He mea nui te hau ma, te wai me te oneone hauora ki te mahi a ngā pūnaha rauropi e taunekeneke ana i ngā wāhanga matua e whā o te Ao hei pupuri i te ora. Heoi, he maha ngā toenga patu pepeke paitini i roto i ngā pūnaha rauropi, ā, he maha ngā wā ka kitea i roto i te oneone, te wai (totoka me te wai) me te hau taiao i ngā taumata e nui ake ana i ngā paerewa o te Tari Tiaki Taiao o Amerika (EPA). Ka pāngia ēnei toenga patu pepeke e te waikura, te whakaahua, te waikura me te pirau koiora, ka hua ake he maha ngā hua whakarerekētanga e rite ana ki ō rātou matū matua. Hei tauira, 90% o ngā Amerikana he iti rawa te kotahi te tohu matū patu pepeke i roto i ō rātou tinana (te matū matua me te matū matū). Ka pā te noho o ngā patu pepeke i roto i te tinana ki te hauora o te tangata, inā koa i ngā wā ngoikore o te ao pēnei i te tamarikitanga, te taiohitanga, te haputanga me te koroheketanga. E whakaatu ana ngā tuhinga pūtaiao kua roa ngā pānga kino kino ki te hauora o ngā patu pepeke (hei tauira, te whakararuraru i te endocrine, te mate pukupuku, ngā raruraru whānau/whakatupuranga, te paitini roro, te ngaronga o te koiora, me ētahi atu) ki te taiao (tae atu ki ngā kararehe mohoao, te koiora me te hauora o te tangata). Nō reira, ko te pānga ki ngā patu pepeke me ō rātou PD ka pā kino ki te hauora, tae atu ki ngā pānga ki te pūnaha endocrine.
I whakarōpūtia e te tohunga o te EU mō ngā kaiwhakararu endocrine (kua mate) a Tākuta Theo Colborne neke atu i te 50 ngā matū hohe o ngā patu pepeke hei kaiwhakararu endocrine (ED), tae atu ki ngā matū i roto i ngā hua o te whare pērā i ngā hopi horoi, ngā patu huakita, ngā kirihou me ngā patu pepeke. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau ko te whakararu endocrine te mea nui i roto i te maha o ngā patu pepeke pērā i te patu taru atrazine me te 2,4-D, te patu pepeke fipronil mō ngā kararehe, me ngā dioxin i ahu mai i te hanga (TCDD). Ka taea e ēnei matū te uru ki te tinana, te whakararu i ngā homoni me te whakaputa i ngā mate kino, ngā mate, me ngā raruraru uri. Ko te pūnaha endocrine he mea hanga mai i ngā repe (thyroid, gonads, adrenals, me te pituitary) me ngā homoni e whakaputaina ana e rātou (thyroxine, estrogen, testosterone, me te adrenaline). Ko ēnei repe me ā rātou homoni e rite ana te whakahaere i te whanaketanga, te tipu, te whakaputa uri, me te whanonga o ngā kararehe, tae atu ki te tangata. Ko ngā mate endocrine he raruraru tonu me te tipu haere e pā ana ki te tangata huri noa i te ao. Nō reira, e kī ana ngā kaitautoko me whakatinana e te kaupapa here ngā ture pakari ake mō te whakamahinga patu pepeke me te whakapakari i te rangahau mō ngā pānga roa o te pānga ki ngā patu pepeke.
Ko tēnei rangahau tētahi o ngā rangahau maha e whakaae ana he rite tonu te paitini, te kaha ake rānei o ngā hua pakaru pesticides i ō rātou matū matua. I te ao whānui, e whakamahia whānuitia ana te pyriproxyfen (Pyr) hei whakahaere i ngā waeroa, ā, koinei anake te pesticides kua whakaaetia e te World Health Organization (WHO) hei whakahaere i ngā waeroa i roto i ngā ipu wai inu. Heoi, tata ki ngā TP Pyrs e whitu he mahi whakaiti estrogen i roto i te toto, ngā whatukuhu, me te ate. Ko te Malathion he pepeke rongonui e aukati ana i te mahi a te acetylcholinesterase (AChE) i roto i ngā kiko io. Ko te aukati i te AChE ka arahi ki te kohikohinga o te acetylcholine, he matū neurotransmitter e kawenga ana mō te mahi roro me te uaua. Ka taea e tēnei kohikohinga matū te arahi ki ngā hua ohorere pērā i te wiri tere kore e taea te whakahaere o ētahi uaua, te pararutiki manawa, te wiri, ā, i ngā wā tino kino, heoi, kāore te aukati acetylcholinesterase i te motuhake, ka arahi ki te horapa o te malathion. He tūmomo mōrearea nui tēnei ki ngā kararehe mohoao me te hauora tūmatanui. Hei whakarāpopototanga, i whakaatuhia e te rangahau he pānga whakararuraru endocrine ngā TP e rua o te malathion ki te whakaaturanga ira, te whakaputanga homoni, me te pākia o te glucocorticoid (warowaihā, pūmua, ngako). Nā te tere o te pirau o te pesticide fenoxaprop-ethyl i hua ake ai te hanganga o ngā TP tino paitini e rua i whakanui ake i te whakaaturanga ira 5.8–12-ngā wā, ā, he nui ake te pānga ki te mahi estrogen. Hei whakamutunga, ko te TF matua o te benalaxil ka noho roa ake i te taiao i te matū matua, he kaitukino alpha receptor estrogen, ā, ka whakarei ake i te whakaaturanga ira 3-ngā wā. Ehara i te mea ko ngā pesticide e whā i roto i tēnei rangahau anake ngā matū e āwangawanga ana; he maha atu anō hoki e whakaputa ana i ngā hua pakaru paitini. He maha ngā pesticide kua aukatia, ngā matū pesticide tawhito me ngā mea hou, me ngā hua taha matū e tuku ana i te phosphorus katoa paitini e whakapoke ana i te tangata me ngā rauropi.
Kei te noho tonu te patupatu DDT kua aukatia me tana matū matua DDE ki te taiao mō ngā tekau tau i muri i te whakakorenga o te whakamahinga, ā, kua kitea e te Tari Tiaki Taiao o Amerika (EPA) ngā kukū o ngā matū e nui ake ana i ngā taumata e whakaaetia ana. Ahakoa e memeha ana te DDT me te DDE ki roto i te ngako tinana, ā, e noho ana ki reira mō ngā tau, ka roa ake te noho o te DDE ki roto i te tinana. I kitea i roto i tētahi rangahau i mahia e te Centers for Disease Control (CDC) kua pangia e te DDE te tinana o te 99 ōrau o ngā kaiuru rangahau. Pērā i ngā mea whakararuraru endocrine, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te pānga ki te DDT e pā ana ki te mate huka, te menopause wawe, te hekenga o te maha o ngā parāoa, te endometriosis, ngā āhua whānau, te autism, te korenga o te huaora D, te lymphoma kore-Hodgkin, me te momona. Heoi, kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau he nui ake te paitini o te DDE i tōna matū matua. Ka pāngia pea te hauora o tēnei matū e ngā whakatupuranga maha, ka puta te momona me te mate huka, ā, ka piki ake te maha o ngā mate pukupuku ū puta noa i ngā whakatupuranga maha. Ko ētahi patupatu whakatupuranga tawhito, tae atu ki ngā organophosphates pērā i te malathion, he mea hanga mai i ngā matū kotahi me te kaihoko io o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao (Agent Orange), e pā kino ana ki te pūnaha io. Ko te Triclosan, he patu huakita paturopi kua aukatia i roto i te maha o ngā kai, ka noho tonu ki te taiao, ā, ka puta he hua pirau pukupuku pērā i te chloroform me te 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,8-DCDD).
Ka tere te mahi a ngā matū "o te whakatipuranga e whai ake nei", tae atu ki te glyphosate me te neonicotinoids, ā, ka tere te pakaru, nō reira he iti ake te tūponotanga ka hangaia. Heoi, kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau he nui ake te paitini o ngā kukū iti o ēnei matū i ngā matū tawhito, ā, he iti ake te taumaha e hiahiatia ana. Nō reira, ko ngā hua pakaru o ēnei matū ka puta he pānga paitini rite tonu, he kino ake rānei. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau ka hurihia te patu taru glyphosate hei matū paitini AMPA e whakarerekē ana i te whakaaturanga ira. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā matū hou pēnei i te denitroimidacloprid me te decyanothiacloprid he 300 me te ~200 ngā wā ka nui ake te paitini ki ngā kararehe i te imidacloprid matua.
Ka taea e ngā patupatu me ā rātou TF te whakanui ake i ngā taumata o te paitini kino me te mate-iti, ka hua ake he pānga roa ki te momonatanga o ngā momo me te kanorau koiora. He rite tonu te mahi a ngā patupatu o mua me o nāianei ki ētahi atu poke taiao, ā, ka pāngia pea te tangata e ēnei matū i te wā kotahi. He maha ngā wā ka mahi tahi ēnei poke matū, ka mahi tahi rānei hei whakaputa i ngā pānga kino ake. He raruraru noa te mahi tahi i roto i ngā ranunga patupatu, ā, ka taea te whakaiti i ngā pānga paitini ki te hauora o te tangata, te kararehe me te taiao. Nō reira, ko ngā aromatawai mōrearea taiao me te hauora tangata o nāianei e whakaiti ana i ngā pānga kino o ngā toenga patupatu, ngā matū me ētahi atu poke taiao.
He mea nui kia mārama ki te pānga o ngā patupatu endocrine me ōna hua pakaru ki te hauora o ngā whakatipuranga o nāianei me ngā whakatipuranga o muri mai. Kāore i te tino mārama te pūtake o ngā mate i puta mai i ngā patupatu, tae atu ki ngā whakaroa wā e taea te matapae i waenga i te pānga o ngā matū, ngā pānga hauora, me ngā raraunga mate urutā.
Ko tētahi huarahi hei whakaiti i te pānga o ngā patupatu ki te tangata me te taiao ko te hoko, te whakatipu me te tiaki i ngā hua rauropi. He maha ngā rangahau kua whakaatu mai, ina huri ki te kai rauropi katoa, ka tino heke te taumata o ngā matūkai patupatu i roto i te mimi. He maha ngā painga hauora me te taiao o te ahuwhenua rauropi mā te whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā mahi ahuwhenua matū nui. Ka taea te whakaiti i ngā pānga kino o ngā patupatu mā te whakamahi i ngā mahi rauropi whakaora me te whakamahi i ngā tikanga whakahaere patupatu iti rawa te paitini. I te mea kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā rautaki rerekē kāore i te patupatu, ka taea e ngā whare me ngā kaimahi ahuwhenua te whakamahi i ēnei mahi hei waihanga i tētahi taiao haumaru me te hauora.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-06-2023