Te Tāutai rongoatia ki ngā patu pepekeKo ngā kupenga matapihi (ITN) i runga i ngā tuanui tuwhera, ngā matapihi, me ngā whakatuwheratanga pakitara i roto i ngā whare kāore i whakakahangia he tikanga pea hei whakahaere i te malaria. Ka taeaārai i ngā waeroakei tomo ki te kāinga, ka puta he pānga whakamate me te mate puku ki ngā kawe malaria, ā, ka whakaiti pea i te horapa o te malaria. Nō reira, i whakahaerehia e mātou he rangahau mate urutā i roto i ngā whare o Tanzania hei aromatawai i te whai huatanga o ngā kupenga matapihi kua rongoatia ki ngā patu pepeke (ITN) hei tiaki i te mate malaria me ngā kawe i roto i te whare.
I te Rohe o Charinze, Tanzania, e 421 ngā whare i wehea matapōkeretia ki ngā rōpū e rua. Mai i Hune ki Hūrae 2021, i tāutahia ngā kupenga waeroa kei roto te deltamethrin me te synergist ki ngā tuanui, ngā matapihi, me ngā whakatuwheratanga pakitara i roto i tētahi rōpū, engari kāore te rōpū i tāuta. Whai muri i te tāutanga, i te mutunga o te wā ua roa (Hune/Hūrae 2022, putanga tuatahi) me te wā ua poto (Hanuere/Pēpuere 2022, putanga tuarua), i whakamātautauhia ngā mema katoa o te whare whai wāhi (≥6 marama te pakeke) ki te PCR mō te mate malaria. Ko ngā putanga tuarua ko te tapeke o ngā waeroa mō ia mahanga mō ia pō (Hune/Hūrae 2022), ngā urupare kino kotahi marama i muri i te whakatakotoranga kupenga (Akuhata 2021), me te chemobioavailability me ngā toenga kotahi tau i muri i te whakamahinga kupenga (Hune/Hūrae 2022). I te mutunga o te whakamātautau, i whiwhi hoki te rōpū whakahaere i ngā kupenga waeroa.
Kāore i taea e te rangahau te whakatau i ngā whakatau nā te iti o te rahi o te tauira nā te korenga o ētahi o ngā kainoho ki te whai wāhi mai. Me whai whakamātautau whakahaere matapōkere-rōpū nui, ko te mea pai ko te whakauru i ngā ārai matapihi kua rongoatia ki te patu pepeke roa te ora, hei aromatawai i tēnei wawaotanga.
I tātarihia ngā raraunga horapa o te mate malaria mā te whakamahi i te huarahi ia-kawa, arā, ko te hunga i haere i roto i ngā wiki e rua i mua i te rangahau, i tango rānei i ngā rongoā ārai-malaria, kāore i uru ki te tātari.
Nā te iti o te maha o ngā waeroa i hopukina i te wā o te aromatawai, ko te tauira whakatauira binomial kino kāore i whakatikatikaina mō te maha o ngā waeroa i hopukina ia pō e ia mahanga i whakamahia hei whakatau i te maha o ngā waeroa i roto i te rūma.
I roto i ngā whare whai mana e 450 i tīpakohia puta noa i ngā kāinga e iwa, e iwa i tangohia atu nā te mea kāore i tuwhera ō rātou tuanui, kāore hoki he matapihi i mua i te whakarōpūtanga matapōkere. I te marama o Mei 2021, e 441 ngā whare i tukuna ki te whakarōpūtanga matapōkere ngāwari i wehewehea kia rite ki te kāinga: e 221 ngā whare i tohaina ki te rōpū pūnaha hau atamai (IVS), ā, ko te toenga e 220 ki te rōpū whakahaere. I te mutunga, e 208 o ngā whare i tīpakohia i whakaoti i te tāutanga IVS, ko te 195 i noho tonu ki te rōpū whakahaere (Pikitia 3).
E kī ana ētahi rangahau he pai ake te ITS ki te tiaki i te malaria i roto i ētahi rōpū tau, i ngā whare noho, i te wā rānei e whakamahia ana me ngā kupenga waeroa. Kua pūrongohia he iti te urunga atu ki ngā taonga whakahaere malaria, inā koa ko ngā kupenga waeroa, inā koa i waenga i ngā tamariki kura.[46] Ko te iti o te wātea o ngā kupenga i roto i ngā whare ka whai wāhi ki te iti o te whakamahinga kupenga i roto i ngā whare, ā, he maha ngā wā ka warewarehia ngā tamariki kura, ā, ka noho hei pūtake o te horapa tonu o te malaria.[16, 47, 48] Kei te whakatinanahia e Tanzania ngā kaupapa tohatoha tonu, tae atu ki te kaupapa kupenga kura, hei whakanui ake i te urunga atu ki ngā kupenga waeroa mō ngā tamariki kura.[14, 49] I te mea he iti te wātea o te kupenga (50%) i te wā o te rangahau me te mea ka nui ake te uaua o tēnei rōpū ki te uru atu ki ngā kupenga, tera pea i whakaratohia e te ITS te tiakitanga mō tēnei rōpū, ā, nā reira i whakakī ai i te āputa tiaki i roto i te whakamahinga kupenga. Kua honoa ngā hanganga whare ki te pikinga o te horapa o te malaria; hei tauira, ko ngā kapiti i roto i ngā pakitara paru me ngā kōhao i roto i ngā tuanui tuku iho ka āwhina i te urunga mai o te waeroa.[8] Heoi, kāore he taunakitanga hei tautoko i tēnei kereme; Kāore i kitea he rerekētanga i waenga i te rōpū whakahaere me te rōpū ITN i roto i te tātaritanga o ngā rōpū rangahau mā te momo pakitara, te momo tuanui, me te whakamahinga o mua o ngā ITN.
Ahakoa he iti ake ngā waeroa Anopheles i hopukina mō ia mahanga mō ia pō i ngā whare e whakamahi ana i te pūnaha whakahaere waeroa o roto (ITS), he iti noa iho te rerekētanga ki ngā whare kāore he ITS. Ko te iti o te tere hopu i roto i ngā whare e whakamahi ana i te ITS, tera pea nā tōna whai huatanga ki ngā momo waeroa matua e kai ana, e noho ana i roto i te whare (hei tauira, Anopheles gambiae [50]) engari tera pea kāore i te tino whai hua ki ngā momo waeroa e kaha ake ana ki te noho ki waho (hei tauira, Anopheles africanus). Hei tāpiri, ko ngā ITS o nāianei, kāore pea i roto i ngā kukū pai me te taurite o ngā pyrethroids me ngā PBO, nō reira, kāore pea i te tino whai hua ki ngā Anopheles gambiae e ātete ana ki te pyrethroid, e ai ki te rangahau ā-haurua [Odufuwa, e haere ake nei]. Tērā pea nā te koretake o te mana tatauranga tēnei hua. Hei kite i te rerekētanga 10% i waenga i te rōpū ITS me te rōpū whakahaere me te mana tatauranga 80%, e 500 ngā whare i hiahiatia mō ia rōpū. Hei whakanui ake i te kino, i tūtaki te rangahau ki tētahi āhuarangi rerekē i Tanzania i taua tau, me te pikinga o te pāmahana me te hekenga o te ua [51], ka pā kino pea ki te noho me te oranga o ngā waeroa Anopheles [52] ā, ka heke pea te maha o ngā waeroa i te wā o te rangahau. He rerekē, he iti noa te rerekētanga o te matotoru o ia rā o ngā Culex pipiens pallens i roto i ngā whare he ITS ki ngā whare kāore he ITS. E ai ki te kōrero i mua [Odufuwa, kei te haere mai], ko tēnei āhuatanga pea nā te hangarau motuhake o te tāpiri i ngā pyrethroids me te PBO ki te ITS, e whakawhāiti ana i tā rātou pānga patu pepeke ki ngā Culex pipiens. Hei tāpiri, he rerekē ki ngā waeroa Anopheles, ka taea e ngā Culex pipiens te tomo ki ngā whare mā roto i ngā tatau, e ai ki tētahi rangahau i Kenya [24] me tētahi rangahau pepeke i Tanzania [53]. Tērā pea he koretake te tāuta i ngā tatau mata, ā, ka piki ake te mōrearea o te pānga o ngā kainoho ki ngā patu pepeke. Ko te nuinga o ngā waeroa Anopheles ka tomo mā roto i ngā tuanui [54], ā, ko ngā wawaotanga nui pea ka nui ake te pānga ki te matotoru o ngā waeroa, e whakaatuhia ana e te whakatauira i runga i ngā raraunga SFS [Odufuwa, e haere ake nei].
Ko ngā urupare kino i kōrerotia e ngā tohunga hangarau me ngā kaiuru he rite ki ngā urupare e mōhiotia ana ki te pānga o te pyrethroid [55]. He mea nui, ko te nuinga o ngā urupare kino i kōrerotia i memeha i roto i ngā haora 72 o te pānga, nā te mea he iti noa iho (6%) o ngā mema o te whānau i rapu awhina hauora, ā, i whiwhi awhina hauora kore utu ngā kaiuru katoa. Ko te nui o te tihe i kitea i waenga i te 13 tohunga hangarau (65%) i hono atu ki te kore whakamahi i ngā kopare i whakaratohia, me te kī he mamae, he hononga pea ki te COVID-19. Tērā pea ka whakaarohia e ngā rangahau ā muri ake nei te whakahau i te mau kopare.
I te Rohe o Charinze, kāore i kitea he rerekētanga nui i roto i ngā reiti mate malaria, i ngā taupori waeroa o roto rānei i waenga i ngā whare me ngā ārai matapihi i rongoatia ki ngā patu pepeke me ngā mea kāore i te rongoatia ki ngā patu pepeke (ITS). Tērā pea nā te hoahoa o te rangahau, ngā āhuatanga me ngā toenga patu pepeke, me te nui o te hekenga o ngā kaiuru i kitea tēnei. Ahakoa te kore o ngā rerekētanga nui, i kitea he hekenga o te maha o ngā pirinoa o te whare i te wā ua roa, inā koa i waenga i ngā tamariki kura. I heke iho hoki ngā taupori waeroa Anopheles o roto, e tohu ana i te hiahia mō ētahi atu rangahau. Nō reira, kia mau tonu ai te whai wāhi o ngā kaiuru, e taunakihia ana kia hangaia he hoahoa whakahaere matapōkere-rōpū, me te whai wāhi kaha o te hapori me te toro atu.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 21-2025