Mai i tōna kitenga i Djibouti i te tau 2012, kua horapa te waeroa Āhia Anopheles stephensi puta noa i te Horn o Āwherika. Kei te horapa tonu tēnei kawe kawe whakaeke puta noa i te whenua, ā, he tūmomo mōrearea nui ki ngā kaupapa whakahaere malaria. Kua tino whakaitihia e ngā tikanga whakahaere kawe kawe, tae atu ki ngā kupenga moenga kua rongoatia ki ngā pepeke patupatu me te rehu toenga o roto, te taumahatanga o te malaria. Heoi, ko te pikinga ake o te horapa o ngā waeroa ātete ki ngā pepeke patupatu, tae atu ki ngā taupori Anopheles stephensi, kei te whakararu i ngā mahi whakakore malaria tonu. He mea nui te mārama ki te hanganga taupori, te rere o ngā ira i waenga i ngā taupori, me te tohatoha o ngā whakarerekētanga ātete ki ngā pepeke patupatu hei ārahi i ngā rautaki whakahaere malaria whai hua.
He mea nui te whakapai ake i tō tātou māramatanga ki te āhua o te noho pūmau o An. stephensi i roto i te HOA ki te matapae i tōna horapa pea ki ngā rohe hou. Kua whakamahia whānuitia te ira taupori hei ako i ngā momo kawe hei whiwhi māramatanga ki te hanganga taupori, te kōwhiringa tonu, me te rere o ngā ira18,19. Mō An. stephensi, mā te ako i te hanganga taupori me te hanganga ira ka āwhina i te whakamārama i tōna ara whakaekenga me tetahi whanaketanga urutau kua puta mai i tōna putanga mai. Haunga te rere o ngā ira, he mea tino nui te kōwhiringa nā te mea ka taea te tautuhi i ngā ira e pā ana ki te ātete ki ngā pepeke whakamate me te whakamārama i te horapa o ēnei ira puta noa i te taupori20.
Tae noa ki tēnei wā, ko te whakamātautau i ngā tohu ātete ki ngā patu pepeke me ngā ira o te taupori i roto i te momo whakaekenga Anopheles stephensi kua whakawhāitihia ki ētahi ira kaitono. Kāore anō kia tino mārama te putanga mai o te momo ki Āwherika, engari ko tētahi whakapae ko te mea i kawea mai e te tangata, e te kararehe rānei. Ko ētahi atu ariā ko te hekenga tawhiti mā te hau. Ko ngā momo motuhake o Etiopia i whakamahia i roto i tēnei rangahau i kohia i Awash Sebat Kilo, he tāone kei te 200 km ki te rawhiti o Addis Ababa, kei te ara kawe waka matua mai i Addis Ababa ki Djibouti. Ko Awash Sebat Kilo he rohe e horapa nui ana te malaria, ā, he nui te taupori o Anopheles stephensi, e kīia ana he ātete ki ngā patu pepeke, he wāhi nui tēnei mō te ako i ngā ira taupori o Anopheles stephensi8.
I kitea te ātete ki ngā patu pepeke ira kdr L1014F i te auau iti i roto i te taupori Etiopiana, ā, kāore i kitea i roto i ngā tauira mara o Īnia. Nā tēnei whakarerekētanga kdr i homai he ātete ki ngā pyrethroids me te DDT, ā, i kitea i mua i roto i ngā taupori An. stephensi i kohia i Īnia i te tau 2016 me Afghanistan i te tau 2018.31,32 Ahakoa ngā taunakitanga o te ātete whānui ki ngā pyrethroids i roto i ngā tāone e rua, kāore i kitea te whakarerekētanga kdr L1014F i roto i ngā taupori Mangalore me Bangalore i tātarihia i konei. Ko te iti o te ōwehenga o ngā momo motuhake Etiopiana e mau ana i tēnei SNP he heterozygous e kī ana i puta ake te whakarerekētanga ira i roto i tēnei taupori i ēnei wā tata nei. E tautokona ana tēnei e tētahi rangahau o mua i Awash kāore i kitea he taunakitanga mō te whakarerekētanga kdr i roto i ngā tauira i kohia i te tau i mua atu i ērā i tātarihia i konei.18 I tautuhia e mātou i mua tēnei whakarerekētanga kdr L1014F i te auau iti i roto i tētahi huinga tauira mai i te rohe/tau kotahi mā te whakamahi i tētahi huarahi kimi amplicon.28 I runga i te ātete phenotypic i ngā wāhi tauira, ko te auau allele iti o tēnei tohu ātete e kī ana ko ngā tikanga ehara i te whakarerekētanga o te wāhi ūnga te kawenga mō tēnei phenotype i kitea.
Ko tētahi herenga o tēnei rangahau ko te kore o ngā raraunga āhuahanga mō te urupare a ngā pepeke patu. Me whai atu i ētahi atu rangahau e whakakotahi ana i te raupapatanga ira katoa (WGS) me te raupapatanga amplicon kua arotahihia me ngā whakamātautau koiora ngoikore hei tirotiro i te pānga o ēnei whakarerekētanga ki te urupare a ngā pepeke patu. Ko ēnei SNP ngaro hou e hono ana ki te ātete me arotahi ki ngā whakamātautau ngota ngota tere-rahi hei tautoko i te aroturukitanga me te whakahaere i te mahi mahi hei mārama me te whakamana i ngā tikanga pea e pā ana ki ngā āhuahanga ātete.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, mā tēnei rangahau ka kitea he māramatanga hohonu ake mō ngā ira o te taupori waeroa Anopheles puta noa i ngā whenua. Ko te whakamahinga o te tātari raupapatanga ira katoa (WGS) ki ngā rōpū tauira nui ake i roto i ngā rohe matawhenua rerekē te mea nui ki te mārama ki te rere o ngā ira me te tautuhi i ngā tohu o te ātete ki ngā pepeke patupatu. Mā tēnei mōhiotanga ka taea e ngā mana hauora tūmatanui te whakatau whai whakaaro ki te tirotiro i ngā pepeke me te whakamahi i ngā pepeke patupatu.
E rua ngā huarahi i whakamahia e mātou hei kite i te rerekētanga o te maha o ngā tārua i roto i tēnei huinga raraunga. Tuatahi, i whakamahia e mātou he huarahi e hangai ana ki te kapinga i arotahi ki ngā tautau ira CYP kua tautuhia i roto i te ira (Ripanga Tāpiri S5). I toharitehia te kapinga tauira puta noa i ngā wāhi kohinga, ā, i wehea kia whā ngā rōpū: Etiopia, ngā mara Īnia, ngā koroni Īnia, me ngā koroni Pakitāne. I whakatauritehia te kapinga mō ia rōpū mā te whakamahi i te whakangawari kernel, kātahi ka tuhia kia rite ki te hohonutanga kapinga ira waenga mō taua rōpū.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-23-2025