He rākau hua rua-rua te hua kiwi, ā, me whakapūpū te hua e ngā tipu uwha. I roto i tēnei rangahau, ko tekaiwhakahaere tipu tipuI whakamahia te waikawa 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) ki runga i te kiwi hua Haina (Actinidia chinensis var. 'Donghong') hei whakatairanga i te whakatō hua, hei whakapai ake i te kounga o te hua, hei whakanui ake hoki i te hua. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua ko te whakamahinga o waho o te waikawa 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) i whai hua ki te whakaputa i te parthenocarpy i roto i te kiwi hua Haina, ā, i tino whakapai ake i te kounga o te hua. I te 140 rā i muri i te pua, ko te tere whakatō hua o ngā hua parthenocarpic i rongoatia ki te 2,4-D i eke ki te 16.95%. He rerekē te hanganga hae o ngā pua uwha i rongoatia ki te 2,4-D me te wai, ā, kāore i kitea te kaha o te hae. I te pakeketanga, he iti ake ngā hua i rongoatia ki te 2,4-D i ērā i roto i te rōpū whakahaere, ā, he rerekē rawa te kiri, te kikokiko me te pakari o te pūtake i ērā i roto i te rōpū whakahaere. Kāore he rerekētanga nui i roto i te nui o ngā matū totoka wairewa i waenga i ngā hua i tukinotia ki te 2,4-D me ngā hua mana i te pakeketanga, engari ko te nui o ngā mea maroke o ngā hua i tukinotia ki te 2,4-D he iti iho i tērā o ngā hua i whakapūpūngia.
I ngā tau tata nei,ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu (PGR)kua whakamahia whānuitia hei whakaoho i te parthenocarpy i roto i ngā momo hua māra. Heoi, kāore anō kia whakahaerehia he rangahau whānui mō te whakamahinga o ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu hei whakaoho i te parthenocarpy i roto i te kiwi. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, i rangahauhia te pānga o te kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu 2,4-D ki te parthenocarpy i roto i te kiwi o te momo Dunghong me ngā huringa o tōna hanganga matū whānui. Ko ngā hua i whiwhihia he pūtake pūtaiao mō te whakamahinga whaitake o ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu hei whakapai ake i te huinga hua kiwi me te kounga hua whānui.
I whakahaerehia te whakamātautau i roto i te National Kiwi Germplasm Resource Bank o te Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences i te tau 2024. E toru ngā rākau Actinidia chinensis 'Donghong' hauora, kāore he mate, e rima tau te pakeke, i tīpakohia mō te whakamātautau, ā, e 250 ngā puku putiputi e tupu noa ana mai i ia rākau i whakamahia hei rauemi whakamātautau.
Mā te Parthenocarpy ka taea te whanake angitu o ngā hua me te kore e whakapūpū, he mea tino nui tēnei i raro i ngā āhuatanga e herea ana te whakapūpū. I whakaatuhia e tēnei rangahau ka taea e te parthenocarpy te whakatakoto me te whanaketanga o ngā hua me te kore e whakapūpū me te whakamomona, kia mau ai te whakaputanga pumau i raro i ngā āhuatanga kāore i te tino pai. Ko te pūmanawa o te parthenocarpy kei roto i tōna kaha ki te whakanui ake i te whakatakoto hua i raro i ngā āhuatanga taiao kino, kia pai ake ai te kounga me te hua o te hua, inā koa ka iti, ka ngaro rānei ngā ratonga whakapūpū. Ka taea e ngā āhuatanga taiao pēnei i te kaha o te mārama, te wā whakaahua, te pāmahana, me te haumākū te awe i te parthenocarpy i puta mai i te 2,4-D i roto i te kiwifruit. I raro i ngā āhuatanga kati, atarangi rānei, ka taea e ngā huringa o ngā āhuatanga mārama te taunekeneke ki te 2,4-D hei whakarerekē i te pākia o te auxin taketake, ka taea te whakarei ake, te aukati rānei i te whanaketanga o ngā hua parthenocarpic i runga i te momo. Hei tāpiri, mā te pupuri i te pāmahana me te haumākū pumau i roto i te taiao whakahaeretia ka āwhina i te pupuri i te mahi homoni me te arotau i te whakatakoto hua [39]. Kei te whakamaheretia ngā rangahau ā muri ake nei hei tūhura atu i te arotautanga o ngā āhuatanga taiao (mārama, pāmahana, me te haumākū) i roto i ngā pūnaha whakatipu whakahaeretia hei whakarei ake i te parthenocarpy i puta mai i te 2,4-D me te pupuri tonu i te kounga o te hua. Me rangahau tonu te tikanga whakahaere taiao o te parthenocarpy. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau he iti ngā kukū o te 2,4-D (5 ppm me te 10 ppm) ka taea te whakaoho angitu i te parthenocarpy i roto i te tōmato me te whakaputa hua kore purapura kounga teitei [37]. Ko ngā hua parthenocarpic he kore purapura, he kounga teitei, he mea pai mō ngā kaihoko [38]. Nā te mea he tipu dioecious te rauemi kiwifruit whakamātautau, me wawao ā-ringa ngā tikanga whakapūpū tuku iho, ā, he nui rawa te mahi. Hei whakaoti i tēnei raruraru, i whakamahia e tēnei rangahau te 2,4-D hei whakaoho i te parthenocarpy i roto i te kiwifruit, i ārai pai i te mate o ngā hua i puta mai i ngā pua wahine kāore i whakapūpū. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua whakamātautau he angitu te whanaketanga o ngā hua i rongoatia ki te 2,4-D, ā, he iti ake te maha o ngā purapura i ērā o ngā hua i whakapūpūhia ā-hangai, ā, i tino pai ake hoki te kounga o te hua. Nō reira, mā te whakaoho i te parthenocarpy mā te maimoatanga homoni ka taea te wikitoria i ngā raruraru whakapūpū me te whakaputa hua kore purapura, he mea tino nui mō te whakatipu arumoni.
I roto i tēnei rangahau, i tirotirohia ngā tikanga o te 2,4-D (2,4-D) ki te whanaketanga hua kore purapura me te kounga o te momo kiwi Hainamana 'Donghong'. I runga i ngā rangahau o mua e whakaatu ana ka taea e te 2,4-D te whakaoho i te hanganga hua kore purapura i roto i te kiwi, ko te whāinga o tēnei rangahau he whakamārama i ngā pānga whakahaere o te maimoatanga 2,4-D o waho ki ngā whanaketanga hua me te hanganga kounga hua. I whakamāramahia e ngā hua te tūranga o ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu i roto i te whanaketanga kiwi kore purapura, ā, i whakatūria he rautaki maimoatanga 2,4-D e whakarato ana i tētahi pūtake ā-tinana nui mō te whanaketanga o ngā momo kiwi kore purapura hou. He pānga mahi nui tō tēnei rangahau mō te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga me te pumau o te umanga kiwi.
I whakaatuhia e tēnei rangahau te whai huatanga o te maimoatanga 2,4-D ki te whakaputa i te parthenocarpy i roto i te momo kiwi hua Hainamana 'Donghong'. I tirotirohia ngā āhuatanga o waho (tae atu ki te taumaha me te rahi o te hua) me ngā āhuatanga o roto (pēnei i te huka me te ihirangi waikawa) i te wā e whanake ana te hua. Nā te maimoatanga ki te 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D i tino whakapai ake i te kounga o te hua mā te whakanui ake i te reka me te whakaiti i te waikawa. Nō reira, i tino piki ake te ōwehenga huka/waikawa, ā, i whakapai ake i te kounga whānui o te hua. Heoi, i kitea he rerekētanga nui i roto i te taumaha hua me te ihirangi matū maroke i waenga i ngā hua i maimoatia ki te 2,4-D me ngā hua i whakapūpūngia. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei rangahau he mōhiohio nui mō te parthenocarpy me te whakapai ake i te kounga o te hua i roto i te kiwi hua. Ka taea e tēnei whakamahinga te whakamahi hei huarahi kē atu mō ngā kaiwhakatipu kiwi hua e whai ana ki te whakaputa hua me te whakatutuki i ngā hua teitei ake me te kore e whakamahi i ngā momo tāne (whakapūpūngia) me te whakapūpūngia horihori.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-02-2025