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He tino uara ngā tipu rau whakapaipai me te āhua puāwai. Ko tētahi huarahi hei whakatutuki i tēnei ko te whakamahi i ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu hei taputapu whakahaere tipu tipu. I whakahaerehia te rangahau ki te Schefflera dwarf (he tipu rau whakapaipai) i rongoatia ki ngā rehu rau o te waikawa gibberellic me te homoni benzyladenine i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi me te pūnaha whakamakuku kohu. I rehuhia te homoni ki ngā rau o te schefflera dwarf i ngā kukū o te 0, 100 me te 200 mg/l i roto i ngā wāhanga e toru i ia 15 rā. I whakahaerehia te whakamātautau i runga i te kaupapa tauwehe i roto i te hoahoa matapōkere katoa me ngā tukuruatanga e whā. Ko te whakakotahitanga o te waikawa gibberellic me te benzyladenine i te kukū o te 200 mg/l he pānga nui ki te maha o ngā rau, te horahanga rau me te teitei o te tipu. I hua ake hoki i tēnei maimoatanga te nui rawa o ngā tae whakaahua. Hei tāpiri, i kitea ngā ōwehenga teitei rawa o ngā warowaihā wairewa me ngā huka whakaiti me ngā maimoatanga 100 me te 200 mg/L benzyladenine me te 200 mg/L gibberellin + benzyladenine. I whakaatuhia e te tātaritanga whakatauira taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa ko te rōrahi pakiaka te taurangi tuatahi ki te whakauru ki te tauira, e whakamārama ana i te 44% o te rerekētanga. Ko te taurangi e whai ake nei ko te papatipu pakiaka hou, me te tauira taurangi-rua e whakamārama ana i te 63% o te rerekētanga o te maha o ngā rau. Ko te pānga pai rawa atu ki te maha o ngā rau i puta mai i te taumaha pakiaka hou (0.43), he hononga pai ki te maha o ngā rau (0.47). I whakaatuhia e ngā hua ko te waikawa gibberellic me te benzyladenine i te kukū o te 200 mg/l i whakapai ake i te tipu āhua, te chlorophyll me te hanganga carotenoid o Liriodendron tulipifera, ā, i whakaitihia te ihirangi o ngā huka me ngā warowaihā wairewa.
Ko te Schefflera arborescens (Hayata) Merr he tipu whakapaipai matomato tonu o te whānau Araliaceae, he whenua taketake nō Haina me Taiwan1. He maha ngā wā ka whakatipuria tēnei tipu hei tipu whare, engari kotahi anake te tipu ka taea te tupu i roto i ēnei āhuatanga. E 5 ki te 16 ngā rau o ngā rau, 10-20 cm2 te roa o ia rau. He nui te hoko o te Schefflera iti i ia tau, engari he onge te whakamahi i ngā tikanga māra hou. Nō reira, me aro nui ake te whakamahinga o ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu hei taputapu whakahaere whai hua hei whakapai ake i te tipu me te whakaputa hua māra pumau. I ēnei rā, kua tino piki ake te whakamahinga o ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu3,4,5. Ko te waikawa gibberellic he kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu ka taea te whakanui ake i te hua o ngā tipu6. Ko tētahi o ōna pānga e mōhiotia ana ko te whakaoho i te tipu tipu, tae atu ki te roa o te kakau me te pakiaka me te whakanui ake i te horahanga rau7. Ko te pānga tino nui o ngā gibberellin ko te pikinga o te teitei o te kakau nā te roa o ngā internodes. Ko te rehu rau o ngā gibberellin ki ngā tipu iti kāore e taea te whakaputa gibberellin ka hua ake te roa o te kakau me te teitei o te tipu8. Mā te rehu rau ki ngā putiputi me ngā rau ki te waikawa gibberellic i te kukū o te 500 mg/l ka taea te whakanui ake i te teitei, te maha, te whānui me te roa o ngā rau9. Kua pūrongohia te kaha o ngā gibberellin ki te whakaoho i te tipu o ngā momo tipu rau whānui10. I kitea te roa o te kakau i roto i te paina Scots (Pinussylvestris) me te spruce mā (Piceaglauca) i te wā i rehuhia ai ngā rau ki te waikawa gibberellic11.
I tirotirohia e tētahi rangahau ngā pānga o ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu cytokinin e toru ki te hanganga peka taha i roto i te Lily officinalis. I whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau i te ngahuru me te kōanga hei ako i ngā pānga o te wā. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua kāore te kinetin, te benzyladenine me te 2-prenyladenine i pā ki te hanganga o ngā peka tāpiri. Heoi, i hua ake i te 500 ppm benzyladenine te hanganga o te 12.2 me te 8.2 peka apiti i roto i ngā whakamātautau ngahuru me te kōanga, ia, ki te whakarite ki te 4.9 me te 3.9 peka i roto i ngā tipu whakahaere. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau he pai ake te whai huatanga o ngā maimoatanga raumati i ngā maimoatanga hotoke12. I roto i tētahi atu whakamātautau, i rongoatia ngā tipu Peace Lily var. Tassone ki te 0, 250 me te 500 ppm benzyladenine i roto i ngā kohua 10 cm te whānui. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua ko te maimoatanga oneone i whakanui ake i te maha o ngā rau tāpiri ki te whakarite ki ngā tipu whakahaere me ngā tipu i rongoatia ki te benzyladenine. I kitea ngā rau hou i muri i te whā wiki, ā, i kitea te nui rawa o te whakaputanga rau i muri i te waru wiki. I te 20 wiki i muri i te maimoatanga, he iti ake te teitei o ngā tipu i rongoatia ki te oneone i ngā tipu i mua i te maimoatanga13. Kua pūrongohia ko te benzyladenine i te kukū o te 20 mg/L ka taea te whakanui ake i te teitei o te tipu me te maha o ngā rau i roto i te Croton 14. I roto i ngā rengarenga calla, ko te benzyladenine i te kukū o te 500 ppm i hua ake ai te pikinga o te maha o ngā manga, ko te maha o ngā manga te iti rawa i roto i te rōpū whakahaere15. Ko te whāinga o tēnei rangahau he tirotiro i te rehu rau o te waikawa gibberellic me te benzyladenine hei whakapai ake i te tipu o Schefflera dwarfa, he tipu rau whakapaipai. Ka taea e ēnei kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu te āwhina i ngā kaiwhakatipu arumoni ki te whakamahere i te whakaputanga tika puta noa i te tau. Kāore anō kia mahia he rangahau hei whakapai ake i te tipu o Liriodendron tulipifera.
I whakahaerehia tēnei rangahau i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi rangahau tipu o roto o te Whare Wānanga o Islamic Azad i Jiloft, Īrāna. I whakaritea ngā whakatō pakiaka pakupaku Schefflera kotahi, he 25±5 cm te teitei (i whakatipuria i mua i te whakamātautau mō ngā marama e ono) ā, i whakatōkia ki roto i ngā kohua. He kirihou te kohua, he mangu, he 20 cm te whānui, he 30 cm te teitei16.
Ko te ranunga o te peat, te humus, te onepu kua horoia me te kiri raihi i te ōwehenga 1:1:1:1 (mā te rōrahi)16. Whakatakotoria he paparanga kirikiri ki raro i te kohua hei whakamakuku. Ko te pāmahana toharite o te awatea me te pō i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi i te mutunga o te puna me te raumati he 32±2°C me te 28±2°C. Ko te haumākū whanaunga kei te >70%. Whakamahia he pūnaha kohu mō te whakamakuku. I te toharite, ka whakamakukuhia ngā tipu 12 ngā wā i te rā. I te ngahuru me te raumati, ko te wā o ia whakamakuku he 8 meneti, ā, ko te wā i waenga i ngā whakamakuku he 1 hāora. I whakatipuhia ngā tipu e whā ngā wā, 2, 4, 6 me te 8 wiki i muri i te rui, me te otinga matūkai iti (Ghoncheh Co., Iran) i te kukū o te 3 ppm me te whakamakuku ki te 100 ml o te otinga i ia wā. Kei roto i te otinga matūkai te N 8 ppm, P 4 ppm, K 5 ppm me ngā huānga iti Fe, Pb, Zn, Mn, Mo me te B.
E toru ngā kukū o te waikawa gibberellic me te benzyladenine, te kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu (i hokona mai i Sigma) i whakaritea i te 0, 100 me te 200 mg/L, ā, i rehuhia ki ngā puku tipu i roto i ngā wāhanga e toru i te wā kotahi tekau mā rima ngā rā17. I whakamahia te Tween 20 (0.1%) (i hokona mai i Sigma) ki roto i te otinga hei whakanui ake i tōna roa me te tere mimiti. I te atatu, rehuhia ngā homoni ki ngā puku me ngā rau o Liriodendron tulipifera mā te whakamahi i te rehu. Ka rehuhia ngā tipu ki te wai whakapūkara.
I inehia te teitei o te tipu, te whānui o te kakau, te horahanga o te rau, te nui o te chlorophyll, te maha o ngā internodes, te roa o ngā manga tuarua, te maha o ngā manga tuarua, te rōrahi o te pakiaka, te roa o te pakiaka, te papatipu o te rau, te pakiaka, te kakau me te mea maroke hou, te nui o ngā tae photosynthetic (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b). Ko te katoa o te chlorophyll, ngā carotenoids, ngā tae katoa), ngā huka whakaiti me ngā warowaihā wairewa i roto i ngā maimoatanga rerekē.
I inehia te nui o te chlorophyll o ngā rau taitamariki i muri i te 180 rā i te rehu mā te whakamahi i te mita chlorophyll (Spad CL-01) mai i te 9:30 ki te 10 i te ata (nā te hou o te rau). I tua atu, i inehia te horahanga o te rau i muri i te 180 rā i te rehu. Paunahia kia toru ngā rau mai i te tihi, waenganui me raro o te kakau o ia kohua. Kātahi ka whakamahia ēnei rau hei tauira ki runga pepa A4, ā, ka tapahia te tauira hua. I inehia hoki te taumaha me te horahanga o te mata o tētahi whārangi pepa A4. Kātahi ka tatauhia te horahanga o ngā rau kua tāia mā te whakamahi i ngā ōwehenga. I tua atu, i whakatauhia te rōrahi o te pakiaka mā te whakamahi i te rango kua tohua. I inehia te taumaha maroke o te rau, te taumaha maroke o te kakau, te taumaha maroke o te pakiaka, me te taumaha maroke katoa o ia tauira mā te whakamaroke i roto i te oumu i te 72°C mō ngā hāora 48.
I inehia te nui o te chlorophyll me ngā carotenoid mā te tikanga Lichtenthaler18. Hei mahi i tēnei, i hurihia te 0.1 karamu o ngā rau hou ki roto i te moata porcelain kei roto ko te 15 ml o te 80% acetone, ā, i muri i te tātari, i inehia tō rātou kiato whatu mā te whakamahi i te spectrophotometer i ngā roangaru o te 663.2, 646.8 me te 470 nm. Whakamātautauhia te taputapu mā te whakamahi i te 80% acetone. Tātaihia te kukū o ngā tae photosynthetic mā te whakamahi i te whārite e whai ake nei:
I roto i ēnei, ko Chl a, Chl b, Chl T me Car e tohu ana i te chlorophyll a, te chlorophyll b, te chlorophyll katoa me ngā carotenoids. Ka whakaatuhia ngā hua i roto i te mg/ml tipu.
I inehia ngā huka whakaiti mā te whakamahi i te tikanga Somogy19. Hei mahi i tēnei, ka hurihia te 0.02 karamu o ngā wana tipu ki roto i te moata porcelain me te 10 ml o te wai kua whakakorea, ka ringihia ki roto i tētahi karāhe iti. Whakamahanahia te karāhe kia koropupū, kātahi ka tātarihia ngā mea kei roto mā te whakamahi i te pepa tātari Whatman Nama 1 hei tiki i tētahi tangohanga tipu. Whakawhitihia te 2 ml o ia tangohanga ki roto i tētahi ngongo whakamātautau, ka tāpirihia he 2 ml o te otinga parahi whanariki. Taupokina te ngongo whakamātautau ki te huruhuru miro, ka whakamahanahia ki roto i tētahi kaukau wai i te 100°C mō te 20 meneti. I tēnei wā, ka hurihia te Cu2+ ki te Cu2O mā te whakaiti i ngā monosaccharides aldehyde, ā, ka kitea he tae hāmana (tae terracotta) i te raro o te ngongo whakamātautau. Kia mātao te ngongo whakamātautau, tāpirihia he 2 ml o te waikawa phosphomolybdic, ā, ka puta he tae kikorangi. Rūrūtia te ngongo kia kaha te horapa o te tae puta noa i te ngongo. Pānuihia te mimiti o te otinga i te 600 nm mā te whakamahi i tētahi ine-mātakitaki.
Tātaihia te kukū o ngā huka whakaiti mā te whakamahi i te pihi paerewa. I whakatauhia te kukū o ngā warowaihā wairewa mā te tikanga Fales20. Hei mahi i tēnei, i konatunatua te 0.1 karamu o ngā pihi ki te 2.5 ml o te 80% etanoru i te 90 °C mō te 60 meneti (e rua ngā wāhanga, 30 meneti ia wāhanga) hei tango i ngā warowaihā wairewa. Kātahi ka tātarihia te tangohanga, ā, ka mimiti te waipiro. Ka whakarewaina te matūriki hua ki te 2.5 ml o te wai kua whakakorengia. Ringihia te 200 ml o ia tauira ki roto i tētahi ngongo whakamātautau, ka tāpirihia he 5 ml o te tohu anthrone. I whakanohoia te ranunga ki roto i tētahi kaukau wai i te 90°C mō te 17 meneti, ā, i muri i te whakamatao, ka whakatauhia tōna mimiti i te 625 nm.
He whakamātautau ā-tauira te whakamātautau i ahu mai i tētahi hoahoa matapōkere katoa me ngā tukuruatanga e whā. Ka whakamahia te tikanga PROC UNIVARIATE hei tirotiro i te āhua noa o ngā tohatoha raraunga i mua i te tātari i te rerekētanga. I tīmata te tātari tatauranga me te tātari tatauranga whakaahua hei mārama ki te kounga o ngā raraunga mata i kohia. Kua hangaia ngā tatau hei whakangawari me te whakawhāiti i ngā huinga raraunga nui kia māmā ake ai te whakamārama. I muri mai ka whakahaerehia ngā tātari uaua ake. I whakahaerehia te whakamātautau a Duncan mā te whakamahi i te pūmanawa SPSS (putanga 24; IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) hei tatau i ngā tapawhā toharite me ngā hapa whakamātautau hei whakatau i ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā huinga raraunga. I whakamahia te whakamātautau maha a Duncan (DMRT) hei tautuhi i ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā toharite i te taumata hiranga o (0.05 ≤ p). I tatauhia te tauwehenga taunga Pearson (r) mā te whakamahi i te pūmanawa SPSS (putanga 26; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) hei aromatawai i te taunga i waenga i ngā takirua tawhā rerekē. Hei tāpiri, i whakahaerehia te tātari whakatauira raina mā te whakamahi i te pūmanawa SPSS (v.26) hei matapae i ngā uara o ngā taurangi tau tuatahi i runga i ngā uara o ngā taurangi tau tuarua. I tētahi atu taha, i whakahaerehia te tātaritanga whakatauira taahiraa-ā-taahiraa me te p < 0.01 hei tautuhi i ngā āhuatanga e tino pā ana ki ngā rau o te schefflera pakupaku. I whakahaerehia te tātaritanga ara hei whakatau i ngā pānga tika me ngā pānga ā-kore o ia āhuatanga i roto i te tauira (i runga i ngā āhuatanga e pai ake ai te whakamārama i te rerekētanga). Ko ngā tātaitanga katoa o runga ake nei (te āhua noa o te tohatoha raraunga, te tauwehenga hononga ngāwari, te whakatauira taahiraa-ā-taahiraa me te tātaritanga ara) i whakahaerehia mā te whakamahi i te pūmanawa SPSS V.26.
I whiriwhiria ngā tauira tipu i whakatōkia kia rite ki ngā aratohu ā-whare, ā-motu me te ao e tika ana, me ngā ture ā-rohe o Īrāna.
E whakaatu ana te Ripanga 1 i ngā tatauranga whakaahua o te toharite, te paerewa rerekētanga, te iti rawa, te mōrahi, te whānuitanga, me te tauwehenga rerekētanga āhuahanga (CV) mō ngā āhuatanga rerekē. I roto i ēnei tatauranga, ka taea e te CV te whakataurite i ngā āhuatanga nā te mea kāore he whānuitanga. Ko te huka whakaiti (40.39%), te taumaha maroke pakiaka (37.32%), te taumaha hou pakiaka (37.30%), te ōwehenga huka ki te huka (30.20%) me te rōrahi pakiaka (30%) ngā mea teitei rawa. ā, ko te ihirangi chlorophyll (9.88%) me te horahanga rau te mea teitei rawa te taupū (11.77%) me te uara CV iti rawa. E whakaatu ana te Ripanga 1 ko te taumaha mākū katoa te whānuitanga teitei rawa. Heoi, kāore i tēnei āhuatanga te CV teitei rawa. Nō reira, me whakamahi ngā inenga kore whānuitanga pēnei i te CV hei whakataurite i ngā huringa āhuatanga. Ko te CV teitei e tohu ana i te rerekētanga nui i waenga i ngā maimoatanga mō tēnei āhuatanga. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua o tēnei whakamātautau he rerekētanga nui i waenga i ngā maimoatanga iti-huka i roto i te taumaha maroke pakiaka, te taumaha pakiaka hou, te ōwehenga warowaihā-ki-huka, me ngā āhuatanga rōrahi pakiaka.
I whakaatuhia e ngā hua o te tātari rerekētanga, ki te whakatauritea ki te mana whakahaere, he pānga nui tō te rehu rau ki te waikawa gibberellic me te benzyladenine ki te teitei o te tipu, te maha o ngā rau, te horahanga o te rau, te rōrahi o te pakiaka, te roa o te pakiaka, te taupū chlorophyll, te taumaha mata me te taumaha maroke.
I whakaatuhia i te whakatairite i ngā uara toharite he pānga nui tō ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu ki te teitei me te maha o ngā rau o ngā tipu. Ko ngā maimoatanga tino whai hua ko te waikawa gibberellic i te kukū o te 200 mg/l me te waikawa gibberellic + benzyladenine i te kukū o te 200 mg/l. Ki te whakatauritea ki te mana whakahaere, i piki ake te teitei me te maha o ngā rau o ngā tipu mā te 32.92 ngā wā me te 62.76 ngā wā, ia (Ripanga 2).
I tino piki ake te horahanga o te rau i ngā momo katoa i whakaritea ki te mana whakahaere, ā, ko te pikinga mōrahi i kitea i te 200 mg/l mō te waikawa gibberellic, tae atu ki te 89.19 cm2. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua he tino piki ake te horahanga o te rau i te pikinga o te kukū o te kaiwhakahaere tipu (Ripanga 2).
I whakanuia e ngā maimoatanga katoa te rahinga me te roa o te pakiaka ki te whakataurite ki te mana whakahaere. Ko te huinga o te waikawa gibberellic + benzyladenine te mea i tino whai hua, arā, ko te whakanui ake i te rahinga me te roa o te pakiaka mā te haurua ki te whakataurite ki te mana whakahaere (Ripanga 2).
I kitea ngā uara teitei rawa o te whānui o te kakau me te roa o te puku i roto i te maimoatanga mana me te waikawa gibberellic + benzyladenine 200 mg/l.
I piki ake te taupū chlorophyll i ngā momo katoa i whakaritea ki te mana whakahaere. I kitea te uara teitei rawa atu o tēnei āhuatanga i te wā i rongoatia ai ki te waikawa gibberellic + benzyladenine 200 mg/l, he 30.21% teitei ake i te mana whakahaere (Ripanga 2).
I whakaatuhia e ngā hua he rerekētanga nui te nui o ngā tae i puta mai i te maimoatanga, te whakaiti i te huka me ngā warowaihā wairewa.
Nā te maimoatanga ki te waikawa gibberellic + benzyladenine i hua ake ai te nui rawa o ngā tae whakaahua. He nui ake tēnei tohu i roto i ngā momo katoa i tērā i roto i te mana whakahaere.
I whakaatuhia e ngā hua ka taea e ngā maimoatanga katoa te whakanui ake i te ihirangi chlorophyll o te Schefflera dwarf. Heoi, ko te uara teitei rawa atu o tēnei āhuatanga i kitea i roto i te maimoatanga me te waikawa gibberellic + benzyladenine, he 36.95% teitei ake i te mana whakahaere (Ripanga 3).
He tino ōrite ngā hua mō te chlorophyll b ki ngā hua mō te chlorophyll a, ko te rerekētanga anake ko te pikinga o te ihirangi o te chlorophyll b, he 67.15% teitei ake i te mana whakahaere (Ripanga 3).
Nā te maimoatanga i piki ake te nui o te chlorophyll katoa i whakaritea ki te mana whakahaere. Nā te maimoatanga ki te waikawa gibberellic 200 mg/l + benzyladenine 100 mg/l i hua ake ai te uara teitei rawa atu o tēnei āhuatanga, he 50% teitei ake i te mana whakahaere (Ripanga 3). E ai ki ngā hua, nā te mana whakahaere me te maimoatanga ki te benzyladenine i te horopeta o te 100 mg/l i hua ake ai ngā reiti teitei rawa atu o tēnei āhuatanga. Ko te Liriodendron tulipifera te uara teitei rawa atu o ngā carotenoids (Ripanga 3).
I whakaatuhia e ngā hua i te wā i rongoatia ai ki te waikawa gibberellic i te kukū o te 200 mg/L, i tino piki ake te ihirangi o te chlorophyll a ki te chlorophyll b (Pikitia 1).
Te pānga o te waikawa gibberellic me te benzyladenine ki a/b Ch. Ngā ōwehenga o te schefflera pakupaku. (GA3: waikawa gibberellic me BA: benzyladenine). Ko ngā reta ōrite i ia ahua e tohu ana kāore he rerekētanga nui (P < 0.01).
He nui ake te pānga o ia maimoatanga ki te taumaha hou me te taumaha maroke o te rakau schefflera pakupaku i tērā o te mana whakahaere. Ko te waikawa gibberellic + benzyladenine i te horopeta o te 200 mg/l te maimoatanga tino whai hua, i whakapiki ake i te taumaha hou mā te 138.45% ki te whakataurite ki te mana whakahaere. Ki te whakataurite ki te mana whakahaere, ko ngā maimoatanga katoa engari ko te 100 mg/L benzyladenine i whakanui ake i te taumaha maroke o te tipu, ā, ko te 200 mg/L waikawa gibberellic + benzyladenine te hua o te uara teitei rawa atu mō tēnei āhuatanga (Ripanga 4).
He rerekē rawa te nuinga o ngā momo i te mana whakahaere i tēnei āhuatanga, ā, ko ngā uara teitei rawa nō te 100 me te 200 mg/l benzyladenine me te 200 mg/l waikawa gibberellic + benzyladenine (Pikitia 2).
Te awe o te waikawa gibberellic me te benzyladenine ki te ōwehenga o ngā warowaihā wairewa me ngā huka whakaiti i roto i te schefflera pakupaku. (GA3: waikawa gibberellic me te BA: benzyladenine). Ko ngā reta ōrite i roto i ia ahua e tohu ana kāore he rerekētanga nui (P < 0.01).
I whakahaerehia te tātaritanga whakatauira taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa hei whakatau i ngā āhuatanga tuturu, hei mārama ake hoki ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā taurangi motuhake me te maha o ngā rau i roto i te Liriodendron tulipifera. Ko te rōrahi pakiaka te taurangi tuatahi i whakaurua ki te tauira, e whakamārama ana i te 44% o te rerekētanga. Ko te taurangi e whai ake nei ko te taumaha pakiaka hou, ā, e whakamārama ana ēnei taurangi e rua i te 63% o te rerekētanga o te maha o ngā rau (Ripanga 5).
I whakahaerehia te tātari ara hei whakamārama pai ake i te whakatauira taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa (Ripanga 6 me te Pikitia 3). Ko te pānga pai rawa atu ki te maha o ngā rau i honoa ki te papatipu pakiaka hou (0.43), he hononga pai ki te maha o ngā rau (0.47). E tohu ana tēnei he pānga tika tēnei āhuatanga ki te hua, engari he iti noa iho tōna pānga ā-korekore mā roto i ētahi atu āhuatanga, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i tēnei āhuatanga hei paearu whiriwhiri i roto i ngā kaupapa whakatipu mō te schefflera pakupaku. He kino te pānga tika o te rahinga pakiaka (−0.67). He tika te awe o tēnei āhuatanga ki te maha o ngā rau, he iti noa iho te awe ā-korekore. E tohu ana tēnei ko te nui ake o te rahinga pakiaka, ko te iti ake o te maha o ngā rau.
E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 4 i ngā panonitanga o te tauhohenga rārangi o te rōrahi pakiaka me te huka whakaiti. E ai ki te tauwehenga tauhohenga, ko ia panonitanga wae i te roa o te pakiaka me ngā warowaihā wairewa ko te tikanga ka panoni te rōrahi pakiaka me te huka whakaiti mā te 0.6019 me te 0.311 wae.
Kei te Pikitia 5 te tauwehenga taurite Pearson o ngā āhuatanga tipu. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua ko te maha o ngā rau me te teitei o te tipu (0.379*) te mea i whai taurite pai me te hiranga teitei rawa atu.
Mahere wera o ngā whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā taurangi i roto i ngā taunga hononga tere tipu. # Tuaka Y: 1-Taupū Ch., 2-Ira-waenga, 3-LAI, 4-N o ngā rau, 5-Teitei o ngā waewae, 6-Diameter o te kākano. # I te taha o te tuaka X: A – Taupū H, B – tawhiti i waenga i ngā pūnga, C – LAI, D – N. o te rau, E – teitei o ngā waewae, F – diameter o te kākano.
Kei te Pikitia 6 te tauwehenga taurite Pearson mō ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te taumaha mākū. E whakaatu ana ngā hua i te whanaungatanga i waenga i te taumaha mākū rau me te taumaha maroke o runga ake i te whenua (0.834**), te taumaha maroke katoa (0.913**) me te taumaha maroke pakiaka (0.562*). . Ko te taumaha maroke katoa te hononga pai teitei rawa atu me te tino hira ki te taumaha maroke wana (0.790**) me te taumaha maroke pakiaka (0.741**).
Mahere wera o ngā whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā taurangi taunga hononga taumaha hou. # Tuaka Y: 1 – taumaha o ngā rau hou, 2 – taumaha o ngā puku hou, 3 – taumaha o ngā pakiaka hou, 4 – taumaha katoa o ngā rau hou. # Tuaka-X: A – taumaha rau hou, B – taumaha puku hou, CW – taumaha pakiaka hou, D – taumaha katoa o ngā rau hou.
Kei te Pikitia 7 ngā tauwehenga taurite Pearson mō ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te taumaha maroke. E whakaatu ana ngā hua ko te taumaha maroke rau, te taumaha maroke puku (0.848**) me te taumaha maroke katoa (0.947**), te taumaha maroke puku (0.854**) me te papatipu maroke katoa (0.781**) ngā uara teitei rawa. he taurite pai, he taurite hiranga hoki.
Mahere wera o ngā whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā taurangi taunga hononga taumaha maroke. # Ko te tuaka Y e tohu ana i: taumaha maroke rau-1, taumaha maroke puku-2, taumaha maroke pakiaka-3, taumaha maroke katoa-4. # Tuaka X: Taumaha maroke rau-A, taumaha maroke puku-B, taumaha maroke pakiaka CW, taumaha maroke katoa-D.
Kei te Pikitia 8 te tauwehenga taurite Pearson o ngā āhuatanga o te tae. E whakaatu ana ngā hua ko te chlorophyll a me te chlorophyll b (0.716**), te chlorophyll katoa (0.968**) me ngā tae katoa (0.954**); te chlorophyll b me te chlorophyll katoa (0.868**) me ngā tae katoa (0.851**); ko te chlorophyll katoa te mea kei a ia te hononga pai me te hononga nui rawa atu ki ngā tae katoa (0.984**).
Mahere wera o ngā whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā taurangi taunga hononga chlorophyll. # Ngā tuaka Y: 1- Hongere a, 2- Hongere. b,3 – ōwehenga a/b, 4 ngā hongere. Tapeke, 5-carotenoids, 6-pūhui tae. # Ngā tuaka-X: A-Ch. aB-Ch. b,C- ōwehenga a/b, D-Ch. Tapeke ihirangi, E-carotenoids, F-pūhui tae.
He tipu whare rongonui te Dwarf Schefflera puta noa i te ao, ā, kei te aro nuihia tōna tipu me tōna whanaketanga i ēnei rā. Nā te whakamahinga o ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu i hua mai he rerekētanga nui, ā, ko ngā maimoatanga katoa ka whakanui ake i te teitei o te tipu ki te whakataurite ki te mana whakahaere. Ahakoa ko te tikanga ka whakahaeretia te teitei o te tipu mā te ira, e whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ka taea e te whakamahinga o ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu te whakanui ake, te whakaiti rānei i te teitei o te tipu. Ko te teitei o te tipu me te maha o ngā rau i rongoatia ki te waikawa gibberellic + benzyladenine 200 mg/L ngā mea teitei rawa atu, tae atu ki te 109 cm me te 38.25, ia. E rite ana ki ngā rangahau o mua (SalehiSardoei et al.52) me Spathiphyllum23, i kitea he pikinga rite tonu o te teitei o te tipu nā te maimoatanga waikawa gibberellic i roto i ngā marigold i roto i te kohua, albus alba21, daylilies22, daylilies, agarwood me ngā peace lilies.
He mahi nui tā te waikawa gibberellic (GA) i roto i ngā tukanga ā-tinana o ngā tipu. Ka whakaoho i te wehenga pūtau, te roa o te pūtau, te roa o te kakau me te whakanui ake i te rahi24. Ka whakaoho te GA i te wehenga pūtau me te roa o te puku i roto i ngā pito o te wana me ngā meristem25. Kei roto hoki i ngā huringa rau te hekenga o te matotoru o te kakau, te iti o te rahi o te rau, me te tae kakariki kanapa ake26. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau e whakamahi ana i ngā āhuatanga aukati, whakaoho rānei, ko ngā iona konupūmā mai i ngā pūtake o roto he karere tuarua i roto i te ara tohu gibberellin i roto i te korora sorghum27. Ka whakanui ake te HA i te roa o te tipu mā te whakaoho i te hanganga o ngā whākōkī e whakangāwari ana i te pakitara pūtau, pērā i te XET, te XTH rānei, ngā expansin me te PME28. Ka nui ake ngā pūtau i te mea ka whakangāwari te pakitara pūtau, ka uru te wai ki roto i te pūtau29. Ka taea e te whakamahinga o te GA7, GA3 me te GA4 te whakanui ake i te roa o te kakau30,31. Ka whakaroa te waikawa gibberellic i te kakau i roto i ngā tipu pakupaku, ā, i roto i ngā tipu rosette, ka whakaroa te GA i te tipu rau me te roa o te internode32. Heoi, i mua i te wāhanga whakaputa uri, ka piki te roa o te kakau ki te 4–5 ngā wā i tōna teitei taketake33. Kei te Pikitia 9 te whakarāpopototanga o te tukanga hanga GA i roto i ngā tipu.
Te hanga koiora o te GA i roto i ngā tipu me ngā taumata o te GA koiora taketake, te whakaaturanga kauwhata o ngā tipu (matau) me te hanga koiora o te GA (maui). Kua tohua ngā tae o ngā pere kia rite ki te āhua o te HA e tohuhia ana i te ara hanga koiora; ko ngā pere whero e tohu ana i te hekenga o ngā taumata GC nā te noho ki roto i ngā whekau tipu, ā, ko ngā pere mangu e tohu ana i te pikinga o ngā taumata GC. I roto i te maha o ngā tipu, pērā i te raihi me te merengi, he nui ake te ihirangi GA i te pūtake, i te wāhanga o raro rānei o te rau30. Heoi anō, e tohu ana ētahi pūrongo ka heke te ihirangi GA koiora i te roa o ngā rau mai i te pūtake34. Kāore i te mōhiotia ngā taumata tuturu o ngā gibberellins i ēnei take.
He nui hoki te pānga o ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu ki te maha me te whānui o ngā rau. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua ko te whakanui ake i te kukū o te kaiwhakahaere tipu i hua ake ai he pikinga nui o te whānui me te maha o ngā rau. Kua pūrongohia ka piki ake te whakaputanga rau calla e Benzyladenine15. E ai ki ngā hua o tēnei rangahau, i whakapai ake ngā maimoatanga katoa i te whānui me te maha o ngā rau. Ko te waikawa gibberellic + benzyladenine te maimoatanga tino whai hua, ā, i hua ake ai te maha me te whānui nui o ngā rau. I te whakatipu i te schefflera iti i roto i te whare, tera pea ka kitea he pikinga nui o te maha o ngā rau.
Nā te maimoatanga GA3 i whakanui ake te roa o te internode ki te whakataurite ki te benzyladenine (BA) me te kore maimoatanga homoni. He mea whaitake tēnei hua i te mea he mahi nā te GA ki te whakatairanga i te tipu7. I whakaatuhia hoki ngā hua ōrite e te tipu o te kakau. Nā te waikawa gibberellic i whakanui ake te roa o te kakau engari i whakaitihia tōna whānui. Heoi, nā te whakamahinga ngātahi o te BA me te GA3 i whakanui ake te roa o te kakau. He teitei ake tēnei pikinga ki te whakataurite ki ngā tipu i rongoatia ki te BA, ki te kore rānei he homoni. Ahakoa i te nuinga o te wā ka whakatairanga te waikawa gibberellic me ngā cytokinin (CK) i te tipu o te tipu, i ētahi wā he pānga rerekē ki ngā tukanga rerekē35. Hei tauira, i kitea he taunekeneke kino i roto i te pikinga o te roa hypocotyl i roto i ngā tipu i rongoatia ki te GA me te BA36. I tētahi atu taha, i whakanui ake te BA i te rahinga pakiaka (Ripanga 1). Kua pūrongohia te pikinga o te rahinga pakiaka nā te BA exogenous i roto i te maha o ngā tipu (hei tauira, Dendrobium me ngā momo Orchid)37,38.
Nā ngā maimoatanga homoni katoa i whakapiki ake te maha o ngā rau hou. He mea pai ki te hokohoko te pikinga tūturu o te horahanga rau me te roa o te kakau mā roto i ngā maimoatanga whakakotahi. He tohu nui te maha o ngā rau hou mō te tipu tipu. Kāore anō kia whakamahia te whakamahinga o ngā homoni o waho i roto i te whakaputanga arumoni o te Liriodendron tulipifera. Heoi, ko ngā pānga whakatairanga tipu o te GA me te CK, ina whakamahia i roto i te taurite, ka whakarato pea i ngā māramatanga hou ki te whakapai ake i te whakatipu i tēnei tipu. He mea nui, ko te pānga mahi tahi o te maimoatanga BA + GA3 he teitei ake i te GA, i te BA rānei e tukuna ana ko ia anake. Ka whakanui ake te waikawa gibberellic i te maha o ngā rau hou. I te whanaketanga o ngā rau hou, ka taea e te whakanui ake i te maha o ngā rau hou te whakawhāiti i te tipu o te rau39. Kua pūrongohia ka whakapai ake te GA i te kawe o te sucrose mai i ngā totohu ki ngā whekau pūtake40,41. Hei tāpiri, ko te whakamahinga o te GA ki ngā tipu ā-rohe ka taea te whakatairanga i te tipu o ngā whekau tipu pēnei i ngā rau me ngā pakiaka, ā, ka ārai i te whakawhiti o te tipu tipu ki te tipu whakaputa uri42.
Ka taea te whakamārama i te pānga o te GA ki te whakanui ake i te maroke o te tipu mā te pikinga ake o te photosynthesis nā te pikinga ake o te horahanga rau43. I pūrongohia ka piki ake te horahanga rau o te Kānga34 i te GA. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua ko te whakanui ake i te kukū BA ki te 200 mg/L ka taea te whakanui ake i te roa me te maha o ngā manga tuarua me te rahinga pakiaka. Ka pā te waikawa gibberellic ki ngā tukanga pūtau pēnei i te whakaoho i te wehenga pūtau me te roa, ā, ka whakapai ake i te tipu tipu43. Hei tāpiri, ka whakawhanui te HA i te pakitara pūtau mā te whakawairakau i te māngaro hei huka, ā, ka whakaiti i te pūmanawa wai o te pūtau, ka meinga te wai kia tomo ki te pūtau, ā, i te mutunga ka arahi ki te roa o te pūtau44.
Wā tuku: Mei-08-2024