He maha ngā momo kararehe, mai i ngā pea pango ki ngā kūkū, e whakarato ana i ngā otinga taiao, hoa hoki ki te taiao, hei whakahaere i ngā pepeke kāore e hiahiatia.
I mua noa atu i te taenga mai o ngā matū me ngā rehu, ngā kānara citronella me te DEET, kua whakaratohia e te taiao ngā kaipahua mō ngā mea tino whakarihariha katoa o te tangata. Ka kai ngā pekapeka i ngā namu ngau, ka kai ngā poroka i ngā waeroa, ā, ka kai ngā warou i ngā wāpi.
Ina hoki, he tini ngā waeroa ka taea e ngā poroka me ngā poroka te kai, ā, i kitea i roto i tētahi rangahau i te tau 2022 te pikinga ake o ngā mate malaria tangata i ētahi wāhi o Amerika Waenganui nā te pakarutanga mai o ngā mate amphibian. E whakaatu ana ētahi atu rangahau ka taea e ētahi pekapeka te kai i te mano waeroa i ia hāora. (Rapua he aha ngā pekapeka he toa tūturu o te taiao.)
"Ko te nuinga o ngā momo he pai te whakahaere a ngā hoariri tūturu," te kī a Douglas Tallamy, Ahorangi Ahuwhenua TA Baker i Te Whare Wānanga o Delaware.
Ahakoa he nui te aro ki ēnei momo whakahaere pepeke rongonui, he maha atu anō ngā kararehe e whakapau ana i ō rātou ao me ō rātou pō ki te rapu me te kai i ngā pepeke raumati, i ētahi wā ka whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga motuhake hei kai i ā rātou kai. Anei ētahi o ngā mea tino katakata.
Ahakoa he pai ki a Winnie the Pooh te honi, engari ina keria e te pea tūturu he kōhanga pī, ehara i te huka piri, reka tana e rapu ana, engari he torongū mā ngawari.
Ahakoa e kai ana ngā pea pango o Amerika i ngā mea katoa mai i te paru tangata ki ngā mara putiputi rā me te kuao, i ētahi wā he kai pepeke tā rātou, tae atu ki ngā momo wāpi whakaeke pēnei i te kōwhai.
"Kei te whaiwhai rātou i ngā torongū," te kī a David Garshelis, te heamana o te rōpū tohunga pea o te International Union for Conservation of Nature. "Kua kite ahau i a rātou e keri ana i ō rātou kōhanga, kātahi ka ngaua, pērā i a tātou," kātahi ka haere tonu ki te whāngai. (Akohia te āhua o te whakaora a ngā pea pango puta noa i Amerika Te Raki.)
I ētahi wāhi o Amerika Te Raki, i te wā e tatari ana ngā pea mangu kia pakari ngā hua, ka mau tonu te taumaha o ngā kai-katoa, ā, ka nui haere te ngako mā te kai i ngā pōpokorua whai pūmua pērā i ngā pōpokorua kōwhai.
Ko ētahi waeroa, pērā i te Toxorhynchites rutilus septentrionalis, e kitea ana i te tonga-mā-rāwhiti o te Hononga o Amerika, e ora ai mā te kai i ētahi atu waeroa. Ka noho ngā torongū T. septentrionalis i roto i te wai tū, pērā i ngā kōhao rākau, ā, ka kai i ētahi atu torongū waeroa iti ake, tae atu ki ngā momo e tuku mate ana ki te tangata. I roto i te taiwhanga, ka taea e te torongū waeroa T. septentrionalis te patu i te 20 ki te 50 atu torongū waeroa ia rā.
He mea whakamere, e ai ki tētahi pepa o te tau 2022, ko ēnei torongū he kaikohuru taikaha e patu ana i ā rātou patunga engari kāore e kai.
"Mēnā ka puta noa te patu ā-pūmau, ka nui ake pea te whai huatanga o te Toxoplasma gondii ki te whakahaere i ngā waeroa ngote toto," te tuhituhi a ngā kaituhi.
Ki te nuinga o ngā manu, kāore he mea reka atu i ngā mano tini o ngā anuhe, ki te kore aua anuhe e kapi i ngā huruhuru ngau ka whakapataritari i ō roto. Engari kāore te kūkū ngutu kōwhai o Amerika Te Raki.
Ka taea e tēnei manu nui, he ngutu kōwhai kanapa tōna, te horomi i ngā anuhe, ka whakataka i te arai o tōna korokoro me tōna puku i ia wā (ka hanga ngā whekau he rite ki te paru o te ruru) kātahi ka tīmata anō. (Mātakitaki i te anuhe e huri ana hei pūrerehua.)
Ahakoa nō Amerika Te Raki ngā momo pēnei i ngā anuhe tēneti me ngā noke tukutuku o te ngahuru, ka piki haere tonu ō rātou taupori i ia wā, ka hanga he hakari nui mō te kūkū ngutu kōwhai, ā, e kī ana ētahi rangahau ka taea e rātou te kai i ngā rau o ngā anuhe i te wā kotahi.
Kāore tētahi o ēnei momo anuhe e tino whakararuraru i ngā tipu, i te tangata rānei, engari he kai nui ēnei mā ngā manu, ā, ka kainga e rātou ētahi atu pepeke.
Ki te kite koe i tētahi salamander whero kanapa e oma ana i te ara i te rawhiti o te Hononga o Amerika, me kī hāhā "ngā mihi".
He roa te ora o ēnei salamander, he tokomaha o rātou e ora ana tae atu ki te 12–15 tau, ā, ka kai i ngā waeroa kawe mate i ngā wāhanga katoa o ō rātou oranga, mai i ngā torongū ki ngā torongū me ngā pakeke.
Kāore i taea e JJ Apodaca, te kaiwhakahaere matua o te Amphibian and Reptile Conservancy, te kī tika e hia ngā torongū waeroa e kainga ana e te salamander rawhiti i te rā, engari he nui te hiahia kai o ēnei mea hanga, ā, he nui hoki hei "pānga" ki te taupori waeroa.
Ahakoa te ataahua o te tāne raumati me tōna tinana whero whakahīhī, kāore pea tēnei e whakamarie i te wāpu, ka whiua e te tāne ki te rangi, ka haria ki te rākau, ka whiua ki te manga kia mate.
Kei te tonga o te Hononga o Amerika ngā manu tāne raumati e noho ana, ā, ka heke ki Amerika ki te Tonga i ia tau, ka kai pepeke i te nuinga o ā rātou kai. Engari, he rerekē ki te nuinga o ngā manu kē atu, he tohunga ngā kūkupa raumati ki te hopu pī me te wāpu.
Hei karo i te ngau, ka hopukina e rātou ngā wāpu rite ki te wāpu mai i te rangi, ā, ina mate, ka murua ngā ngau ki ngā manga rākau i mua i te kai, e ai ki te Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
I kī a Tallamy, ahakoa he rerekē ngā tikanga taiao mō te whakahaere i ngā pepeke, "ko te huarahi uaua a te tangata kei te whakangaro i taua kanorau."
I roto i te nuinga o ngā wā, ka pā kino ngā pānga o te tangata pēnei i te ngaronga o te nohonga, te huringa āhuarangi me te parahanga ki ngā kaipahua taiao pēnei i ngā manu me ētahi atu rauropi.
"Kāore e taea e tātou te noho ki tēnei ao mā te patu i ngā pepeke," te kī a Tallamy. "Ko ngā mea ririki e whakahaere ana i te ao. Nō reira, ka taea e tātou te arotahi ki te whakahaere i ngā mea kāore e noa."
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Wā tuku: Pipiri-24-2024