Tērā pea ka piki ake te maha o ngā mate malaria i te rohe nā te whakaekenga mai o Anopheles stephensi. Nō reira, he mea nui te mārama ki te ātete ki ngā patu pepeke me te hanganga taupori o Anopheles stephensi i kitea tata nei i Fike, Etiopia hei ārahi i te whakahaere i ngā pepeke hei aukati i te horapa o tēnei momo malaria whakaeke i te whenua. Whai muri i te tirotiro pepeke o Anopheles stephensi i Fike, Rohe Somali, Etiopia, i whakaū mātou i te aroaro o Anopheles stephensi i Fike i ngā taumata āhua me ngā taumata ngota. Nā te whakaahuatanga o ngā nohoanga torongū me te whakamātautau i te ngoikore o ngā patu pepeke i kitea ko A. fixini te mea i kitea nuitia i roto i ngā ipu horihori, ā, he ātete ki te nuinga o ngā patu pepeke pakeke i whakamatautauria (organophosphates, carbamates,ngā piretiroi) haunga te pirimiphos-methyl me te PBO-pyrethroid. Heoi, i ngāwari ngā wāhanga torongū kāore anō kia pakeke ki te temephos. I whakahaerehia he tātaritanga ira whakataurite anō me te momo o mua a Anopheles stephensi. I whakaatuhia e te tātaritanga o te taupori Anopheles stephensi i Etiopia mā te whakamahi i ngā SNP biallelic 1704 he hononga ira i waenga i ngā taupori A. fixais me Anopheles stephensi i waenganui me te rawhiti o Etiopia, inā koa ko A. jiggigas. Mā ā mātou kitenga mō ngā āhuatanga ātete ki ngā pepeke patu pepeke me ngā taupori pūtake pea o Anopheles fixini ka āwhina pea ki te whakawhanake i ngā rautaki whakahaere mō tēnei kawe malaria i ngā rohe o Fike me Jigjiga hei whakawhāiti i tōna horapa atu mai i ēnei rohe e rua ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te whenua me te whenua puta noa i Awherika.
He mea nui te mārama ki ngā wāhi whakatipu namu me ngā āhuatanga taiao hei whakawhanake i ngā rautaki whakahaere namu pēnei i te whakamahinga o ngā patu namu (temephos) me te whakahaere taiao (te whakakore i ngā nohoanga torongū). Hei tāpiri, e taunaki ana te Whakahaere Hauora o te Ao i te whakahaere torongū hei tētahi o ngā rautaki mō te whakahaere tika i te Anopheles stephensi i roto i ngā tāone nui me ngā tāone iti i ngā rohe whakaekenga. 15 Mena kāore e taea te whakakore, te whakaiti rānei i te pūtake torongū (hei tauira, ngā puna wai o te whare, o te tāone rānei), ka taea te whakaaro ki te whakamahinga o ngā patu namu. Heoi, he utu nui tēnei tikanga whakahaere kawe ina rongoatia ngā nohoanga torongū nui. 19 Nō reira, ko te arotahi ki ngā nohoanga motuhake kei reira ngā namu pakeke he maha ngā tau he huarahi whai hua anō hoki. 19 Nō reira, ko te whakatau i te ngoikore o te Anopheles stephensi i Fik City ki ngā patu namu pēnei i te temephos ka āwhina pea ki te whakatau i ngā whakataunga ina whakawhanake i ngā huarahi hei whakahaere i ngā kawe malaria whakaeke i Fik City.
Hei tāpiritanga, mā te tātari ira ka āwhina pea ki te whakawhanake i ētahi atu rautaki whakahaere mō te Anopheles stephensi kua kitea houtia. Ina koa, mā te aromatawai i te kanorau ira me te hanganga taupori o Anopheles stephensi me te whakatairite i a rātou ki ngā taupori o nāianei i te rohe ka taea te whakarato i te māramatanga ki te hītori o tō rātou taupori, ngā tauira marara, me ngā taupori pūtake pea.
Nō reira, kotahi tau i muri i te kitenga tuatahi o Anopheles stephensi i te tāone o Fike, te rohe o Somali, Etiopia, i whakahaerehia e mātou he rangahau pepeke hei whakaahua i te nohoanga o ngā torongū Anopheles stephensi me te whakatau i tō rātou aro ki ngā patu pepeke, tae atu ki te patu pepeke temephos. Whai muri i te tautuhi āhua, i whakahaerehia e mātou te manatoko koiora ngota, ā, i whakamahia ngā tikanga ira hei tātari i te hītori taupori me te hanganga taupori o Anopheles stephensi i te tāone o Fike. I whakaritea e mātou tēnei hanganga taupori ki ngā taupori Anopheles stephensi i kitea i mua i te rawhiti o Etiopia hei whakatau i te whānuitanga o tōna noho ki te tāone o Fike. I arotakehia anō e mātou tō rātou whanaungatanga ira ki ēnei taupori hei tautuhi i ō rātou taupori pūtake pea i te rohe.
I whakamātauria te piperonyl butoxide (PBO) synergist ki ngā pyrethroid e rua (deltamethrin me te permethrin) ki te Anopheles stephensi. I whakahaerehia te whakamātautau synergistic mā te whakaatu i ngā waeroa ki te pepa PBO 4% mō te 60 meneti. Kātahi ka whakawhitia ngā waeroa ki ngā ngongo kei roto te pyrethroid whāinga mō te 60 meneti, ā, i whakatauhia tō rātou ngoikore kia rite ki ngā paearu mate a te WHO kua whakaahuatia i runga ake nei24.
Hei whiwhi i ētahi atu kōrero taipitopito mō ngā taupori pūtake pea o te taupori Fiq Anopheles stephensi, i whakahaerehia e mātou he tātari whatunga mā te whakamahi i tētahi huinga raraunga SNP biallelic whakakotahi mai i ngā raupapatanga Fiq (n = 20) ā, i tangohia e Genbank ngā raupapatanga Anopheles stephensi mai i ngā wāhi rerekē 10 i te rawhiti o Etiopia (n = 183, Samake et al. 29). I whakamahia e mātou te EDENetworks41, e āhei ai te tātari whatunga i runga i ngā matrices tawhiti ira me te kore he whakapae a priori. Kei roto i te whatunga ngā pona e tohu ana i ngā taupori e honoa ana e ngā taha/hononga taumaha e te tawhiti ira Reynolds (D)42 i runga i te Fst, e whakarato ana i te kaha o te hononga i waenga i ngā takirua taupori41. Ko te matotoru ake o te taha/hononga, ko te kaha ake o te whanaungatanga ira i waenga i ngā taupori e rua. Heoi anō, he rite te rahi o te pona ki ngā hononga taha taumaha tāpiri o ia taupori. Nō reira, ko te nui ake o te pona, ko te teitei ake o te pokapū, te pūwāhi huihuinga rānei o te hononga. I aromatawaihia te hiranga tatauranga o ngā pona mā te whakamahi i te 1000 tāruarua bootstrap. Ko ngā pona e puta ana i roto i ngā rārangi 5 me te 1 o runga o ngā uara pokapū waenga (BC) (te maha o ngā ara ira poto rawa atu i roto i te pona) ka taea te kī he mea nui ki te tatauranga43.
Ka ripoatahia e mātou te noho mai o An. stephensi i roto i te tini i te wā ua (Mei–Hune 2022) i Fike, Rohe Somali, Etiopia. Mai i ngā torongū Anopheles neke atu i te 3,500 i kohia, i whakatipuria katoatia, ā, i tautuhia ā-tinana ko Anopheles stephensi. Nā te tautuhi ngota o tētahi huinga torongū me te tātari ngota anō i whakaū ko te tauira i rangahauhia nō Anopheles stephensi. Ko ngā nohoanga torongū An. stephensi katoa i tautuhia he wāhi whakaputa uri horihori pērā i ngā roto kua whakakikoruatia ki te kirihou, ngā tāke wai kua kati me ngā tāke wai tuwhera, me ngā oko, he rite tonu ki ētahi atu nohoanga torongū An. stephensi i ripoatatia i te rawhiti o Etiopia45. Ko te meka i kohia ai ngā torongū o ētahi atu momo An. stephensi e kī ana ka taea e An. stephensi te ora i te wā maroke i Fike15, he rerekē i te An. arabiensis, te kaikawe malaria matua i Etiopia46,47. Heoi, i Kenya, i kitea ngā torongū o Anopheles stephensi… i roto i ngā ipu horihori me ngā taiao awaawa48, e whakaatu ana i te kanorau o te nohonga o ēnei torongū o Anopheles stephensi whakaeke, ā, he pānga tēnei ki te tirotiro pepeke ā-muri ake nei o tēnei kawe malaria whakaeke i Etiopia me Āwherika.
I kitea i roto i te rangahau te nui o te horapa o ngā waeroa Anopheles malaria-whakaeke i Fickii, ō rātou kāinga torongū, te ātete ki ngā pepeke whakamate pepeke o ngā pakeke me ngā torongū, te kanorau ira, te hanganga taupori me ngā taupori pūtake pea. I whakaatuhia e ā mātou hua he ngāwari te taupori Anopheles fickii ki te pirimiphos-methyl, PBO-pyrethrin me te temetafos. B1 Nō reira, ka taea te whakamahi pai i ēnei pepeke whakamate pepeke i roto i ngā rautaki whakahaere mō tēnei kawe mate malaria whakaeke i te rohe o Fickii. I kitea anō e mātou he hononga ira tō te taupori Anopheles fik ki ngā pokapū matua e rua o Anopheles i te rawhiti o Etiopia, arā, ko Jig Jiga me Dire Dawa, ā, he whanaunga tata atu ki a Jig Jiga. Nō reira, mā te whakapakari i te whakahaere kawe pepeke i roto i ēnei rohe ka āwhina pea ki te aukati i te whakaekenga atu o ngā waeroa Anopheles ki Fike me ētahi atu rohe. Hei whakamutunga, ka tukuna e tēnei rangahau he huarahi whānui ki te rangahau i ngā pakarutanga o Anopheles tata nei. Kei te whakawhānuihia te pepeke kakau a Stephenson ki ngā rohe whenua hou hei whakatau i te whānuitanga o tōna horapa, aromatawai i te whai huatanga o ngā pepeke whakamate pepeke, me te tautuhi i ngā taupori pūtake pea hei aukati i te horapa atu.
Wā tuku: Mei-19-2025