I arotakehia e tēnei rangahau ngā pānga roa o ngā ABW e torungārara patu pepekengā kaupapa mō te whakahaere i te bluegrass me te kounga o te tarutaru ara-whakataetae ā-tau, i a ia anake, i te taha rānei o ngā momo rerekēpaclobutrazolngā kaupapa me te whakahaere i te bentgrass ngokingoki. I whakapae mātou mā te whakamahi i ngā patu pepeke taumata paepae hei whakahaere i te ABW i roto i te wā ka whakaiti i te taupoki bluegrass ā-tau i roto i ngā ara bentgrass ngokingoki, ā, mā te whakamahi i te paclobutrazol ia marama ka whakarei ake i te whakahaere.
I roto i te wā, e rua ngā whakamātautau mara i whakahaerehia, ā, i tuaruatia anō. Ko te Whakamātautau 1 he whakamātautau mara e rua tau te roa i whakahaerehia mai i te tau 2017 ki te 2019 i ngā wāhi e rua kua pāngia e te ABW. I tirotirohia e tēnei rangahau ngā kaupapa patu pepeke e toru, te whakahaere i te bentgrass ngokingoki, me ngā whakamahinga marama o te paclobutrazol (Trimmit 2SC, Syngenta) i te 0.25 pauna o te matū hohe mō ia eka (16 fl oz hua mō ia eka; 280 karamu ai mō ia heketea) mai i ngā purapura bluegrass ā-tau. Kurukutia i mua i te marama o Oketopa hei whakahaere i te bluegrass ā-tau.
I whakahaerehia he rangahau i te tau 2017 me te 2018 i runga i tētahi papa korowha whakaata i Loggershot 2 Farm (North Brunswick, NJ) me te whakapae he 85% te taupoki o te bluegrass ā-tau i te tīmatanga o te whakamātautau. I tuaruatia te whakamātautau i te tau 2018 me te 2019 i runga i ngā papa korowha i Forest Hills Course Club (Bloomfield Hills, NJ), i reira i aromatawaihia ai te taupoki tirohanga ki te 15% o te bentgrass ngokingoki me te 10% o te witi pango tau-roa (Lolium perenne L.). I roto i te whakamātautau, 75% he Poa annua.
Ko te maimoatanga whakatō i titoa ko te whakatō i te bentgrass ngokingoki 007 i te tere o te 1 pauna o te purapura ora ma mo ia 1,000 putu tapawha (50 kirokaramu mo ia heketea) kotahi wiki i muri i te tīmatanga o te kaupapa paepae patu pepeke (tirohia ngā taipitopito o te kaupapa patu pepeke i raro nei). E whā ngā wā i whakahokia ai ngā maimoatanga, ā, i whakaritea hei wāhanga 2 × 3 × 2 i roto i tētahi poraka matapōkere katoa me ngā wāhi wehewehe. Te whakatō hei ōwehenga katoa o te wāhi, te kaupapa patu pepeke hei wāhi iti, te paclobutrazol hei wāhi iti, 3 x 6 putu (0.9 mx 1.8 m).
Kua hangaia tēnei kaupapa ārai hei ārai i te kino o te bluegrass e puta ana i ia tau i te wā o te tau. Kei roto i tēnei kaupapa ko te cyantraniliprole patupatu pūnaha (Ference, Syngenta) i whakamahia i te horopeta tata ki te 200 GDD50 (80 GDD10) i te wā pua o te dogwood (Cornus florida L.) hei whakahaere i ngā torongū ABW whakatipuranga o te kōanga i mua i te whakamahi i te indoxacarb (Provaunt). i whakamahia i te tata ki te 350 GDD50 (160 GDD10) i te wā e puāwai ana te ranu Catawbiense Michx hei whakahaere i ngā torongū whakatipuranga o te kōanga e ora tonu ana, ā, i whakamahia a Spinosad (Conserve, Dow AgroSciences) hei whakahaere i ngā torongū whakatipuranga tuatahi i te raumati.
Ka whakamutua e ngā kaupapa paepae te whakamahinga o ngā patu pepeke hei whakahaere i te ABW tae noa ki te ekenga o te kounga o te tarutaru i ngā wāhi kāore i te rongoatia ki te paepae pirau o
Hei whakatau tika i te hanganga o ngā momo tarutaru, e rua ngā mata whatu tapawhā 36 x 36 inihi (91 x 91 cm) me ngā pūwāhi whakawhiti 100 e ōrite ana te tawhiti i whakatakotoria ki ia wāhi. Tāutuhia te momo kei ia whakawhiti i waenga i a Hune me Oketopa. I arotakehia ā-kanohi te taupoki tarutaru kikorangi ā-tau i ia marama i te wā tipu ā-tau i runga i te tauine mai i te 0% (kāore he taupoki) ki te 100% (taupoki katoa). Ka arotakehia ā-kanohi te kounga o te tarutaru tarutaru i runga i te tauine mai i te 1 ki te 9, me te 6 e kiia ana he pai. Hei aromatawai i te whai huatanga o te kaupapa patu pepeke ABW, i arotakehia te kiato o ngā torongū mā te whakamahi i te tango tote i te tīmatanga o Hune i mua i te tīmatanga o te putanga mai o ngā pakeke hou.
I tukuna ngā raraunga katoa ki te tātaritanga o te rerekētanga mā te whakamahi i te tikanga GLIMMIX i roto i te SAS (v9.4, SAS Institute) me te tukuruatanga pānga matapōkere. I tātarihia te whakamātautau tuatahi mā te whakamahi i te hoahoa kauwhata-wehewehe, ā, i tātarihia te whakamātautau tuarua mā te whakamahi i te hoahoa kauwhata-wehewehe matapōkere 2 × 4. Mēnā e tika ana, i whakamahia te whakamātautau Fisher's Protected LSD hei wehewehe i ngā toharite (p=0.05). I tātarihia motuhaketia ngā pae nā te mea i puta ngā taunekeneke ki ngā pae i ngā rā rerekē, ā, i rerekē ngā āhuatanga o te pae.
Ka taea e te ABW te whakaiti i te taupoki o te bluegrass ā-tau i roto i te bentgrass ngokingoki, engari mēnā ka whakaaetia te kino nui ki te bluegrass ā-tau. I roto i ēnei whakamātautau, ko te kounga whānui o te tarutaru i whakaitihia mō te wā poto noa iho e te kino o te ABW ki ngā taumata i whakaarohia e ētahi kaitākaro korowha kāore e whakaaetia. Tērā pea nā te mea ko te nuinga (60–80%) o te tarutaru he bluegrass ā-tau. Kāore i kitea te kino o te bentgrass ngokingoki ABW mā te whakamahi i te tikanga paepae. E whakapae ana mātou kia taea ai e te kaupapa patu pepeke ABW e hangai ana ki te paepae te whakahaere pai i te bluegrass ā-tau me te kore he kaupapa PGR, e whakapae ana mātou me iti ake te taupoki bluegrass ā-tau tuatahi kia taea ai e te ABW te whakaputa kino nui ā-tau ki te bluegrass me te kore e pā ki te kounga whānui o te papa. Mēnā he kino iti noa iho te whakaaetia i mua i te rehu patu pepeke, e kī ana ēnei hua he iti noa te whakahaere bluegrass ā-tau mō te wā roa.
Ko ngā rautaki patu pepeke paepae te mea tino whaihua, tino whai hua hoki ina honoa ki ngā kaupapa whakahaere tipu tipu. I whakamahia e mātou te paclobutrazol i roto i tēnei rangahau, engari tera pea ka puta he hua ōrite mai i te fluoropyrimidine. Mena ka whakamahia he mahere ABW e hangai ana ki te paepae me te kore he mahere PGR, tera pea kāore e rite, e nui rānei te pehi i te bluegrass ā-tau nā te mea ka taea e te bluegrass ā-tau te tere ora mai i te kino i te mutunga o te puna. Ko te rautaki pai ko te tīmata i te tono marama o te paclobutrazol i te puna i muri i te pakaru o ngā upoko purapura, waiho mā te ABW e mahi te kino kia kore ra ano e taea te manawanui (ngā kaiwhakahaere, ētahi atu rānei), kātahi ka whakamahia ngā patu pepeke i ngā horopeta tapanga mōrahi hei whakahaere i te ABW. Ko te mahere e whakakotahi ana i ēnei rautaki e rua ka whakarato i te whakahaere bluegrass ā-tau he pai ake i tētahi rautaki anake, ā, ka whakarato i ngā papa tākaro kounga teitei mō ngā wiki katoa engari kotahi ki te rua o te wā tipu.
Wā tuku: Oketopa-25-2024