He chlormequatkaiwhakahaere tipu tipuKei te piki haere te whakamahinga o tēnei matū i roto i ngā hua witi i Amerika Te Raki. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau paitini ka taea e te pānga ki te chlormequat te whakaiti i te momonatanga me te kino ki te kukune e tipu haere ana i ngā horopeta i raro iho i te horopeta whakaaetia o ia rā i whakatūria e ngā mana whakahaere. I konei, ka ripoatahia e mātou te aroaro o te chlormequat i roto i ngā tauira mimi i kohia mai i te taupori o Amerika, me ngā reiti kitenga o te 69%, 74%, me te 90% i roto i ngā tauira i kohia i te tau 2017, 2018–2022, me te 2023. Mai i te tau 2017 ki te 2022, i kitea he iti ngā kukū o te chlormequat i roto i ngā tauira, ā, mai i te tau 2023, i tino piki ake ngā kukū o te chlormequat i roto i ngā tauira. I kite anō mātou he maha ake ngā wā i kitea ai te chlormequat i roto i ngā hua ōti. Ko ēnei hua me ngā raraunga paitini mō te chlormequat e whakaara ake ana i ngā āwangawanga mō ngā taumata pānga o nāianei, ā, e hiahiatia ana he whakamātautau paitini whānui ake, he tirotiro kai, me ngā rangahau mate urutā hei aromatawai i te pānga o te pānga o te chlormequat ki te hauora o te tangata.
E whakaatu ana tēnei rangahau i te kitenga tuatahi o te chlormequat, he matū ahuwhenua he paitini whanaketanga me te whakaputa uri, i roto i te taupori o Amerika me te kai o Amerika. Ahakoa i kitea ngā taumata ōrite o te matū i roto i ngā tauira mimi mai i te tau 2017 ki te 2022, i kitea ngā taumata teitei rawa atu i roto i te tauira o te tau 2023. E whakaatu ana tēnei mahi i te hiahia kia whānui ake te aroturukitanga o te chlormequat i roto i ngā tauira kai me te tangata i te United States, tae atu ki te paitini me te paitini. Ngā rangahau mate urutā o te chlormequat, nā te mea he matū hou tēnei me ngā pānga kino ki te hauora kua tuhia i ngā horopeta iti i roto i ngā rangahau kararehe.
He matū ahuwhenua te Chlormequat i rēhita tuatahitia ki te United States i te tau 1962 hei kaiwhakahaere tipu. Ahakoa i tēnei wā ka whakaaetia kia whakamahia ki ngā tipu whakapaipai anake i te United States, i whakaaetia e te whakataunga a te US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) i te tau 2018 te kawemai i ngā hua kai (ko te nuinga he witi) i rongoatia ki te chlormequat [1]. I te EU, UK me Canada, kua whakaaetia te chlormequat kia whakamahia ki ngā hua kai, ko te nuinga he witi, he ōti me te parei. Ka taea e te chlormequat te whakaiti i te teitei o te kakau, ā, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te piko o te hua, ka uaua ai te hauhake. I te UK me te EU, ko te chlormequat te toenga pesticides e kitea ana i roto i ngā witi me ngā pata, e ai ki ngā rangahau aroturuki roa [2, 3].
Ahakoa kua whakaaetia te whakamahi i te chlormequat ki ngā hua whenua i ētahi wāhanga o Ūropi me Amerika Te Raki, he āhuatanga paitini tōna i ahu mai i ngā rangahau kararehe o mua me ngā rangahau kararehe kua whakaputaina tata nei. Ko ngā pānga o te pānga ki te chlormequat ki te paitini uri me te momonatanga i whakaahuahia tuatahitia i te tīmatanga o te tekau tau atu i 1980 e ngā kaipāmu poaka Tenemāka i kite i te hekenga o te mahi uri i roto i ngā poaka i whakatipuria ki runga i te witi i rongoatia ki te chlormequat. I muri mai ka tirotirohia ēnei kitenga i roto i ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga whakahaeretia i roto i ngā poaka me ngā kiore, i reira ngā poaka uha i whāngaihia ki te witi i rongoatia ki te chlormequat i whakaatu i ngā raruraru i roto i ngā huringa estrous me te taatai ki te whakataurite ki ngā kararehe whakahaere i whāngaihia ki te kai kāore he chlormequat. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā kiore toa i pangia ki te chlormequat mā te kai, te wai inu rānei i te wā whanaketanga i whakaatu i te hekenga o te kaha ki te whakamomona i te parāoa i roto i te vitro. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau paitini uri tata nei o te chlormequat ko te pānga o ngā kiore ki te chlormequat i ngā wā tairongo o te whanaketanga, tae atu ki te haputanga me te tīmatanga o te oranga, i hua ake ai te whakaroa i te pakeketanga, te hekenga o te nekenekehanga parāoa, te hekenga o te taumaha o ngā whekau uri tāne, me te hekenga o ngā taumata testosterone. E whakaatu ana hoki ngā rangahau paitini whanaketanga ko te pānga ki te chlormequat i te wā haputanga ka puta pea te tipu o te kukune me ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te pākia. Kāore i kitea e ētahi atu rangahau he pānga o te chlormequat ki te mahi whakaputa uri i roto i ngā kiore uha me ngā poaka toa, ā, kāore anō hoki i kitea e ētahi atu rangahau he pānga o te chlormequat ki te momonatanga o ngā kiore toa i pāngia e te chlormequat i te wā whanaketanga me te oranga i muri i te whānautanga. Ko ngā raraunga koretake mō te chlormequat i roto i ngā tuhinga paitini, tera pea nā ngā rerekētanga o ngā horopeta me ngā inenga whakamātautau, tae atu ki te kōwhiringa o ngā tauira rauropi me te ira o ngā kararehe whakamātautau. Nō reira, me whakahaere tonu he rangahau.
Ahakoa kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau paitini hou ngā pānga o te chlormequat ki te whanaketanga, te whakaputa uri me te pūnaha endocrine, kāore i te mōhiotia ngā tikanga e puta ai ēnei pānga paitini. E kī ana ētahi rangahau kāore pea te chlormequat e mahi mā roto i ngā tikanga kua tautuhia o ngā matū e whakararuraru ana i te endocrine, tae atu ki ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi estrogen, androgen rānei, ā, kāore hoki e whakarerekē i te mahi aromatase. E kī ana ētahi atu taunakitanga ka pāngia pea e te chlormequat ngā pānga taha mā te whakarerekē i te hanga steroid me te whakararu i te ahotea reticulum endoplasmic.
Ahakoa kei te kitea whānuitia te chlormequat i roto i ngā kai Pākehā noa, he iti noa iho te maha o ngā rangahau aroturuki koiora e aromatawai ana i te pānga o te chlormequat ki te tangata. He poto te haurua-ora o te chlormequat i roto i te tinana, tata ki te 2–3 hāora, ā, i roto i ngā rangahau i uru atu ai ngā tūao tangata, ko te nuinga o ngā horopeta whakamātautau i tangohia mai i te tinana i roto i ngā hāora 24. I roto i ngā tauira taupori whānui mai i te UK me Huitene, i kitea te chlormequat i roto i te mimi o te tata ki te 100% o ngā kaiuru rangahau i ngā auau me ngā kukū teitei ake i ētahi atu patupatu pēnei i te chlorpyrifos, pyrethroids, thiabendazole me ngā metabolites mancozeb. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau i roto i ngā poaka ka kitea hoki te chlormequat i roto i te toto, ā, ka taea te whakawhiti ki te miraka, engari kāore anō kia rangahauhia ēnei matrices i roto i te tangata, i ētahi atu tauira kararehe whakamātautau rānei, ahakoa ko tōna aroaro i roto i te toto me te miraka ka hono pea ki te kino o te whakaputa uri mai i ngā matū. He nui ngā pānga o te pānga i te wā e hapu ana me ngā pēpi.
I te marama o Āperira 2018, i pānuitia e te Tari Tiaki Taiao o Amerika ngā taumata e whakaaetia ana mō te chlormequat i roto i ngā ōti kawemai, te witi, te parei, me ētahi hua kararehe, ā, i taea ai te kawemai i te chlormequat ki te puna kai o Amerika. I muri mai ka whakapikihia te nui o te ōti e whakaaetia ana i te tau 2020. Hei whakaahua i te pānga o ēnei whakataunga ki te putanga mai me te horapa o te chlormequat i roto i te taupori pakeke o Amerika, i inehia e tēnei rangahau whakamātautau te nui o te chlormequat i roto i te mimi o ngā tāngata mai i ngā rohe whenua e toru o Amerika mai i te tau 2017 ki te 2023, ā, i te tau 2022 anō hoki. me te nui o te chlormequat o ngā hua ōti me te witi i hokona i te United States i te tau 2023.
I whakamahia ngā tauira i kohia i roto i ngā rohe matawhenua e toru i waenga i te tau 2017 me te tau 2023 hei ine i ngā taumata mimi o te chlormequat i roto i ngā kainoho o Amerika. E rua tekau mā tahi ngā tauira mimi i kohia mai i ngā wāhine hapu kua whakakorea te ingoa i whakaae i te wā whānautanga e ai ki te tikanga i whakaaetia e te Poari Arotake Whare (IRB) o te tau 2017 mai i te Whare Wānanga Hauora o South Carolina (MUSC, Charleston, SC, USA). I rongoatia ngā tauira ki te 4°C mō te 4 hāora, kātahi ka wehea, ka whakatiohia ki te -80°C. E rua tekau mā rima ngā tauira mimi pakeke i hokona mai i Lee Biosolutions, Inc (Maryland Heights, MO, USA) i te Whiringa-ā-rangi 2022, e tohu ana i tētahi tauira kotahi i kohia mai i Oketopa 2017 ki Hepetema 2022, ā, i kohia mai i ngā tūao (13 tāne me te 12 wāhine) i runga i te nama ki te kohinga Maryland Heights, Missouri. I rongoatia ngā tauira ki te -20°C i muri tonu i te kohi. Hei tāpiritanga, e 50 ngā tauira mimi i kohia mai i ngā tūao o Florida (25 tāne, 25 wāhine) i te marama o Hune 2023 i hokona mai i BioIVT, LLC (Westbury, NY, USA). I rongoatia ngā tauira ki te 4°C tae noa ki te wā i kohia ai ngā tauira katoa, kātahi ka wehea, ka whakatiohia ki te -20°C. I whiwhi te kamupene kaiwhakarato i te whakaaetanga a te IRB e tika ana hei tukatuka i ngā tauira tangata me te whakaae kia kohia ngā tauira. Kāore he mōhiohio whaiaro i tukuna i roto i tētahi o ngā tauira i whakamatautauria. I tukuna katoatia ngā tauira kua whakatiohia hei tātari. Kei te Ripanga Mōhiohio Tautoko S1 ngā mōhiohio taipitopito mō te tauira.
I whakatauhia te ine i te nui o te chlormequat i roto i ngā tauira mimi tangata mā te LC-MS/MS i te HSE Research Laboratory (Buxton, UK) e ai ki te tikanga i whakaputaina e Lindh et al. I whakarerekētia paku i te tau 2011. I roto i te poto, i whakaritea ngā tauira mā te whakaranu i te 200 μl o te mimi kāore i tātarihia me te 1.8 ml o te 0.01 M ammonium acetate kei roto te paerewa ā-roto. Kātahi ka tangohia te tauira mā te whakamahi i te pou HCX-Q, i whakatōngia tuatahi ki te methanol, kātahi ki te 0.01 M ammonium acetate, i horoia ki te 0.01 M ammonium acetate, ā, i whakawāteahia ki te 1% waikawa formic i roto i te methanol. Kātahi ka utaina ngā tauira ki runga i te pou C18 LC (Synergi 4 µ Hydro-RP 150 × 2 mm; Phenomenex, UK) ā, i wehea mā te whakamahi i te wāhanga neke isocratic kei roto ko te 0.1% waikawa formic:methanol 80:20 i te tere rere 0.2. ml/min. I whakaahuahia ngā whakawhiti tauhohenga i tīpakohia e te ine papatipu e Lindh et al. 2011. Ko te rohenga kitenga he 0.1 μg/L e ai ki ngā rangahau kē atu.
Ka whakaatuhia ngā kukū chlormequat mimi hei μmol chlormequat/mol creatinine, ā, ka hurihia ki μg chlormequat/g creatinine e ai ki ngā rangahau o mua (whakareatia ki te 1.08).
I whakamātauria e Anresco Laboratories, LLC ngā tauira kai o te ōti (25 tikanga me te 8 rauropi) me te witi (9 tikanga) mō te chlormequat (San Francisco, CA, USA). I tātarihia ngā tauira me ngā whakarerekētanga i runga anō i ngā tikanga kua whakaputaina [19]. I whakatakotoria te LOD/LOQ mō ngā tauira ōti i te tau 2022 me ngā tauira witi me te ōti katoa i te tau 2023 ki te 10/100 ppb me te 3/40 ppb. Kei roto i te Ripanga Mōhiohio Tautoko S2 ngā mōhiohio taipitopito mō te tauira.
I whakarōpūhia ngā kukū chlormequat mimi mā te tauwāhi matawhenua me te tau i kohia ai, haunga ngā tauira e rua i kohia i te tau 2017 mai i Maryland Heights, Missouri, i whakarōpūhia me ētahi atu tauira o te tau 2017 mai i Charleston, South Carolina. Ko ngā tauira i raro i te rohe kitenga o te chlormequat i kiia he ōrau kitenga i wehea e te pūtake tapawhā o te 2. Kāore i tohatohahia ngā raraunga i te āhua noa, nō reira i whakamahia te whakamātautau Kruskal-Wallis kore-taurite me te whakamātautau whakatairite maha a Dunn hei whakatairite i ngā tau waenga i waenga i ngā rōpū. I mahia ngā tataunga katoa i roto i te GraphPad Prism (Boston, MA).
I kitea te Chlormequat i roto i te 77 o ngā tauira mimi 96, e tohu ana i te 80% o ngā tauira mimi katoa. Ki te whakatauritea ki te 2017 me te 2018–2022, he maha ake ngā kitenga o ngā tauira o te tau 2023: 16 o ngā tauira 23 (69%) me te 17 o ngā tauira 23 (74%), me te 45 o ngā tauira 50 (arā, 90%) i whakamatautauria (Ripanga 1). I mua i te tau 2023, he ōrite ngā kukū chlormequat i kitea i roto i ngā rōpū e rua, engari he nui ake ngā kukū chlormequat i kitea i roto i ngā tauira o te tau 2023 i ngā tauira o ngā tau o mua (Pikitia 1A,B). Ko ngā awhe kukū ka kitea mō ngā tauira 2017, 2018–2022, me 2023 he 0.22 ki te 5.4, 0.11 ki te 4.3, me te 0.27 ki te 52.8 maikirokaramu o te chlormequat mō ia karamu o te creatinine. Ko ngā uara toharite mō ngā tauira katoa i te 2017, 2018–2022, me 2023 he 0.46, 0.30, me te 1.4. E kī ana ēnei raraunga ka haere tonu pea te pānga i te poto o te haurua-ora o te chlormequat i roto i te tinana, me ngā taumata pānga iti iho i waenga i te 2017 me te 2022 me ngā taumata pānga teitei ake i te 2023.
Ko te kukū chlormequat mō ia tauira mimi takitahi ka whakaatuhia hei pūwāhi kotahi me ngā pae i runga ake i te toharite, ā, ko ngā pae hapa e tohu ana i te +/- hapa paerewa. Ko ngā kukū chlormequat mimi ka whakaatuhia i roto i te mcg o te chlormequat mō ia karamu o te creatinine i runga i te tauine rārangi me te tauine logarithmic. I whakamahia te tātari rerekētanga Kruskal-Wallis kore-taurite me te whakamātautau whakatairite maha a Dunn hei whakamātautau i te hiranga tatauranga.
I roto i ngā tauira kai i hokona i te United States i te tau 2022 me te tau 2023, i kitea ngā taumata o te chlormequat i roto i ngā hua witi tuku iho e 25, engari e rua anake, me ngā kukū mai i te kore e kitea ki te 291 μg/kg, e tohu ana i te chlormequat i roto i te ōti. He teitei te horapa o te kai huawhenua. Ko ngā tauira i kohia i te tau 2022 me te tau 2023 he rite tonu ngā taumata toharite: 90 µg/kg me te 114 µg/kg. Kotahi anake te tauira o ngā hua ōti waro e waru he 17 µg/kg te ihirangi chlormequat ka kitea. I kitea anō hoki e mātou he iti ake ngā kukū o te chlormequat i roto i ngā hua witi e rua o ngā hua witi e iwa i whakamatautauria: 3.5 me te 12.6 μg/kg.
Koinei te pūrongo tuatahi mō te ine i te chlormequat mimi i roto i ngā pakeke e noho ana i te United States me ngā taupori i waho o te United Kingdom me Sweden. Ko ngā au o te aroturuki koiora i ngā patupatu i roto i te neke atu i te 1,000 taiohi i Sweden i tuhi i te reiti kitea 100% mō te chlormequat mai i te tau 2000 ki te 2017. Ko te kukū toharite i te tau 2017 he 0.86 maikorokaramu o te chlormequat mō ia karamu o te creatinine, ā, te āhua nei kua heke iho i roto i te wā, ko te taumata toharite teitei rawa atu ko te 2.77 i te tau 2009. I te UK, i kitea e te aroturuki koiora he kukū toharite teitei ake o te 15.1 maikorokaramu o te chlormequat mō ia karamu o te creatinine i waenga i te tau 2011 me te 2012, ahakoa i kohia ēnei tauira mai i ngā tāngata e noho ana i ngā rohe ahuwhenua. kāore he rerekētanga i roto i te pānga. Te pānga o te rehu [15]. I roto i tā mātou rangahau i te tauira o te US mai i te tau 2017 ki te 2022, i kitea he iti ake ngā taumata waenga i whakaritea ki ngā rangahau o mua i Ūropi, engari i te tauira o te tau 2023 he rite tonu ngā taumata waenga ki te tauira o Huitene engari he iti iho i te tauira o te UK.
Tērā pea ka whakaatahia e ēnei rerekētanga o te whakaaturanga i waenga i ngā rohe me ngā wā ngā rerekētanga o ngā mahi ahuwhenua me te mana whakahaere o te chlormequat, e whai pānga ana ki ngā taumata o te chlormequat i roto i ngā hua kai. Hei tauira, he nui ake te kukū o te chlormequat i roto i ngā tauira mimi i te tau 2023 ki ngā tau o mua, e whakaata ana pea i ngā huringa e pā ana ki ngā mahi ture a te EPA e pā ana ki te chlormequat (tae atu ki ngā herenga kai chlormequat i te tau 2018). Ngā taonga kai o Amerika i roto i ngā tau tata nei. Whakaarahia ngā paerewa kai ōti i te tau 2020. Mā ēnei mahi ka taea te kawemai me te hoko i ngā hua ahuwhenua i rongoatia ki te chlormequat, hei tauira, mai i Kanata. Ko te whakaroa i waenga i ngā huringa ture a te EPA me te kukū teitei o te chlormequat i kitea i roto i ngā tauira mimi i te tau 2023 ka taea te whakamārama e ētahi āhuatanga, pērā i te whakaroa i te tango i ngā mahi ahuwhenua e whakamahi ana i te chlormequat, ngā whakaroa a ngā kamupene o Amerika ki te whiriwhiri i ngā whakaaetanga hokohoko, me ngā tāngata takitahi. kei te pāngia e ngā whakaroa i te hoko ōti nā te paunga o ngā taonga hua tawhito me/ranei nā te roa o te oranga o ngā hua ōti.
Hei whakatau mēnā ko ngā kukū i kitea i roto i ngā tauira mimi o Amerika e whakaata ana i te pānga pea ki te chlormequat i roto i te kai, i inehia e mātou te chlormequat i roto i ngā hua oati me te witi i hokona i te US i te tau 2022 me te 2023. He maha ake ngā wā kei roto i ngā hua oati te chlormequat i ngā hua witi, ā, he rerekē te nui o te chlormequat i roto i ngā hua oati rerekē, me te taumata toharite o te 104 ppb, nā te tuku mai pea i te United States me Canada, e whakaata ana pea i ngā rerekētanga o te whakamahinga, te kore whakamahinga rānei i waenga i ngā hua i hangaia mai i ngā oati i rongoatia ki te chlormequat. He rerekē, i roto i ngā tauira kai o te UK, he nui ake te chlormequat i roto i ngā hua witi pēnei i te taro, me te chlormequat i kitea i roto i te 90% o ngā tauira i kohia i te UK i waenga i te Hūrae me te Mahuru 2022. Ko te kukū toharite he 60 ppb. Waihoki, i kitea anō te chlormequat i roto i te 82% o ngā tauira oati o te UK i te kukū toharite o te 1650 ppb, neke atu i te 15 ngā wā teitei ake i ngā tauira o te US, e whakamārama ana pea i ngā kukū mimi teitei ake i kitea i roto i ngā tauira o te UK.
E whakaatu ana ā mātou hua aroturuki koiora i puta te pānga ki te chlormequat i mua i te tau 2018, ahakoa kāore anō kia whakaūtia te manawanui kai ki te chlormequat. Ahakoa kāore te chlormequat e whakahaeretia i roto i ngā kai i te United States, ā, kāore he raraunga hītori mō ngā kukū o te chlormequat i roto i ngā kai e hokona ana i te United States, i te mea he poto te haurua-ora o te chlormequat, e whakapae ana mātou he pānga kai pea tēnei. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā matū mua o te choline i roto i ngā hua witi me ngā paura hua manu ka hanga noa i te chlormequat i ngā pāmahana teitei, pērā i ngā mea e whakamahia ana i roto i te tukatuka me te hanga kai, ka hua ake he kukū chlormequat mai i te 5 ki te 40 ng/g. E whakaatu ana ā mātou hua whakamātautau kai ko ētahi tauira, tae atu ki te hua ōti waro, kei roto te chlormequat i ngā taumata e rite ana ki ngā mea i pūrongohia i roto i ngā rangahau o te chlormequat e puta noa ana, i te mea he maha atu ngā tauira kei roto ngā taumata teitei ake o te chlormequat. Nō reira, ko ngā taumata i kitea e mātou i roto i te mimi tae noa ki te tau 2023 i ahu mai pea i te pānga kai ki te chlormequat i puta i te wā o te tukatuka me te hanga kai. Ko ngā taumata i kitea i te tau 2023, tērā pea nā te pānga ki te chlormequat i hangaia i waho o te kai me ngā hua kawemai i rongoatia ki te chlormequat i roto i te ahuwhenua. Ko ngā rerekētanga o te pānga ki te chlormequat i roto i ā mātou tauira, tērā pea nā te wāhi whenua, ngā momo kai rerekē, te pānga rānei ki te chlormequat i roto i ngā mahi ina whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whare kati kōtuhi me ngā whare whakatipu tamariki.
E kī ana tā mātou rangahau me nui ake ngā tauira me te kanorau ake o ngā kai i rongoatia ki te chlormequat hei aromatawai katoa i ngā puna kai pea o te chlormequat i roto i ngā tāngata iti te pānga. Mā ngā rangahau ā muri ake nei, tae atu ki te tātari i ngā tauira mimi me ngā tauira kai o mua, ngā pātai kai me ngā pātai mahi, te aroturuki tonu i te chlormequat i roto i ngā kai tuku iho me ngā kai rauropi i te United States, me ngā tauira aroturuki koiora, ka āwhina i te whakamārama i ngā āhuatanga noa o te pānga ki te chlormequat i roto i te taupori o US.
Kāore anō kia whakatauhia te tūponotanga o te pikinga ake o ngā taumata o te chlormequat i roto i te mimi me ngā tauira kai i te United States i ngā tau e haere ake nei. I te United States, ko te chlormequat anake e whakaaetia ana i tēnei wā i roto i ngā hua oati me te witi kawemai, engari kei te whakaarohia e te Environmental Protection Agency tōna whakamahinga ahuwhenua i roto i ngā hua kore-organic o te kāinga. Mena ka whakaaetia taua whakamahinga kāinga me te mahi ahuwhenua whānui o te chlormequat ki tāwāhi me te kāinga, ka piki tonu pea ngā taumata o te chlormequat i roto i te oati, te witi, me ētahi atu hua witi, ka piki ake ngā taumata o te pānga ki te chlormequat. Te tapeke o te taupori o US.
Ko ngā kukū mimi o nāianei o te chlormequat i roto i tēnei rangahau me ētahi atu rangahau e whakaatu ana i te whakaaturanga o te chlormequat ki ngā kaituku tauira takitahi i ngā taumata i raro iho i te horopeta tohutoro (RfD) kua whakaputaina e te US Environmental Protection Agency (0.05 mg/kg taumaha tinana ia rā), nō reira he mea whakaaetia. Ko te horopeta o ia rā he iti iho i te uara horopeta i whakaputaina e te European Food Safety Authority (ADI) (0.04 mg/kg taumaha tinana/rā). Heoi, e kite ana mātou ko ngā rangahau paitini kua whakaputaina o te chlormequat e kī ana me arotake anō ēnei paepae haumaru. Hei tauira, ko ngā kiore me ngā poaka i whakaatuhia ki ngā horopeta i raro iho i te RfD me te ADI o nāianei (0.024 me te 0.0023 mg/kg taumaha tinana/rā, ia) i whakaatu i te hekenga o te momonatanga . I roto i tētahi atu rangahau paitini, ko te whakaaturanga i te wā hapūtanga ki ngā horopeta e rite ana ki te taumata pānga kino kāore i kitea (NOAEL) o te 5 mg/kg (i whakamahia hei tatau i te horopeta tohutoro a te US Environmental Protection Agency) i hua ake ai ngā huringa o te tipu me te pākia o te kukune, me ngā huringa o te hanganga tinana. Ngā kiore whānau hou . Hei tāpiritanga, kāore ngā paepae ture e whai whakaaro ki ngā pānga kino o ngā ranunga matū ka pā ki te pūnaha whakaputa uri, kua whakaatuhia he pānga tāpiri, he pānga mahi tahi rānei i ngā horopeta iti iho i te pānga ki ngā matū takitahi, ka puta ai he raruraru pea ki te hauora whakaputa uri. Ngā āwangawanga mō ngā pānga e pā ana ki ngā taumata pānga o nāianei, inā koa mō te hunga he nui ake ngā taumata pānga i roto i te taupori whānui i Ūropi me te US.
E whakaatu ana tēnei rangahau whakamātautau mō ngā pānga matū hou ki te United States kei roto te chlormequat i ngā kai o Amerika, ko te nuinga kei roto i ngā hua oati, tae atu ki te nuinga o ngā tauira mimi i kitea i kohia mai i te tata ki te 100 tāngata i te US, e tohu ana kei te haere tonu te pānga ki te chlormequat. Heoi anō, e kī ana ngā au o ēnei raraunga kua piki ake ngā taumata pānga, ā, tera pea ka piki tonu a muri ake nei. I runga i ngā āwangawanga paitini e pā ana ki te pānga ki te chlormequat i roto i ngā rangahau kararehe, me te horapa o te pānga o te taupori whānui ki te chlormequat i ngā whenua Pākehā (ā, i nāianei pea kei te United States), me ngā rangahau mate urutā me ngā rangahau kararehe, he hiahia nui kia aro turukihia te chlormequat i roto i te kai me te tangata. He mea nui kia mārama ki ngā tūponotanga hauora pea o tēnei matū ahuwhenua i ngā taumata pānga nui ki te taiao, inā koa i te wā e hapu ana.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-04-2024