E mōhiotia ana ko ngā mite pepeke ahuwhenua tētahi o ngā rōpū koiora uaua ki te whakahaere i te ao. I roto i ēnei, ko ngā mite pepeke e kitea whānuitia ana ko ngā mite pungawerewere me ngā mite au, he kaha ki te whakangaro i ngā hua ohanga pērā i ngā rākau hua, ngā huawhenua, me ngā putiputi. Ko te maha me te hoko o ngā acaricides ahuwhenua e whakamahia ana hei whakahaere i ngā mite kai otaota kei muri i a Lepidoptera me Homoptera i roto i ngā patu pepeke ahuwhenua me ngā acaricides. Heoi, i ngā tau tata nei, nā te whakamahinga pinepine o ngā acaricides me te whakamahinga hē o ngā acaricides horihori. Ko te take he rerekē ngā taumata ātete kua whakaatuhia, ā, kei te tata te whakawhanake i ngā acaricides hou he tino whai hua me ngā hanganga hou me ngā tikanga mahi ahurei.
Mā tēnei tuhinga ka whakamōhio atu ki a koe tētahi momo hou o te benzoylacetonitrile acaricide – arā, ko te fenflunomide. Nā te Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd. o Hapani tēnei hua i whakawhanake, ā, i whakarewahia mō te wā tuatahi i te tau 2017. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia hei whakahaere i ngā mite pepeke i runga i ngā hua pēnei i ngā rākau hua, ngā huawhenua me ngā rākau tī, inā koa mō ngā mite pepeke kua ātete ki ēnei.
Te āhua taketake
Ingoa noa Ingarihi: Cyflumetofen; Nama CAS: 400882-07-7; Tātai ngota: C24H24F3NO4; Taumaha ngota: 447.4; Ingoa matū: 2-methoxyethyl-(R,S)-2-(4-tert. Butylphenyl)-2-cyano-3-oxo-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-o-tolyl); ko te tātai hanganga e whakaaturia ana i raro nei.
He acaricide whakamate puku te Butflufenafen, kāore he āhuatanga pūnaha, ā, ko tana tikanga mahi matua he aukati i te manawa mitochondrial o ngā mite. Mā te tango-esterification i roto i te tinana ora, ka hangaia he hanganga hydroxyl, ka whakararuraru, ka aukati hoki i te matatini pūmua mitochondrial II, ka aukati i te whakawhiti irahiko (hauwai), ka whakangaro i te tauhohenga phosphorylation, ā, ka pāngia te pararutiki me te mate o ngā mite.
Ngā āhuatanga mahi o te cyflumetofen
(1) He nui te mahi me te iti o te horopeta. Kotahi tekau mā rua karamu anake mō ia mu o te whenua e whakamahia ana, he iti te waro, he haumaru, he pai hoki mō te taiao;
(2) Whānui te whānuitanga. He whai hua ki ngā momo mite pepeke katoa;
(3) Tino whiriwhiri. He pānga whakamate motuhake anake ki ngā mite kino, ā, he iti noa te pānga kino ki ngā rauropi kāore i te whainga me ngā mite kaipahua;
(4) Whānuitanga. Ka taea te whakamahi mō ngā hua māra o waho me ngā hua tiaki hei whakahaere i ngā noke i ngā wāhanga tipu rerekē o ngā hua manu, ngā torongū, ngā ngira me ngā pakeke, ā, ka taea te whakamahi tahi me te hangarau whakahaere koiora;
(5) Ngā pānga tere, ā, he roa hoki. I roto i ngā hāora e 4, ka mutu te kai a ngā pepeke kino, ā, ka pararutiki ngā pepeke i roto i ngā hāora 12, ā, he pai te pānga tere; ā, he roa te pānga, ā, kotahi te paninga ka taea te whakahaere i te wā roa;
(6) Ehara i te mea ngāwari te whakawhanake i te ātete ki ngā rongoā. He tikanga mahi ahurei tōna, kāore he ātete whakawhiti ki ngā acaricides o nāianei, ā, ehara i te mea ngāwari ki ngā mite te whakawhanake i te ātete ki a ia;
(7) Ka tere te whakapūngao me te pirau i roto i te oneone me te wai, he mea haumaru mō ngā hua me ngā rauropi kāore i te whāngaihia pērā i ngā kararehe whakangote me ngā rauropi wai, ngā rauropi whai hua, me ngā hoariri tūturu. He taputapu pai hei whakahaere i te ātete.
Ngā Mākete me ngā Rēhitatanga o te Ao
I te tau 2007, i rēhitatia tuatahitia te fenflufen, ā, i hokohokohia ki Hapani. Ināianei kua rēhitatia, kua hokona hoki te bufenflunom ki Hapani, ki Brazil, ki te Hononga o Amerika, ki Haina, ki Kōrea ki te Tonga, ki te Kotahitanga o Ūropi me ētahi atu whenua. Ko te nuinga o ngā hoko kei Brazil, ki te Hononga o Amerika, ki Hapani, me ētahi atu, e 70% o ngā hokonga o te ao; ko te whakamahinga matua ko te whakahaere i ngā mite i runga i ngā rākau hua pērā i te citrus me te aporo, e 80% neke atu o ngā hokonga o te ao.
EU: Kua whakarārangihia ki te Tāpiritanga 1 o te EU i te tau 2010, ā, kua rēhitatia mana i te tau 2013, ā, e whai mana ana tae noa ki te 31 o Mei 2023.
Te Hononga o Amerika: I rēhita mana ki te EPA i te tau 2014, ā, i whakaaetia e California i te tau 2015. Mō ngā kupenga rākau (ngā kāwai hua 14-12), ngā pea (ngā kāwai hua 11-10), ngā karaka (ngā kāwai hua 10-10), ngā karepe, ngā rōpere, ngā tōmato me ngā hua whenua.
Kānata: I whakaaetia kia rēhitatia e te Tari Whakahaere Pest a Health Canada (PMRA) i te tau 2014.
Brazil: I whakamanahia i te tau 2013. E ai ki te patai a te paetukutuku, tae noa ki tēnei wā, he horopeta kotahi te nuinga o te 200g/L SC, e whakamahia ana mō ngā hua citrus hei whakahaere i ngā mite pahau poto papura, ngā aporo hei whakahaere i ngā mite pūngāwerewere aporo, me te kawhe hei whakahaere i ngā mite pahau poto papura-whero, ngā mite maikuku iti, me ētahi atu.
Haina: E ai ki te Whatunga Mōhiohio mō ngā Pesticide o Haina, e rua ngā rēhitatanga o te fenflufenac i Haina. Ko tētahi he horopeta kotahi o te 200g/L SC, kei a FMC. Ko tētahi ko te rēhitatanga hangarau kei a Japan Ouite Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.
Ahitereiria: I te marama o Tīhema 2021, i pānuitia e te Australian Pesticide and Veterinary Medicines Administration (APVMA) te whakaaetanga me te rēhitatanga o te 200 g/L buflufenacil whakatārewatanga mai i te 14 o Tīhema 2021 ki te 11 o Hānuere 2022. Ka taea te whakamahi hei whakahaere i ngā momo mite i roto i te pome, te aramona, te citrus, te karepe, te hua me te huawhenua, te rōpere me ngā tipu whakapaipai, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei tiaki i roto i ngā rōpere, te tōmato me ngā tipu whakapaipai.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-10-2022