Ko te hekenga o te taumahatanga o te malaria i Côte d'Ivoire i ngā rā tata nei, he mea nui nā te whakamahinga o ngā kupenga patu pepeke roa-roa (LIN). Heoi, kei te mōrearea tēnei ahunga whakamua nā te ātete ki ngā patu pepeke, ngā huringa whanonga i roto i ngā taupori Anopheles gambiae, me te horapa o te malaria toenga, e hiahiatia ana he taputapu tāpiri. Nō reira, ko te whāinga o tēnei rangahau he aromatawai i te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga ngātahi o te LLIN me te Bacillus thuringiensis (Bti) me te whakarite ki te LLIN.
I whakahaerehia te rangahau mai i te marama o Poutū-te-rangi 2019 ki Pēpuere 2020 puta noa i ngā peka rangahau e rua (te peka LLIN + Bti me te peka LLIN anake) i te rohe hauora o Korhogo i te raki o Côte d'Ivoire. I roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti, i rongoatia ngā nohoanga torongū o Anopheles ki te Bti i ia rua wiki hei tāpiri atu ki te LLIN. I kohia ngā torongū me ngā namu pakeke, ā, i tautuhia ā-tinana ki te ira me te momo mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga paerewa. Mema Ann. I whakatauhia te matatini o Gambian mā te whakamahi i te hangarau tauhohenga mekameka polymerase. Te pangia e te Plasmodium An. I aromatawaihia hoki te auau o te malaria i Gambia me te taupori o te rohe.
I te nuinga, he iti ake te kiato torongū o Anopheles spp. i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti i whakaritea ki te rōpū LLIN anake 0.61 [95% CI 0.41–0.81] torongū/ruku (l/ruku) 3.97 [95% CI 3.56–4 .38] l/ruku (RR = 6.50; 95% CI 5.81–7.29 P < 0.001). Te tere ngau whānui o An. Ko te auau o ngā ngau a S. gambiae he 0.59 [95% CI 0.43–0.75] ia tangata/pō i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti anake, i whakaritea ki te 2.97 [95% CI 2.02–3.93] ngau ia tangata/pō i roto i te rōpū LLIN anake (P < 0.001). Ko te Anopheles gambiae sl te waeroa Anopheles e kiia ana ko te waeroa Anopheles. Anopheles gambiae (ss) (95.1%; n = 293), ā, whai muri ko Anopheles gambiae (4.9%; n = 15). Ko te taupū toto tangata i te rohe rangahau he 80.5% (n = 389). Ko te EIR mō te rōpū LLIN + Bti he 1.36 ngau i pangia e te mate ia tangata ia tau (ib/p/y), ko te EIR ia mō te rōpū LLIN anake he 47.71 ib/p/y. I heke tere te maha o ngā mate malaria mai i te 291.8‰ (n = 765) ki te 111.4‰ (n = 292) i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti (P < 0.001).
Nā te whakakotahitanga o LLIN me Bti i tino whakaiti i te maha o ngā mate malaria. Tērā pea he huarahi whai hua te whakakotahitanga o LLIN me Bti hei whakahaere i te mate malaria. Kāore he mate malaria i Gambia.
Ahakoa te ahunga whakamua o te whakahaere i te malaria i ngā tekau tau kua pahure ake nei, ko te taumahatanga o te malaria he raruraru nui tonu i Awherika ki te tonga o te Sahara [1]. Nō nā tata nei i pūrongo te Whakahaere Hauora o te Ao (WHO) e 249 miriona ngā take malaria me te 608,000 ngā mate e pā ana ki te malaria puta noa i te ao i te tau 2023 [2]. Ko te Rohe Āwherika o te WHO te take o te 95% o ngā take malaria o te ao me te 96% o ngā mate malaria, ko ngā wāhine hapu me ngā tamariki kei raro iho i te 5 tau te pakeke te hunga tino pāngia [2, 3].
He mahi nui tā ngā kupenga patu pepeke roa (LLIN) me te rehu toenga o roto (IRS) ki te whakaiti i te taumahatanga o te malaria i Āwherika [4]. Nā te whānui ake o ēnei taputapu whakahaere kawe malaria i hua ake ai te hekenga o te maha o ngā mate malaria mā te 37% me te hekenga o te mate mā te 60% i waenga i te tau 2000 me te 2015 [5]. Heoi, ko ngā ia i kitea mai i te tau 2015 kua mutu, kua tere haere rānei, ā, kei te teitei tonu ngā mate malaria, inā koa i Āwherika ki te tonga o te Sahara [3]. He maha ngā rangahau kua tautuhia te putanga mai me te horapa o te ātete i waenga i ngā kawe malaria nui o Anopheles ki ngā patu pepeke e whakamahia ana i roto i te hauora tūmatanui hei arai ki te whai huatanga o te LLIN me te IRS ā muri ake nei [6,7,8]. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā huringa o te whanonga ngau a ngā kawe i waho me te pō wawe ake te take o te tuku malaria toenga, ā, he āwangawanga kei te tipu haere [9, 10]. Ko ngā herenga o te LLIN me te IRS ki te whakahaere i ngā kawe e kawenga ana mō te tuku toenga he herenga nui o ngā mahi whakakore malaria o nāianei [11]. Hei tāpiritanga, ko te pumau o te malaria e whakamāramahia ana e ngā āhuatanga o te rangi me ngā mahi a te tangata, e whai wāhi ana ki te hanganga o te nohoanga o ngā torongū [12].
Ko te whakahaere pūtake torongū (LSM) he huarahi whakaputa uri e ahu mai ana i ngā wāhi whakaputa uri e whai ana ki te whakaiti i te maha o ngā wāhi whakaputa uri me te maha o ngā torongū namu me ngā pūngāwerewere kei roto i a rātou [13]. Kua tūtohutia te LSM e ētahi rangahau hei rautaki whakauru atu mō te whakahaere i ngā kawe uri malaria [14, 15]. Inaa, ko te whai huatanga o te LSM he painga rua ki ngā ngau o ngā momo kawe uri malaria i roto, i waho hoki [4]. Hei tāpiri, ko te whakahaere i ngā kawe uri me ngā LSM e ahu mai ana i ngā patu torongū pērā i te Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) ka taea te whakawhānui ake i te whānuitanga o ngā kōwhiringa whakahaere malaria. I ngā wā o mua, he mahi nui tā te LSM i roto i te whakahaere angitu o te malaria i te United States, Brazil, Egypt, Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia me Zambia [16,17,18]. Ahakoa he mahi nui tā te LSM i roto i te whakahaere pepeke whakauru i ētahi whenua kua whakakore i te malaria, kāore anō kia whakauruhia whānuitia te LSM ki roto i ngā kaupapa here me ngā mahi whakahaere i ngā kawe uri malaria i Awherika, ā, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā kaupapa whakahaere i ngā kawe uri i ētahi whenua o te tonga o Sahara anake. ngā whenua [14,15,16,17,18,19]. Ko tētahi take mō tēnei ko te whakapono whānui he maha rawa ngā wāhi whakaputa uri, ā, he uaua ki te kimi, ka nui rawa te utu mō te whakatinana i te LSM [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14]. Nō reira, kua roa te tūtohu a te World Health Organization kia arotahi ngā rauemi kua kohikohia mō te whakahaere i ngā mate malaria ki te LLIN me te IRS [20, 21]. Nō te tau 2012 ka tūtohu te World Health Organization kia whakauruhia te LSM, inā koa ngā wawaotanga Bti, hei tāpiritanga ki te LLIN me te IRS i ētahi wāhi i Awherika ki te tonga o te Sahara [20]. Mai i te wā i tūtohu ai te WHO i tēnei tūtohutanga, kua mahia ētahi rangahau whakamātautau mō te whaihua, te whai huatanga me te utu o ngā patu moroiti koiora i Awherika ki te tonga o te Sahara, e whakaatu ana i te whai huatanga o te LSM ki te whakaiti i te kiato o ngā waeroa Anopheles me te whai huatanga o te tuku malaria i runga i te [22, 23]. , 24].
Kei roto a Côte d'Ivoire i ngā whenua 15 he nui rawa te mate malaria o te ao [25]. Ko te horapa o te malaria i Côte d'Ivoire e tohu ana i te 3.0% o te mate malaria o te ao, me te whakatau tata i te maha o ngā mate me te maha o ngā keehi mai i te 300 ki te neke atu i te 500 mō ia 1000 tāngata [25]. Ahakoa te roa o te wā maroke mai i Noema ki Mei, ka horapa te malaria puta noa i te tau i te rohe savanna raki o te whenua [26]. Ko te horapa o te malaria i tēnei rohe e pā ana ki te noho mai o te tini o ngā kaikawe Plasmodium falciparum kāore he tohu [27]. I tēnei rohe, ko te kaikawe malaria tino noa ko Anopheles gambiae (SL). Haumarutanga ā-rohe. Ko ngā waeroa Anopheles gambiae ko Anopheles gambiae (SS), he tino ātete ki ngā patu pepeke, nō reira he nui te mōrearea o te horapa o te malaria toenga [26]. Ko te whakamahinga o te LLIN he iti noa te pānga ki te whakaiti i te horapa o te malaria nā te ātete o ngā patu pepeke o ngā kaikawe ā-rohe, nō reira he wāhi nui tonu te āwangawanga. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau whakamātautau e whakamahi ana i te Bti, i te LLIN rānei, te whai huatanga ki te whakaiti i ngā kikī o ngā namu kawe i te mate namu i te raki o Côte d'Ivoire. Heoi, kāore anō kia arotakehia e ngā rangahau o mua te pānga o ngā whakamahinga maha o te Bti me te LLIN ki te tuku i te malaria me te maha o ngā mate malaria i tēnei rohe. Nō reira, ko te whāinga o tēnei rangahau he aromatawai i te pānga o te whakamahinga ngātahi o te LLIN me te Bti ki te tuku i te malaria mā te whakataurite i te rōpū LLIN + Bti me te rōpū LLIN anake i roto i ngā kāinga e whā i te rohe raki o Côte d'Ivoire. I whakapaetia ko te whakatinanatanga o te LSM e hangai ana ki te Bti i runga i te LLIN ka tāpiri uara mā te whakaiti ake i ngā kikī o ngā namu malaria ki te whakataurite ki te LLIN anake. Ko tēnei huarahi whakauru, e aro ana ki ngā namu Anopheles kāore anō kia pakeke e kawe ana i te Bti me ngā namu Anopheles pakeke e kawe ana i te LLIN, he mea nui pea ki te whakaiti i te tuku malaria i ngā wāhi he nui te horapa o te malaria, pērā i ngā kāinga i te raki o Côte d'Ivoire. Nō reira, ko ngā hua o tēnei rangahau ka āwhina pea ki te whakatau mēnā me whakauru te LSM ki roto i ngā kaupapa whakahaere mate malaria ā-motu (NMCP) i ngā whenua horapa o te tonga o Sahara.
I whakahaerehia tēnei rangahau i roto i ngā kāinga e whā o te tari o Napieldougou (e mōhiotia ana ko Napier) i te rohe hauora o Korhogo i te raki o Côte d'Ivoire (Pikitia 1). Ngā kāinga kei raro i te rangahau: Kakologo (9° 14′ 2″ N, 5° 35′ 22″ E), Kolekakha (9° 17′ 24″ N, 5° 31′ 00″ E .), Lofinekaha (9° 17′ 31″). ) 5° 36′ 24″ N) me Nambatiurkaha (9° 18′ 36″ N, 5° 31′ 22″ E). Ko te taupori o Napierledougou i te tau 2021 i whakatauhia he 31,000 tāngata, ā, e 53 ngā kāinga o te kawanatanga me ngā pokapū hauora e rua [28]. I te kawanatanga o Napyeledougou, ko te malaria te tino take o ngā haerenga hauora, ngā whakaurunga hōhipera me ngā mate, ko te LLIN anake e whakamahia ana hei whakahaere i ngā kaikawe Anopheles [29]. Ko ngā kāinga e whā o ngā rōpū rangahau e rua e whakaratohia ana e te pokapū hauora kotahi, ā, i arotakehia ā rātou rekoata haumanu mō ngā take malaria i roto i tēnei rangahau.
Mahere o Côte d'Ivoire e whakaatu ana i te rohe rangahau. (Puna mahere me te pūmanawa: raraunga GADM me ArcMap 10.6.1. Kupenga patu pepeke roa LLIN, Bti Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis
Ko te horapa o te mate malaria i roto i te taupori whāinga o te Pokapū Hauora o Napier i eke ki te 82.0% (2038 ngā take) (ngā raraunga i mua i te Bti). I roto i ngā kāinga e whā, ko te PermaNet® 2.0 LLIN anake te mea e whakamahia ana e ngā whare, i tohaina e te NMCP o Ivorian i te tau 2017, me te kapinga >80% [25, 26, 27, 28, 30]. Nō te rohe o Korhogo ngā kāinga, e mahi ana hei wāhi tirotiro mō te Kaunihera Hōia ā-Motu o Ivorian Coast, ā, e taea ana te uru atu i te tau katoa. He iti rawa te 100 ngā whare o ia kāinga e whā, ā, tata ki te ōrite te taupori, ā, e ai ki te rēhita hauora (he tuhinga mahi a te Manatū Hauora o Ivorian), he maha ngā take o te mate malaria e pūrongohia ana i ia tau. Ko te mate malaria te take matua o te mate malaria, ā, ka tukuna ki te tangata e te Plasmodium. Ka tukuna hoki te gambiae e ngā waeroa Anopheles me Anopheles nili i te rohe [28]. He matatini ā-rohe a An. Ko ngā waeroa Anopheles te nuinga o ngā gambiae. He nui te auau o ngā whakarerekētanga kdr o ngā gambiae ss (awhe auau: 90.70–100%) me te auau taurite o ngā ira ace-1 (awhe auau: 55.56–95%) [29].
Ko te ua me te pāmahana toharite ia tau kei waenga i te 1200 ki te 1400 mm me te 21 ki te 35 °C, ā, ko te haumākū whanaunga (RH) e kiia ana he 58%. He āhuarangi momo Sudanese tēnei rohe rangahau, he wā maroke e 6 marama te roa (Whiringa-ā-rangi ki Āperira) me te wā ua e 6 marama te roa (Mei ki Oketopa). Kei te pāngia te rohe e ētahi o ngā pānga o te huringa āhuarangi, pērā i te ngaronga o ngā tipu me te wā maroke roa ake, e tohuhia ana e te maroke o ngā wai (ngā whenua papaku, ngā pāmu raihi, ngā roto, ngā puna wai) ka taea te noho hei kāinga mō ngā torongū waeroa Anopheles. Ngā waeroa[26].
I whakahaerehia te rangahau i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti, i ahu mai i ngā kāinga o Kakologo me Nambatiurkaha, ā, i roto i te rōpū LLIN anake, i ahu mai i ngā kāinga o Kolekaha me Lofinekaha. I te wā o tēnei rangahau, ko te PermaNet® 2.0 LLIN anake te mea i whakamahia e te iwi o ēnei kāinga katoa.
I arotakehia te whai huatanga o te LLIN (PermaNet 2.0) me te Bti ki ngā waeroa Anopheles me te tuku malaria i roto i tētahi whakamātautau whakahaere matapōkere (RCT) me ngā peka rangahau e rua: te rōpū LLIN + Bti (rōpū maimoatanga) me te rōpū LLIN anake (rōpū whakahaere). Ko ngā ringaringa LLIN + Bti e tohuhia ana e Kakologo me Nambatiourkaha, ko Kolékaha me Lofinékaha i hangaia hei pokohiwi LLIN-anake. I roto i ngā kāinga e whā, kei te whakamahi ngā kainoho o te rohe i te LLIN PermaNet® 2.0 i riro mai i te Ivory Coast NMCP i te tau 2017. E whakaarohia ana he rite tonu ngā tikanga mō te whakamahi i te PermaNet® 2.0 i ngā kāinga rerekē nā te mea i whiwhi rātou i te whatunga i te huarahi kotahi. . I roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti, i rongoatia ngā nohoanga torongū o Anopheles ki te Bti i ia rua wiki hei tāpiri atu ki te LLIN kua whakamahia kētia e te taupori. I rongoatia ngā nohoanga torongū i roto i ngā kāinga me te radius 2 km mai i waenganui o ia kāinga i runga anō i ngā taunakitanga a te World Health Organization me te NMCP o Côte d'Ivoire [31]. He rerekē, ko te rōpū LLIN anake kāore i whiwhi maimoatanga Bti whakamate torongū i te wā o te rangahau.
I whakamahia he momo kirikiri wai-marara o te Bti (Vectobac WG, 37.4% wt; nama rota 88–916-PG; 3000 International Toxicity Units IU/mg; Valent BioScience Corp, USA) i te horopeta o te 0.5 mg/L. . Whakamahia he pūwero peke tuara 16L me te pūwero muka karāhe me te kakau me te pūwero whakarerekē me te tere rere o te 52 ml ia hekona (3.1 L/min). Hei whakarite i tētahi nebulizer kei roto he 10 L o te wai, ko te nui o te Bti i whakaranua ki te whakatārewatanga he 0.5 mg/L × 10 L = 5 mg. Hei tauira, mō tētahi rohe he rere wai hoahoa o te 10 L, mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūwero 10 L hei rongoā i tētahi rōrahi wai, ko te nui o te Bti e hiahia ana kia whakaranua ko 0.5 mg/L × 20 L = 10 mg. I inehia te 10 mg Bti i te mara mā te whakamahi i tētahi tauine hiko. Mā te whakamahi i tētahi spatula, whakaritea he paraoa mā te whakaranu i tēnei nui o te Bti ki roto i tētahi peere 10 rita. I tīpakohia tēnei horopeta i muri i ngā whakamātautau mara mō te whai huatanga o te Bti ki ngā momo instar o Anopheles spp. me Culex spp. i roto i ngā āhuatanga taiao i tētahi rohe rerekē, engari he rite ki te rohe rangahau hou [32]. I tatauhia te tere o te tono o te whakatārewatanga patu pepeke me te roa o te tono mō ia wāhi whakaputa uri i runga i te nui o te wai i te wāhi whakaputa uri [33]. Whakamahia te Bti mā te whakamahi i tētahi rehu ringaringa kua whakatauritea. Ka whakatauritea, ka whakamatautauria ngā nebulizer i roto i ngā mahi takitahi me ngā wāhi rerekē hei whakarite kia tika te nui o te Bti e tukuna ana.
Hei kimi i te wā pai rawa atu hei rongoā i ngā wāhi whakaputa uri torongū, i tautuhia e te tīma te rehu matapihi. Ko te matapihi rehu te wā e whakamahia ai tētahi hua hei whakatutuki i te whai huatanga tino pai: i roto i tēnei rangahau, i waenga i te 12 hāora ki te 2 wiki te roa o te rehu, i runga i te pumau o te Bti. Te āhua nei, ko te mimiti o te Bti e ngā torongū i te wāhi whakaputa uri me whai wā mai i te 7:00 ki te 6:00 i te ahiahi. Mā tēnei, ka taea te karo i ngā wā ua nui ina mutu te rehu i te ua, ā, ka tīmata anō i te rā e whai ake nei mēnā ka pai te rangi. Ko ngā rā rehu me ngā rā me ngā wā tika e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā āhuatanga o te rangi e kitea ana. Hei whakataurite i ngā rehu peketua mō te tere tono Bti e hiahiatia ana, ka whakangungua ia tohunga hangarau ki te tirotiro ā-kanohi me te whakatakoto i te pūwero rehu me te pupuri i te pēhanga. Ka oti te whakataurite mā te manatoko kei te whakamahia te nui tika o te maimoatanga Bti kia ōrite mō ia wāhi. Whakaorahia te nohoanga torongū i ia rua wiki. Ka mahia ngā mahi patu torongū me te tautoko a ētahi tohunga mātau e whā kua whakangungua pai. Ka tirotirohia ngā mahi patu torongū me ngā kaiuru e ngā kaiwhakahaere mātau. I tīmata te maimoatanga patu torongū i te marama o Poutū-te-rangi 2019 i te wā maroke. Ina hoki, i whakaatuhia e tētahi rangahau o mua ko te wā maroke te wā tino pai mō te wawaotanga whakamate pepeke nā te pumau o ngā wāhi whakaputa uri me te hekenga o tō rātou maha [27]. Ko te whakahaere i ngā pepeke i te wā maroke e matapaetia ana ka ārai i te kukume mai o ngā waeroa i te wā ua. E rua (02) kirokaramu o te Bti, he US$99.29 te utu, ka taea e te rōpū rangahau e whiwhi maimoatanga ana te kapi i ngā rohe katoa. I roto i te rōpū LLIN+Bti, i roa te wawaotanga whakamate pepeke mō te tau katoa, mai i Maehe 2019 ki Pēpuere 2020. E 22 ngā kēhi katoa o te maimoatanga whakamate pepeke i puta i roto i te rōpū LLIN+Bti.
I aroturukitia ngā pānga taha pea (pēnei i te mākati, te whanoke, te ihu pupuhi rānei) mā roto i ngā rangahau takitahi o ngā nebulizers patu koiora Bti me ngā kainoho o te whare e whai wāhi ana ki te rōpū LIN + Bti.
I whakahaerehia he rangahau ā-whare i waenga i te 400 whare (200 whare mō ia rōpū rangahau) hei whakatau tata i te ōrau o te whakamahinga LLIN i waenga i te taupori. I te wā e rangahau ana i ngā whare, ka whakamahia he tikanga pātai tauanga. I wehea te horapa o te whakamahinga LLIN ki ngā rōpū tau e toru: 15 tau. I whakaotihia te pātai, ā, i whakamāramahia i te reo Senoufo ā-rohe ki te upoko o te whare, ki tētahi atu pakeke neke atu i te 18 tau te pakeke.
I tatauhia te rahi iti rawa o te whare i rangahautia mā te whakamahi i te tātai i whakaahuahia e Vaughan rāua ko Morrow [34].
Ko n te rahi o te tauira, ko e te tawhā hapa, ko t te tauwehenga haumaru i ahu mai i te taumata whakapono, ā, ko p te ōwehenga o ngā mātua o te taupori me te huanga kua hoatu. He uara ōrite ia huānga o te haurua, nō reira (t) = 1.96; Ko te rahi iti rawa o te whare i tēnei āhuatanga i roto i te rangahau he 384 ngā whare.
I mua i te whakamātautau o nāianei, i tautuhia, i tangohia he tauira, i whakaahuatia, i tohua he tohu whenua, ā, i tapaina hoki ngā momo nohoanga rerekē mō ngā torongū Anopheles i roto i ngā rōpū LLIN+Bti me LLIN. Whakamahia he rīpene ine hei ine i te rahi o te koroni kōhanga. I aromatawaihia ngā kiato o ngā torongū namu ia marama mō ngā marama 12 i ngā wāhi whakatipuranga 30 i tīpakohia matapōkeretia mō ia kāinga, kia 60 katoa ngā wāhi whakatipuranga mō ia rōpū rangahau. 12 ngā tauira torongū mō ia rohe rangahau, e rite ana ki te 22 maimoatanga Bti. Ko te kaupapa o te whiriwhiri i ēnei wāhi whakatipuranga 30 mō ia kāinga he hopu i te maha o ngā wāhi kohikohi torongū puta noa i ngā kāinga me ngā wāhanga rangahau hei whakaiti i te whakaaro pōhēhē. I kohia ngā torongū mā te tuku ki te pūnu 60 ml [35]. Nā te mea he tino iti, he pāpaku hoki ētahi wāhi whakatipuranga, me whakamahi he peere iti ehara i te peere WHO paerewa (350 ml). E 5, 10, 20 rānei ngā ruku katoa i mahia mai i ngā wāhi kōhanga me te porowhita o te 10 m, ia. I mahia te tautuhi āhua o ngā torongū i kohia (hei tauira, ko Anopheles, ko Culex me Aedes) i te mara [36]. I wehea ngā torongū i kohia kia rua ngā wāhanga i runga i te wāhanga whanaketanga: ngā torongū tīmatanga (ngā wāhanga 1 me te 2) me ngā torongū tīmatanga mutunga (ngā wāhanga 3 me te 4) [37]. I tatauhia ngā torongū mā ia ira me ia wāhanga whanaketanga. I muri i te tatau, ka whakahokia ngā torongū namu ki ō rātou wāhi whakaputa uri, ā, ka whakakīia ki tō rātou rahinga taketake me te wai puna me te wai ua.
I kiia he wāhi whakaputa uri pai mēnā he iti rawa i te kotahi torongū, he pupa rānei o tētahi momo waeroa. I whakatauhia te mātotoru torongū mā te wehewehe i te maha o ngā torongū o te momo kotahi mā te maha o ngā ruku.
E rua ngā rā karapīpiti o ia rangahau, ā, i ia rua marama, ka kohia ngā waeroa pakeke mai i ngā whare 10 i whiriwhiria matapōkeretia mai i ia kāinga. I roto i te rangahau, i whakahaerehia e ia tīma rangahau he rangahau tauira o ngā whare 20 mō ngā rā karapīpiti e toru. I hopukina ngā waeroa mā te whakamahi i ngā mahanga matapihi paerewa (WT) me ngā mahanga rehu pyrethrum (PSC) [38, 39]. I te tīmatanga, i tauhia ngā whare katoa o ia kāinga. Kātahi ka whiriwhiria matapōkeretia e whā ngā whare o ia kāinga hei wāhi kohikohinga mō ngā waeroa pakeke. I roto i ia whare i whiriwhiria matapōkeretia, i kohia ngā waeroa mai i te rūma moe matua. He tatau me he matapihi ngā rūma moe kua whiriwhiria, ā, i nohoia i te pō i mua. Ka kati tonu ngā rūma moe i mua i te tīmatanga o te mahi me te wā e kohia ana ngā waeroa hei ārai i te rere a ngā waeroa i waho o te rūma. I tāutahia he WT ki ia matapihi o ia rūma moe hei wāhi tauira waeroa. I te aonga ake, ka kohia ngā waeroa i tomo ki te wāhi mahi mai i ngā rūma moe i waenga i te 06:00 me te 08:00 i te ata. Kohia ngā waeroa mai i tō wāhi mahi mā te whakamahi i tētahi waha ka rongoa ki roto i tētahi kapu pepa whakakorekore kua hipokina ki tētahi wahi mata. Kupenga waeroa. I hopukina tonutia ngā waeroa e takoto ana i roto i te rūma moe kotahi i muri i te kohikohinga WT mā te whakamahi i te PSC pyrethroid. I muri i te hora i ngā whāriki mā ki runga i te papa o te rūma moe, katia ngā tatau me ngā matapihi, ka rehuhia te patu pepeke (ngā matū hohe: 0.25% transfluthrin + 0.20% permethrin). Tata ki te 10 ki te 15 meneti i muri i te rehu, tangohia te whāriki moenga mai i te rūma moe i rongoatia, whakamahia he tweezers hei tango i ngā waeroa kua tau ki runga i ngā whāriki mā, ka rongoa ki roto i tētahi rihi Petri kua whakakiia ki te miro kua rumakina ki te wai. I tuhia hoki te tokomaha o ngā tāngata i moe i roto i ngā rūma moe kua tohua. Ka tere te whakawhiti i ngā waeroa kua kohia ki tētahi taiwhanga kei te papa hei tukatuka atu.
I roto i te taiwhanga, i tautuhia ngā waeroa katoa i kohia kia rite ki te momo me te momo [36]. Ngā ovaries a Anna. gambiae SL mā te whakamahi i tētahi karuārai karu rua me tētahi pata wai kua whakatakotoria ki runga i tētahi kiriata karāhe [35]. I aromatawaihia te tūnga o te whānautanga hei wehewehe i ngā wāhine whānau maha mai i ngā wāhine whānau kāhore anō kia whānau i runga i te āhua o te ovaries me te trachea, tae atu ki te whakatau i te tere momona me te tau ā-tinana [35].
Ka whakatauhia te taupū whanaunga mā te whakamātautau i te pūtake o te paraoa toto hou i kohia. gambiae mā te whakamātautau immunosorbent enzyme-linked (ELISA) mā te whakamahi i te toto mai i te tangata, i ngā kararehe (kau, hipi, koati) me ngā manaaki heihei [40]. I tatauhia te whakaekenga pepeke (EIR) mā te whakamahi i ngā whakatau tata a An. mō ngā wāhine SL i Gambia [41] Hei tāpiri, i whakatauhia te mate An. ki te Plasmodium gambiae mā te tātari i te upoko me te uma o ngā uwha maha-whānau mā te whakamahi i te tikanga circumsporozoite antigen ELISA (CSP ELISA) [40]. Hei whakamutunga, kei reira ngā mema o Ann. I tautuhia te gambiae mā te tātari i ōna waewae, parirau me te puku mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [34].
I riro mai ngā raraunga haumanu mō te malaria mai i te rēhita kōrero haumanu o te Pokapū Hauora o Napyeledugou, e kapi ana i ngā kāinga e whā i whakaurua ki tēnei rangahau (arā, ko Kakologo, ko Kolekaha, ko Lofinekaha me Nambatiurkaha). I arotahi te arotakenga rēhita ki ngā tuhinga mai i Maehe 2018 ki Pēpuere 2019, ā, mai i Maehe 2019 ki Pēpuere 2020. Ko ngā raraunga haumanu mai i Maehe 2018 ki Pēpuere 2019 e tohu ana i ngā raraunga taketake, i mua rānei i te wawaotanga Bti, ko ngā raraunga haumanu mai i Maehe 2019 ki Pēpuere 2020 e tohu ana i ngā raraunga wawaotanga Bti. Ngā raraunga i muri i te wawaotanga Bti. I kohia ngā mōhiohio haumanu, te tau me te kāinga o ia tūroro i roto i ngā rōpū rangahau LLIN+Bti me LLIN ki roto i te rēhita hauora. Mō ia tūroro, i tuhia ngā mōhiohio pēnei i te takenga mai o te kāinga, te tau, te tautuhi mate, me te mate. I roto i ngā take i arotakehia i roto i tēnei rangahau, i whakaūngia te malaria mā te whakamātautau tātaritanga tere (RDT) me/ranei te tirotiro karu malaria i muri i te whakahaerenga o te rongoā whakakotahitanga artemisinin (ACT) e tētahi kaiwhakarato hauora. I wehea ngā kēhi mate malaria ki ngā rōpū tau e toru (arā, 15 tau). I whakatauhia te auau ā-tau o te mate malaria mō ia 1000 tāngata mā te wehewehe i te horapa o te mate malaria mō ia 1000 tāngata mā te taupori o te kāinga.
I whakaurua takiruatia ngā raraunga i kohia i roto i tēnei rangahau ki roto i tētahi pātengi raraunga Microsoft Excel, kātahi ka kawemai ki roto i te pūmanawa tuwhera R [42] putanga 3.6.3 mō te tātari tatauranga. Ka whakamahia te mōkihi ggplot2 hei tuhi kauwhata. I whakamahia ngā tauira rārangi whānui mā te whakamahi i te whakatauira Poisson hei whakatairite i te kiato torongū me te maha toharite o ngā ngau namu mō ia tangata mō ia pō i waenga i ngā rōpū rangahau. I whakamahia ngā inenga ōwehenga whaitake (RR) hei whakatairite i te kiato torongū toharite me ngā tere ngau o ngā namu Culex me Anopheles. I whakanohoia a Gambia SL ki waenga i ngā rōpū rangahau e rua mā te whakamahi i te rōpū LLIN + Bti hei tūāpapa. I whakaatuhia ngā rahi pānga hei ōwehenga ōrite me ngā wā whakawhirinaki 95% (95% CI). I whakamahia te ōwehenga (RR) o te whakamātautau Poisson hei whakatairite i ngā ōwehenga me ngā tere putanga mai o te malaria i mua me muri i te wawaotanga Bti i roto i ia rōpū rangahau. Ko te taumata hiranga i whakamahia ko te 5%.
I whakaaetia te kawa o te rangahau e te Komiti Matatika Rangahau ā-Motu o te Manatū Hauora me te Hauora Tūmatanui o Côte d'Ivoire (N/Ref: 001//MSHP/CNESVS-kp), tae atu ki te rohe hauora ā-rohe me te whakahaere o Korhogo. I mua i te kohikohinga o ngā torongū me ngā pakeke o ngā waeroa, i whiwhi whakaaetanga whai whakaaro kua hainatia mai i ngā kaiuru o te rangahau whare, ngā rangatira, me/ranei ngā kainoho. He ingoakore, he tūmataiti hoki ngā raraunga whānau me ngā raraunga haumanu, ā, e wātea ana ki ngā kairangahau kua tohua anake.
E 1198 ngā wāhi kōhanga i torohia. O ēnei wāhi kōhanga i rangahautia i te rohe rangahau, 52.5% (n = 629) nō te rōpū LLIN + Bti, ā, 47.5% (n = 569) nō te rōpū LLIN anake (RR = 1.10 [95% CI 0 .98–1.24], P = 0.088). I te nuinga o te wā, i whakarōpūtia ngā nohoanga torongū ā-rohe ki ngā momo 12, ko te nuinga o ngā nohoanga torongū ko ngā mara raihi (24.5%, n=294), ā, whai muri ko te rerenga wai awha (21.0%, n=252) me te uku (8.3). %, n = 99), parenga awa (8.2%, n = 100), puna wai (7.2%, n = 86), puna wai (7.0%, n = 84), papu wai o te kāinga (6.8%, n = 81), tapuwae waewae (4.8%, n = 58), repo (4.0%, n = 48), ipu wai (5.2%, n = 62), roto (1.9%, n = 23) me ngā puna (0.9%, n = 11).
I te katoa, i kohia katoatia he 47,274 ngā torongū waeroa mai i te rohe rangahau, me te ōwehenga o te 14.4% (n = 6,796) i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti, ki te whakaritea ki te 85.6% (n = 40,478) i roto i te rōpū LLIN anake ((RR = 5.96) [95% CI 5.80–6.11], P ≤ 0.001). E toru ngā momo waeroa o ēnei torongū, ko te momo matua ko Anopheles. (48.7%, n = 23,041), ā, whai muri ko Culex spp. (35.0%, n = 16,562) me Aedes spp. (4.9%, n = 2340). Ko ngā pūngāwerewere te 11.3% o ngā namu kāore anō kia pakeke (n = 5344).
Te toharite o te mātotoru o ngā torongū o Anopheles spp. I roto i tēnei rangahau, ko te maha o ngā torongū i ia koko he 0.61 [95% CI 0.41–0.81] L/tō i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti me te 3.97 [95% CI 3.56–4.38] L/ruku i roto i te rōpū LLIN anake (whiringa). kōnae 1: Pikitia S1). Te toharite o te mātotoru o Anopheles spp. Ko te rōpū LLIN anake he 6.5 ngā wā teitei ake i te rōpū LLIN + Bti (HR = 6.49; 95% CI 5.80–7.27; P < 0.001). Kāore i kitea he waeroa Anopheles i te wā o te maimoatanga. I kohia ngā torongū i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti mai i te marama o Hānuere, e rite ana ki te maimoatanga Bti rua tekau. I roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti, he hekenga nui te mātotoru o ngā torongū i te wā tōmua me te wā mutunga.
I mua i te tīmatanga o te maimoatanga Bti (Maehe), ko te matotoru toharite o ngā waeroa Anopheles tīmatanga o te tipu i whakatauhia he 1.28 [95% CI 0.22–2.35] L/ruku i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti me te 1.37 [95% CI 0.36–2.36] l/ruku i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti. l/ruku. /ruku anake i te ringa LLIN (Pikitia 2A). I muri i te whakamahinga o te maimoatanga Bti, ko te matotoru toharite o ngā waeroa Anopheles tīmatanga o te rōpū LLIN + Bti i heke haere i te nuinga o te wā mai i te 0.90 [95% CI 0.19–1.61] ki te 0.10 [95% CI – 0.03–0.18] l/ruku. I noho iti tonu ngā matotoru torongū o Anopheles tīmatanga o te tipu i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti. I roto i te rōpū LLIN-anake, he rerekētanga te nui o ngā Anopheles spp. I kitea ngā torongū o te tīmatanga o te tipu me te toharite o ngā kiato mai i te 0.23 [95% CI 0.07–0.54] L/ruku ki te 2.37 [95% CI 1.77–2.98] L/ruku. I te nuinga, ko te toharite o ngā kiato o ngā torongū Anopheles tīmatanga i roto i te rōpū LLIN-anake he teitei ake i te tatauranga i te 1.90 [95% CI 1.70–2.10] L/ruku, ko te toharite o ngā torongū Anopheles tīmatanga i roto i te rōpū LLIN he 0.38 [95% CI 0.28–0.47]) l/ruku. + rōpū Bti (RR = 5.04; 95% CI 4.36–5.85; P < 0.001).
Ngā panonitanga o te matotorutanga toharite o ngā torongū Anopheles. Ngā kupenga waeroa tīmatanga (A) me te mutunga (B) i roto i tētahi rōpū rangahau mai i Maehe 2019 ki Pēpuere 2020 i te rohe o Napier, te raki o Côte d'Ivoire. LLIN: kupenga patu pepeke roa Bti: Bacillus thuringiensis, Iharaira TRT: maimoatanga;
Te matotorutanga toharite o ngā torongū Anopheles spp. i te mutunga o te pakeketanga i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti. Ko te matotorutanga Bti i mua i te maimoatanga he 2.98 [95% CI 0.26–5.60] L/tō, ko te matotorutanga i roto i te rōpū LLIN-anake he 1.46 [95% CI 0.26–2.65] l/rā I muri i te tono Bti, ka heke te matotorutanga o ngā torongū Anopheles o te mutunga o te tipu i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti mai i te 0.22 [95% CI 0.04–0.40] ki te 0.03 [95% CI 0.00–0.06] L/tō (Pikitia 2B). I roto i te rōpū LLIN-anake, i piki ake te mātotoru o ngā torongū Anopheles o muri mai i te 0.35 [95% CI - 0.15-0.76] ki te 2.77 [95% CI 1.13-4.40] l/ruku me ētahi rerekētanga o te mātotoru torongū i runga i te rā tauira. Ko te mātotoru toharite o ngā torongū Anopheles o muri mai i roto i te rōpū LLIN-anake he 2.07 [95% CI 1.84–2.29] L/ruku, e iwa ngā wā teitei ake i te 0.23 [95% CI 0.11–0.36] l/ruku ki roto i te rōpū LLIN. + Bti (RR = 8.80; 95% CI 7.40–10.57; P < 0.001).
Ko ngā uara toharite o te mātotorutanga o ngā Culex spp. he 0.33 [95% CI 0.21–0.45] L/tō i te rōpū LLIN + Bti me te 2.67 [95% CI 2.23–3.10] L/tō i te rōpū LLIN anake (kōnae tāpiri 2: Pikitia S2). Ko te toharite o te mātotorutanga o ngā Culex spp. Ko te rōpū LLIN anake he nui ake i te rōpū LLIN + Bti (HR = 8.00; 95% CI 6.90–9.34; P < 0.001).
Ko te matotorutanga toharite o te puninga Culex Culex spp. I mua i te maimoatanga, ko te Bti l/top he 1.26 [95% CI 0.10–2.42] l/top i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti me te 1.28 [95% CI 0.37–2.36] i roto i te rōpū LLIN anake (Pikitia 3A). I muri i te whakamahinga o te maimoatanga Bti, i heke te matotorutanga o ngā torongū Culex tōmua mai i te 0.07 [95% CI - 0.001–0.] ki te 0.25 [95% CI 0.006–0.51] L/top. Kāore he torongū Culex i kohia mai i ngā nohoanga torongū i rongoatia ki te Bti i te tīmatanga o Tīhema. I whakaitihia te mātotoru o ngā torongū Culex tōmua ki te 0.21 [95% CI 0.14–0.28] L/tō i te rōpū LLIN + Bti, engari he teitei ake i te rōpū LLIN anake i te 1.30 [95% CI 1.10–1.50] l/tōnga/rā. Ko te mātotoru o ngā torongū Culex tōmua i te rōpū LLIN anake e 6 ngā wā teitei ake i te rōpū LLIN + Bti (RR = 6.17; 95% CI 5.11–7.52; P < 0.001).
Ngā panonitanga o te matotorutanga toharite o ngā torongū Culex spp. Ngā whakamātautau mō te wā tōmua (A) me te wā tōmua (B) i roto i tētahi rōpū rangahau mai i Maehe 2019 ki Pēpuere 2020 i te rohe o Napier, te raki o Côte d'Ivoire. Kupenga patu pepeke roa LLIN, Bti Bacillus thuringiensis Iharaira, maimoatanga Trt
I mua i te maimoatanga Bti, ko te matotoru toharite o ngā torongū Culex o te mutunga o te tau i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti me te rōpū LLIN he 0.97 [95% CI 0.09–1.85] me te 1.60 [95% CI – 0.16–3.37] l/ruku (Pikitia 3B)). Ko te matotoru toharite o ngā momo Culex o te mutunga o te tau i muri i te tīmatanga o te maimoatanga Bti. I heke haere te matotoru i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti, ā, he iti iho i tērā i roto i te rōpū LLIN anake, i noho teitei tonu. Ko te matotoru toharite o ngā torongū Culex o te mutunga o te tau he 0.12 [95% CI 0.07–0.15] L/ruku i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti me te 1.36 [95% CI 1.11–1.61] L/ruku i roto i te rōpū anake LLIN. He nui ake te mātotoru toharite o ngā torongū Culex o te tīmatanga o te wā i roto i te rōpū LLIN-anake i tērā i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti (RR = 11.19; 95% CI 8.83–14.43; P < 0.001).
I mua i te maimoatanga Bti, ko te matotoru toharite o ngā pūngāwerewere mō ia pepeke iti he 0.59 [95% CI 0.24–0.94] i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti me te 0.38 [95% CI 0.13–0.63] i roto i te LLIN anake (Pikitia 4). Ko te matotoru whānui o ngā pūngāwerewere he 0.10 [95% CI 0.06–0.14] i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti me te 0.84 [95% CI 0.75–0.92] i roto i te rōpū LLIN anake. Nā te maimoatanga Bti i whakaiti nui te matotoru toharite o ngā pūngāwerewere i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti ki te whakataurite ki te rōpū LLIN anake (OR = 8.30; 95% CI 6.37–11.02; P < 0.001). I roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti, kāore he pūngāwerewere i kohia i muri i te Whiringa-ā-rangi.
Ngā panonitanga o te matotoru toharite o ngā pūngāwerewere. I whakahaerehia te rangahau mai i Maehe 2019 ki Pēpuere 2020 i te rohe o Napier i te raki o Côte d'Ivoire. Kupenga patu pepeke roa LLIN, Bti Bacillus thuringiensis Iharaira, Maimoatanga Trt
I kohia katoatia e 3456 ngā waeroa pakeke mai i te rohe rangahau. Nō ngā momo waeroa 17 o ngā ira e 5 (Anopheles, Culex, Aedes, Eretmapodites) ngā waeroa (Ripanga 1). I roto i ngā kawe malaria, ko An. gambiae sl te momo tino nui me te ōwehenga o te 74.9% (n = 2587), ā, i muri mai ko An. gambiae sl. funestus (2.5%, n = 86) me An kore (0.7%, n = 24). Ko te taonga o Anna. gambiae sl i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti (10.9%, n = 375) he iti iho i te rōpū LLIN anake (64%, n = 2212). Kāore he rangimārie. nli i whakarōpūhia ki te LLIN anake. Heoi, i kitea a An. gambiae me An. funestus i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti me te rōpū LLIN anake.
I roto i ngā rangahau i tīmata i mua i te whakamahinga o te Bti ki te wāhi whakaputa uri (3 marama), ko te toharite whānui o ngā waeroa pō mō ia tangata (b/p/n) i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti i whakatau tata ki te 0.83 [95% CI 0.50–1.17], engari i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti he 0.72 i roto i te rōpū LLIN anake [95% CI 0.41–1.02] (Pikitia 5). I roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti, i heke te kino o te waeroa Culex, ā, i noho iti tonu ahakoa te tihi o te 1.95 [95% CI 1.35–2.54] bpp i te marama o Hepetema i muri i te 12 o ngā whakamahinga Bti. Heoi, i roto i te rōpū LLIN-anake, i piki haere te auau ngau waeroa toharite i mua i te tihi i te marama o Hepetema ki te 11.33 [95% CI 7.15–15.50] bp/n. He iti ake te auau o ngā ngau namu i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti i whakaritea ki te rōpū LLIN anake i tētahi wā o te rangahau (HR = 3.66; 95% CI 3.01–4.49; P < 0.001).
Ngā auau ngau a ngā kararehe waeroa i te rohe rangahau o te rohe o Napier i te raki o Côte d'Ivoire mai i Maehe 2019 ki Pēpuere 2020 LLIN Kupenga patu pepeke roa, Bti Bacillus thuringiensis Iharaira, Maimoatanga Trt, ngau b/p/pō/tangata/pō
Ko Anopheles gambiae te kaikawe malaria tino noa i te rohe rangahau. Te tere ngau o An. I te tīmatanga, ko ngā uara b/p/n o ngā wāhine Gambian he 0.64 [95% CI 0.27–1.00] i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti me te 0.74 [95% CI 0.30–1.17] i roto i te rōpū LLIN anake (Pikitia 6). I te wā wawaotanga Bti, i kitea te mahi ngau teitei rawa atu i te marama o Hepetema, e rite ana ki te tekau mā rua o ngā akoranga maimoatanga Bti, me te tihi o te 1.46 [95% CI 0.87–2.05] b/p/n i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti me te tihi o te 9 .65 [95% CI 0.87–2.05] w/n 5.23–14.07] rōpū LLIN anake. Te tere ngau whānui o An. He iti iho te auau pangia i Gambia i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti (0.59 [95% CI 0.43–0.75] b/p/n) i tērā i roto i te rōpū LLIN anake (2.97 [95% CI 2, 02–3.93] b/p/no). (RR = 3.66; 95% CI 3.01–4.49; P < 0.001).
Te tere o te ngau a Anna. gambiae sl, wāhanga rangahau i te rohe o Napier, te raki o Cote d'Ivoire, mai i Maehe 2019 ki Pēpuere 2020 Kupenga moenga roa-roa i rongoatia ki te patu pepeke LLIN, Bti Bacillus thuringiensis Iharaira, Maimoatanga Trt, ngau b/p/pō/ tangata/pō
Katoa 646 amps. Kua wehea a Gambia. I te katoa, ko te ōrau o te haumarutanga ā-rohe. Ko ngā reiti ōrite i Gambia i te nuinga o te wā >70% puta noa i te wā rangahau, haunga a Hōngongoi, i te wā i whakamahia ai te rōpū LLIN anake (Kōnae tāpiri 3: Pikitia S3). Heoi, ko te reiti momona toharite i te rohe rangahau he 74.5% (n = 481). I roto i te rōpū LLIN+Bti, i noho tonu te reiti ōrite ki te taumata teitei, neke atu i te 80%, haunga a Hepetema, i te wā i heke ai te reiti ōrite ki te 77.5%. Heoi, i kitea ngā rerekētanga o ngā reiti momona toharite i roto i te rōpū LLIN-anake, me te reiti momona toharite iti rawa i whakatauhia ko te 64.5%.
Mai i te tau 389. I kitea i roto i tētahi rangahau mō ngā wae toto takitahi o Gambia, 80.5% (n = 313) i ahu mai i te tangata, 6.2% (n = 24) o ngā wāhine i kai toto whakaranu (tangata me te toto kāinga) ā, 5.1% (n = 20) i kai toto. Ko te kai mai i ngā kararehe (kau, hipi me ngā koati) me te 8.2% (n = 32) o ngā tauira i tātarihia he kino mō te kai toto. I roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti, ko te ōwehenga o ngā wāhine e whiwhi toto tangata ana he 25.7% (n = 100) ki te whakarite ki te 54.8% (n = 213) i roto i te rōpū LLIN anake (Kōnae Tāpiri 5: Ripanga S5).
I whakamātauria te katoa o ngā amps 308. P. gambiae hei tautuhi i ngā mema o te matatini momo me te mate P. falciparum (Kōnae Tāpiri 4: Ripanga S4). E rua ngā "momo e pā ana" e noho tahi ana i te rohe rangahau, arā, ko An. gambiae ss (95.1%, n = 293) me An. coluzzii (4.9%, n = 15). He iti ake te nui o ngā Anopheles gambiae ss i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti i tō te rōpū LLIN anake (66.2%, n = 204) (RR = 2.29 [95% CI 1.78–2.97], P < 0.001). I kitea he ōrite te ōwehenga o ngā waeroa Anopheles i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti (3.6%, n = 11) me te rōpū LLIN anake (1.3%, n = 4) (RR = 2.75 [95% CI 0.81–11 .84], P = .118). Ko te auau o te mate Plasmodium falciparum i waenga i te An. SL i Gambia he 11.4% (n = 35). Ngā reiti mate Plasmodium falciparum. He iti ake te reiti mate i Gambia i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti (2.9%, n = 9) i tērā i roto i te rōpū LLIN anake (8.4%, n = 26) (RR = 2.89 [95% CI 1. 31–7.01], P = 0.006). ). Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā waeroa Anopheles, ko ngā waeroa Anopheles gambiae te mea i nui rawa te mate Plasmodium, arā, 94.3% (n=32). coluzzii 5.7% anake (n = 5) (RR = 6.4 [95% CI 2.47–21.04], P < 0.001).
I rangahauhia te katoa o ngā tāngata 2,435 mai i ngā whare 400. Ko te tau toharite o te kiato he 6.1 tāngata mō ia whare. Ko te reiti o te mana pupuri LLIN i waenga i ngā whare he 85% (n = 340), ki te whakataurite ki te 15% (n = 60) mō ngā whare kāore he LLIN (RR = 5.67 [95% CI 4.29–7.59], P < 0.001) (Kōnae tāpiri 5: Ripanga S5). . Ko te whakamahinga LLIN he 40.7% (n = 990) i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti ki te whakataurite ki te 36.2% (n = 882) i roto i te rōpū LLIN anake (RR = 1.12 [95% CI 1.02–1.23], P = 0.013). Ko te reiti whakamahinga kupenga toharite whānui i te rohe rangahau he 38.4% (n = 1842). He rite tonu te ōwehenga o ngā tamariki kei raro iho i te rima tau te pakeke e whakamahi ana i te Ipurangi i roto i ngā rōpū rangahau e rua, me ngā reiti whakamahinga kupenga o te 41.2% (n = 195) i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti me te 43.2% (n = 186) i roto i te rōpū LLIN anake. (HR = 1.05 [95% CI 0.85–1.29], P = 0.682). I roto i ngā tamariki 5 ki te 15 tau te pakeke, kāore he rerekētanga i roto i ngā reiti whakamahinga kupenga i waenga i te 36.3% (n = 250) i roto i te rōpū LLIN + Bti me te 36.9% (n = 250) i roto i te rōpū LLIN anake (RR = 1.02 [95% CI 1.02–1.23], P = 0.894). Heoi, ko te hunga neke atu i te 15 tau te pakeke i whakamahi kupenga moenga 42.7% (n = 554) iti iho i te 33.4% (n = 439) i te rōpū LLIN anake (RR = 1.26 [95% CI 1.11–1.43], P <0.001).
E 2,484 ngā kēhi haumanu katoa i tuhia ki te Pokapū Hauora o Napier i waenga i te Maehe 2018 me te Hui-tanguru 2020. Ko te horapa o te malaria haumanu i roto i te taupori whānui he 82.0% o ngā kēhi katoa o te mate pukupuku haumanu (n = 2038). Ko ngā reiti tau ā-rohe o te malaria i tēnei rohe rangahau he 479.8‰ me te 297.5‰ i mua me muri i te maimoatanga Bti (Ripanga 2).
Te wā tuku: Hōngongoi-01-2024