Ko Hainan, te kawanatanga tuatahi o Haina ki te whakatuwhera i te mākete rauemi ahuwhenua, te kawanatanga tuatahi ki te whakatinana i te pūnaha raihana rarawe o ngā patupatu, te kawanatanga tuatahi ki te whakatinana i te tapanga hua me te waehere o ngā patupatu, te ia hou o ngā huringa kaupapa here whakahaere patupatu, kua aro tonu ki te umanga rauemi ahuwhenua ā-motu, inā koa te whakatakotoranga whānui o ngā kaiwhakahaere pakihi mākete patupatu Hainan.
I te 25 o Poutū-te-rangi, 2024, hei whakatinana i ngā whakaritenga e tika ana o ngā Ture mō te Whakataetae Tika o te Tauranga Hokohoko Koreutu o Hainan me ngā Whakaritenga mō te Whakahaere i ngā Patupatu i te Rohe Ōhanga Motuhake o Hainan, i whai mana i te 1 o Oketopa, 2023, i whakatau te Kāwanatanga o te Porowini o Hainan ki te whakakore i ngā Ture mō te Whakahaere i te Mahi Hokohoko me te Hokohoko o ngā Patupatu i te Rohe Ōhanga Motuhake o Hainan.
Ko te tikanga hoki tēnei ka neke whakamua te whakahaere patu pepeke i Hainan, ka whakawāteatia te mākete, ā, ka pakaru mana te mana pupuri o te 8 tāngata (i mua i te 1 o Oketopa, 2023, e 8 ngā umanga hoko patu pepeke rarahi, 1,638 ngā umanga hokohoko patu pepeke me te 298 ngā umanga patu pepeke here i te Porowini o Hainan). Ka whanake hei tauira mana hou, hei rahinga hou: ngā hongere rahinga, ngā utu rahinga, ngā ratonga rahinga.
Kua whakatinanahia ngā "ture hou" o te tau 2023
I mua i te whakakorenga o ngā Ture mō te Whakahaere i te Mahi Hokohoko me te Hokohoko o ngā Patupatu i te Rohe Ōhanga Motuhake o Hainan, kua whakatinanahia ngā Whakaritenga mō te Whakahaere i ngā Patupatu i te Rohe Ōhanga Motuhake o Hainan (e kiia nei i muri nei ko ngā "Whakaritenga") i te 1 o Oketopa, 2023.
"Kāore e wehewehe i waenga i ngā mahi hokomaha me ngā mahi hokohoko o ngā patupatu, e whakaiti ana i te utu o te whakamahinga patupatu, ā, e kore e whakatau i ngā umanga hokomaha me ngā kaiwhakahaere hokohoko o ngā patupatu mā te tuku tono, e whakaiti ana i te utu o te whakahaere patupatu, ā, e whakatinana ana i tētahi pūnaha whakahaere e hangai ana ki te raihana whakahaere patupatu ā-motu..."
Nā tēnei i kawe mai he rongo pai ki te hapori ahuwhenua katoa, nō reira kua mōhiotia, kua whakanuia hoki te tuhinga e te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakahaere patu pepeke. Nā te mea ko te tikanga o tēnei ka wetekina te kaha o te mākete neke atu i te 2 piriona yuan i roto i te mākete patu pepeke o Hainan, ka puta he huringa hou o ngā huringa nui me ngā whai wāhitanga.
Ko ngā "Whakaritenga maha" mai i te putanga 60 o te tau 2017 kua whakawhāitihia ki te 26, ko te āhua o te ture "tapa iti, wairua poto tere", e piri ana ki ngā raruraru e aro ana ki te whakaputa, te kawe, te rokiroki, te whakahaere me te whakamahi i ngā patu pepeke i roto i te tukanga o ngā raruraru nui, me ngā whakatikatika kua arohia.
I roto i ēnei, ko tētahi o ngā tino take ko te whakakorenga o te pūnaha raihana hoko rarahi patu pepeke.
Nō reira, he aha ngā kaupapa matua me ngā kaupapa nui o ngā "ture hou" kua whakatinanahia mō te tata ki te haurua tau, ka arotakehia anō e mātou, kia mārama ake ai ngā kaihanga me ngā kaiwhakahaere patu pepeke ā-rohe i te mākete patu pepeke o Hainan ki ngā ture hou, kia pai ake ai te ārahi me te whakarerekē i ā rātou ake whakatakotoranga me ngā rautaki pakihi, me te hopu i ētahi whai wāhitanga hou i raro i te huringa o te wā.
I whakakorea mana te pūnaha raihana hokomaha patu pepeke
Ko ngā "Whakaritenga Maha" ka whakatakoto paerewa mō ngā ture whakataetae tika o ngā tauranga hokohoko kore utu, ka whakarerekē i te pūnaha whakahaere patu pepeke taketake, ka whakahaere i ngā whanonga pakihi ture kore mai i te pūtake, ā, ka whakarite i te whai wāhi tika o ngā kaitākaro mākete patu pepeke ki te whakataetae.
Ko te tuatahi ko te whakakore i te pūnaha raihana hoko patupatu rarahi, te kore e wehewehe i waenga i ngā mahi hoko patupatu rarahi me ngā mahi hokohoko, me te whakaiti i te utu o te whakamahinga patupatu. Nō reira, kāore e whakatauhia ngā umanga hoko patupatu rarahi me ngā kaiwhakahaere hokohoko patupatu mā te tuku tono, kia whakaitihia ai ngā utu whakahaere o ngā patupatu.
Ko te tuarua ko te whakatinana i tētahi pūnaha whakahaere e hono ana ki te raihana pakihi patu pepeke ā-motu, ā, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere patu pepeke whai tohu te tono tika ki ngā tari ahuwhenua me ngā tari taiwhenua whai mana o ngā kāwanatanga ā-iwi o ngā tāone, ngā kaunihera me ngā kaunihera motuhake kei reira ā rātou mahi mō ngā raihana pakihi patu pepeke.
Ina hoki, i te tau 1997, ko te Porowini o Hainan te tuatahi o te motu ki te whakatinana i te pūnaha raihana patu pepeke me te whakatuwhera i te mākete patu pepeke, ā, i te tau 2005, i whakaputaina te "He maha ngā Ture mō te Whakahaere i ngā Patu Pepeke i te Rohe Ōhanga Motuhake o Hainan", i whakapūmau i tēnei whakahoutanga i roto i te ahua o ngā ture.
I te marama o Hūrae 2010, i whakapuakina e te Huihuinga Iwi o Hainan te "He maha ngā Ture mō te Whakahaere i ngā Pesticides i te Rohe Ōhanga Motuhake o Hainan", e whakatū ana i te pūnaha raihana hoko pesticides i te Porowini o Hainan. I te marama o Āperira 2011, i whakaputahia e te kāwanatanga o Hainan te "Ngā Tikanga mō te Whakahaere i te Raihana Pakihi Hokohoko me te Hokohoko Pesticides i te Porowini o Hainan", e kī ana i te tau 2013, e 2-3 noa iho ngā umanga hoko pesticides i te porowini o Hainan, ia umanga he nui ake i te 100 miriona yuan te whakapaipai rēhita; 18 ngā pokapū tohatoha rohe o te porowini; E 205 ngā umanga hokohoko, 1 i ia tāone, me te whakapaipai rēhita kāore i te iti iho i te 1 miriona yuan, ā, ka taea e ngā tāone me ngā kaunihera te hanga i ngā whakarerekētanga e tika ana kia rite ki te āhua o te whanaketanga ahuwhenua, te whakatakotoranga o ngā pāmu a te kāwanatanga me ngā āhuatanga o te haereere. I te tau 2012, i tukuna e Hainan te puranga tuatahi o ngā raihana hokohoko patu pepeke, he tohu tēnei i te ahunga whakamua nui i roto i te whakahoutanga o te pūnaha whakahaere patu pepeke i Hainan, ā, ko te tikanga ka taea anake e ngā kaihanga te hoko hua patu pepeke i Hainan mā te mahi tahi me ngā kaihokohoko rarahi e karangatia ana kia tuku tono e te kāwanatanga.
Mā ngā "Whakaritenga Maha" ka whakapai ake i te tikanga whakahaere patu pepeke, ka whakakorea te pūnaha raihana hoko patu pepeke rarawe, ka mutu te wehewehe i waenga i ngā mahi hoko patu pepeke rarawe me ngā mahi hokohoko, ka whakaitihia te utu o te whakamahinga patu pepeke, ā, ka mutu ...
I mea ngā kaimahi o te tari e tika ana o te Tari Ahuwhenua me ngā Take Taiwhenua o Hainan: Ko te tikanga o tēnei ka rite te kaupapa here patu pepeke i Hainan ki te paerewa ā-motu, kāore he rerekētanga i waenga i te hoko rarahi me te hoko hokohoko, ā, kāore he take ki te tāpiri tapanga; Ko te whakakorenga o te pūnaha raihana hoko patu pepeke rarahi ko te tikanga he nui ake te waatea o ngā hua patu pepeke ki te tomo ki te moutere, mena ka tutuki ngā hua i ngā whakaritenga me te tukanga, kāore he take ki te tuhi me te whakaae i te moutere.
I te 25 o Poutū-te-rangi, i whakatau te Kāwanatanga o te Porowini o Hainan ki te whakakore i ngā "Kaupapa Whakahaere Raihana Pakihi Hokohoko me te Hokohoko Pesticide mō te Rohe Ōhanga Motuhake o Hainan" (Qiongfu [2017] Nama 25), ko te tikanga, ā muri ake nei, ka taea e ngā umanga o te tuawhenua te mahi tahi me ngā umanga o te moutere i runga anō i ngā ture, ā, ka nui ake ngā kōwhiringa a ngā kaihanga me ngā kaiwhakahaere pesticide.
E ai ki ngā puna kōrero a te umanga, whai muri i te whakakorenga mana o te pūnaha raihana hoko rarahi patu pepeke, ka nui ake ngā umanga ka uru mai ki Hainan, ka whakaitihia ngā utu hua e rite ana, ā, ka nui ake ngā kōwhiringa ka pai mō ngā kaiwhakatipu hua me ngā huawhenua o Hainan.
He whai hua ngā patupatu koiora
E mea ana te Ture 4 o ngā Whakaritenga, me tuku e ngā kāwanatanga ā-iwi i te taumata o te kawanatanga, i runga ake rānei, ngā whakatenatena me ngā tautoko ki te hunga e whakamahi ana i ngā patupatu haumaru me te whai hua, e whakamahi ana rānei i ngā hangarau koiora, ā-tinana me ētahi atu hangarau hei ārai me te whakahaere i ngā mate me ngā pepeke. Me whakatenatena i ngā kaihanga me ngā kaiwhakahaere patupatu, ngā whare rangahau pūtaiao ahuwhenua, ngā kāreti me ngā whare wānanga ngaio, ngā whakahaere ratonga whakahaere mate me ngā pepeke motuhake, ngā rōpū ngaio me ngā hangarau ahuwhenua me ētahi atu whakahaere pāpori ki te whakarato whakangungu hangarau, aratohu me ngā ratonga mō ngā kaiwhakamahi patupatu.
Ko te tikanga tēnei he pai te hua o ngā patupatu koiora i te mākete Hainan.
I tēnei wā, ko ngā patupatu koiora te nuinga e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hua hokohoko e tohuhia ana e ngā hua me ngā huawhenua, ā, he kawanatanga nui a Hainan me ngā rauemi hua me ngā huawhenua whai rawa i Haina.
E ai ki te Pānui Tatauranga o te Whanaketanga Ōhanga me te Hapori ā-Motu o te Porowini o Hainan i te tau 2023, i te tau 2022, ko te rohe hauhake o ngā huawhenua (tae atu ki ngā merengi huawhenua) i te Porowini o Hainan ka 4.017 miriona mu, ā, ko te putanga ka 6.0543 miriona tana; ko te rohe hauhake hua ko 3.2630 miriona mu, ā, ko te putanga he 5.6347 miriona tana.
I ngā tau tata nei, kua piki haere te kino o ngā pepeke ātete, pērā i te thrips, te aphids, te pepeke unahi me te whiteflies, i ia tau, ā, he nui te āhuatanga whakahaere. I raro i te papamuri o te whakaiti i te tono pesticides me te whakanui ake i te whai huatanga me te whanaketanga ahuwhenua matomato, kua whakatinanahia e Hainan te ariā o te "aukati me te whakahaere matomato". Mā te whakakotahitanga o ngā patupatu koiora me ngā patupatu matū whai hua me te iti te paitini, kua whakauruhia e Hainan ngā tikanga ārai me te whakahaere o te hangarau whakahaere mate tinana me te pest, te hangarau ārai mate i puta mai i ngā tipu, te hangarau whakahaere patupatu koiora me te hangarau whakahaere patupatu matū whai hua me te iti te paitini. Ka taea e ia te whakaroa i te wā ārai me te whakahaere me te whakaiti i te auau o te tono, kia tutuki ai te kaupapa o te whakaiti i te nui o ngā patupatu matū me te whakapai ake i te kounga o ngā hua.
Hei tauira, mō te whakahaere i ngā thrips ātete ki te kau pīni, e taunaki ana te tari patupatu Hainan kia whakamahia e ngā kaimahi pāmu te wai Metaria anisopliae 1000 ngā wā, me te tote Metaria 5.7% 2000 ngā wā, hei tāpiri atu ki te patupatu me te whakanui ake i te patu hua manu, te patu pakeke me te patu hua manu i te wā kotahi, kia roa ake ai te pānga whakahaere me te whakaiti i te auau o te tono.
Ka taea te matapae he whānuitia ngā whai wāhitanga mō te whakatairanga me te tono o ngā patupatu koiora i roto i te mākete hua me te huawhenua o Hainan.
Ka tino tirotirohia te hanga me te whakamahinga o ngā patu pepeke kua rāhuitia.
Nā ngā raruraru ā-rohe, he kaha ake ngā here mō ngā patupatu i Hainan i ērā o te tuawhenua. I te 4 o Poutū-te-rangi, 2021, i whakaputa te Tari Ahuwhenua me ngā Take Taiwhenua o Hainan i te "Rārangi o ngā Whakaputa, te Kawe, te Rokiroki, te Hoko me te Whakamahinga o ngā Patupatu i te Rohe Ōhanga Motuhake o Hainan" (putanga whakahoutia i te tau 2021). I roto i te Pānuitanga i whakarārangihia e 73 ngā patupatu i āraihia, e whitu te nui ake i te rārangi o ngā patupatu i āraihia i hangaia e te Manatū Ahuwhenua me ngā Take Taiwhenua. I roto i ēnei, ko te hoko me te whakamahi i te fenvalerate, butyryl hydrazine (bijo), chlorpyrifos, triazophos, flufenamide kua tino āraihia.
E ai ki te Ture 3 o ngā Whakaritenga, ka rāhuitia te hanga, te kawe, te rokiroki, te whakahaere me te whakamahi i ngā patu pepeke kei roto ngā matū tino paitini me ngā matū tino paitini i roto i te Rohe Ōhanga Motuhake o Hainan. Mēnā he mea tika kia hangaia, kia whakamahia rānei ngā patu pepeke kei roto ngā matū tino paitini, ngā matū tino paitini rānei nā runga i ngā hiahia motuhake, me whiwhi whakaaetanga mai i te tari ahuwhenua me ngā take taiwhenua whai mana o te kāwanatanga iwi ā-rohe; mēnā me whiwhi whakaaetanga mai i te tari ahuwhenua me ngā take taiwhenua whai mana o te Kaunihera ā-Motu e ai ki te ture, me whai i ngā whakaritenga o aua whakaritenga. Me whakaputa e te tari ahuwhenua me ngā take taiwhenua whai mana o te kāwanatanga iwi ā-rohe ki te marea, me tā me te tohatoha i te rārangi ingoa o ngā momo patu pepeke me te whānuitanga o te whakamahinga e whakatairangahia ana, e herea ana, e rāhuitia ana e te Kāwanatanga me ngā rohe ōhanga motuhake te hanga, te whakahaere me te whakamahi i ngā patu pepeke, ā, me whakairi ki ngā wāhi mahi patu pepeke me ngā tari o te Komiti iwi o te kāinga (kainoho). Ara, i roto i tēnei wāhanga o te rārangi whakamahinga rāhuitia, kei raro tonu i te Rohe Motuhake o Hainan.
Kāore he herekoretanga tuturu, he pai ake te pūnaha hokohoko patu pepeke tuihono.
Ko te whakakorenga o te pūnaha raihana hoko nui o ngā patupatu he tikanga kore utu te hoko me te whakahaere i ngā patupatu o te moutere, engari ehara te herekore i te herekore mutunga kore.
Ko te Ture 8 o "Ngā Whakaritenga Maha" e whakapai ake ana i te pūnaha whakahaere rongoā kia urutau ai ki te āhuatanga hou, ki ngā whakatakotoranga hou me ngā whakaritenga hou i roto i te ao o te tohatoha patupatu. Tuatahi, ko te whakatinanatanga o te pukapuka kaute hiko, me whakatū e ngā kaihanga me ngā kaiwhakahaere patupatu he pukapuka kaute hiko mā te tūāpapa whakahaere mōhiohio patupatu, he rekoata katoa me te pono o ngā mōhiohio hoko me te hoko patupatu, kia taea ai te whai i te pūtake me te ūnga o ngā patupatu. Ko te tuarua ko te whakatū me te whakapai ake i te pūnaha hoko me te hoko patupatu ipurangi, me te whakamārama kia tutuki ngā hoko patupatu ipurangi i ngā whakaritenga e tika ana mō te whakahaere patupatu. Ko te tuatoru ko te whakamārama i te tari arotake o te pānuitanga patupatu, me te whakarite kia arotakehia te pānuitanga patupatu e ngā mana whakahaere ahuwhenua me te taiwhenua ā-rohe, ā-rohe me te ā-motuhake ā-rohe i mua i te tukunga, ā, kaua e tukuna me te kore he arotake.
He tauira hou te hokohoko ipurangi patu pepeke
I mua i te tukunga o "Ētahi Whakaritenga", kāore e taea te hokohoko rarahi i ngā hua patupatu katoa e uru ana ki Hainan, ā, kāore hoki e taea te whakahua i te hokohoko ipurangi patupatu.
Heoi, e tohu ana te Ture 10 o ngā "Whakaritenga Maha" me whiwhi raihana pakihi patu pepeke te hunga e mahi ana i ngā mahi pakihi patu pepeke mā te Ipurangi me ētahi atu whatunga mōhiohio i runga anō i te ture, ā, me haere tonu te whakaputa i ā rātou raihana pakihi, raihana pakihi patu pepeke me ētahi atu mōhiohio tūturu e pā ana ki ngā mahi pakihi ki tētahi tūranga nui i te whārangi kāinga o tā rātou paetukutuku, i te whārangi matua rānei o ā rātou mahi pakihi. Me whakahou ake i te wā tika.
Ko te tikanga hoki o tēnei, kua huaki ake te āhuatanga i te hokohoko ipurangi mō ngā patu pepeke, i aukatia rawatia i mua, ā, ka taea te uru atu ki te mākete Hainan i muri i te 1 o Oketopa, 2023. Heoi, me mōhio anō hoki ko ngā "Whakaritenga Maha" e kī ana me whakarato ngā waeine me ngā tāngata takitahi e hoko patu pepeke ana mā te Ipurangi i ngā mōhiohio hoko pono me te whai hua. Engari kāore he aha, nā te mea i tēnei wā, ko ngā taha e rua o te tauwhitinga o te tūāpapa hokohoko ipurangi e tika ana he rēhitatanga ingoa tūturu, he rēhitatanga rānei.
Me mahi pai ngā kaiwhakarato ahuwhenua i roto i te whakawhiti hangarau
Whai muri i te whakatinanatanga o "Ētahi Whakaritenga" i te 1 o Oketopa, 2023, ko te tikanga kua whakatinanahia e te mākete patu pepeke i Hainan tētahi pūnaha whakahaere e hono ana ki te raihana pakihi patu pepeke ā-motu, arā, he mākete kotahi. I te taha o te whakakorenga mana o "Ngā Mahi Whakahaere Raihana Pakihi Pesticide Rahi me te Hokohoko mō te Rohe Ōhanga Motuhake o Hainan", ko te tikanga i raro i te mākete nui kotahi, ka nui ake te whakatau i te utu o ngā patu pepeke i Hainan e te mākete.
Kāore e kore, me te whanaketanga o ngā huringa, ka tere haere tonu te whakarerekētanga o te mākete patu pepeke i Hainan, ka taka ki roto i ngā rahinga o roto: ngā hongere rahinga, ngā utu rahinga, ngā ratonga rahinga.
I kī ngā tāngata o roto i te umanga, i muri i te pakaru o te tauira "8 te katoa", ka piki haere te maha o ngā kaihokohoko patu pepeke me ngā toa hokohoko i Hainan, ka kanorau haere ngā puna hoko, ā, ka heke te utu hoko; Ka piki ake hoki te maha o ngā hua me ngā whakatakotoranga hua, ā, ka piki ake te wāhi whiriwhiri mō ngā kaihokohoko iti me te rahi, ngā kaihokohoko, me ngā kaimahi pāmu ki te hoko hua patu pepeke, ā, ka heke te utu o ngā rongoā mō ngā kaimahi pāmu. Ka kaha ake te whakataetae a ngā kaihoko, ka tūtaki ki te whakakorenga, ki te whakarerekētanga rānei; Ka poto ake ngā hongere hoko ahuwhenua, ka taea e ngā kaihanga te toro tika atu ki te taunga/kaipāmu i tua atu i te kaihokohoko; Ko te tikanga, ka nui ake te wera o te whakataetae mākete, ka kaha ake te pakanga utu. Ina koa mō ngā kaituku me ngā kaihokohoko i Hainan, me neke te whakataetae matua mai i ngā rauemi hua ki te ahunga o ngā ratonga hangarau, mai i te hoko hua i roto i te toa ki te hoko hangarau me ngā ratonga i te mara, ā, he ia e kore e taea te karo te huri hei kaiwhakarato ratonga hangarau.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-22-2024