Ko te mate malaria tonu te tino take o te mate me te mate i Āwherika, ā, ko te nuinga o ngā tamariki kei raro iho i te 5 tau te pakeke te take. Ko te huarahi tino whai hua hei ārai i te mate ko ngā rongoā patu pepeke e aro ana ki ngā waeroa pakeke Anopheles. Nā te whakamahinga whānui o ēnei wawaotanga, kua horapa haere te ātete ki ngā momo patu pepeke e whakamahia whānuitia ana puta noa i Āwherika. He mea nui te mārama ki ngā tikanga matua e arahi ana ki tēnei momo āhua hei aroturuki i te horapa o te ātete me te whakawhanake i ngā taputapu hou hei whakakore i tēnei mate.
I roto i tēnei rangahau, i whakaritea e mātou te hanganga moroiti o ngā taupori Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles cruzi, me Anopheles arabiensis ātete ki ngā patu pepeke mai i Burkina Faso ki ngā taupori tairongo ki ngā patu pepeke, nō Etiopia anō hoki.
Kāore i kitea he rerekētanga i roto i te hanganga o ngā microbiota i waenga i te ātete ki ngā patu pepeke me te ātete ki ngā pepeke whakamate.ngārara patu pepeke-ngā taupori ngoikore i Burkina Faso. I whakaūngia tēnei hua e ngā rangahau taiwhanga o ngā koroni mai i ngā whenua e rua o Burkina Faso. He rerekē, i roto i ngā waeroa Anopheles arabiensis mai i Etiopia, i kitea he rerekētanga mārama i roto i te hanganga o ngā microbiota i waenga i te hunga i mate me te hunga i ora i te pānga o ngā patu pepeke. Hei tirotiro anō i te ātete o tēnei taupori Anopheles arabiensis, i whakahaerehia e mātou te raupapatanga RNA, ā, i kitea he rerekētanga o te whakaaturanga o ngā ira whakakorenga e pā ana ki te ātete patu pepeke, me ngā huringa i roto i ngā hongere manawa, pākia, me te synaptic ion.
E whakaatu ana ā mātou hua i ētahi wā ka whai wāhi pea ngā moroiti ki te whanaketanga o te ātete ki ngā pepeke whakamate, me ngā huringa transcriptome anō hoki.
Ahakoa he maha ngā wā e whakaahuatia ana te ātete hei wāhanga ira o te kawe Anopheles, kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau hou ka huri te microbiome hei whakautu ki te pānga o ngā pepeke whakamate, e whakaatu ana i te mahi a ēnei rauropi ki te ātete. Ina hoki, kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau o ngā kawe waeroa Anopheles gambiae i Amerika ki te Tonga me Amerika Waenga ngā huringa nui o te microbiome epidermal i muri i te pānga ki ngā pyrethroids, me ngā huringa o te microbiome whānui i muri i te pānga ki ngā organophosphates. I Āwherika, kua honoa te ātete pyrethroid ki ngā huringa o te hanganga o ngā microbiota i Cameroon, Kenya, me Côte d'Ivoire, i te mea kua whakaatuhia e ngā Anopheles gambiae i urutauhia ki te taiwhanga ngā huringa o ā rātou microbiota i muri i te kōwhiringa mō te ātete pyrethroid. I tua atu, ko te maimoatanga whakamātautau me ngā paturopi me te tāpiri o ngā huakita e mōhiotia ana i roto i ngā waeroa Anopheles arabiensis i nohoia e te taiwhanga i whakaatu i te pikinga o te manawanui ki ngā pyrethroids. I te taha o ēnei raraunga, e kī ana ko te ātete pepeke whakamate pea he hononga ki te microbiome waeroa, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i tēnei āhuatanga o te ātete pepeke whakamate hei whakahaere i ngā kawe mate.
I roto i tēnei rangahau, i whakamahia e mātou te raupapatanga 16S hei whakatau mēnā he rerekē ngā microbiota o ngā waeroa i nohoia i te taiwhanga me ngā waeroa i kohia i te mara i Āwherika ki te Hauāuru me te Rawhiti i waenga i ngā mea i ora me ngā mea i mate i muri i te pānga ki te pyrethroid deltamethrin. I roto i te horopaki o te ātete ki ngā pepeke whakamate, mā te whakataurite i ngā microbiota mai i ngā rohe rerekē o Āwherika me ngā momo rerekē me ngā taumata ātete ka āwhina i te mārama ki ngā awe ā-rohe ki ngā hapori moroiti. Nō Burkina Faso ngā koroni taiwhanga, ā, i whakatipuria i roto i ngā taiwhanga Pākehā e rua (An. coluzzii i Tiamana me An. arabiensis i te United Kingdom), ko ngā waeroa mai i Burkina Faso te tohu mō ngā momo e toru o te matatini momo An. gambiae, ā, ko ngā waeroa mai i Etiopia te tohu mō An. arabiensis. I konei, e whakaatu ana mātou he rerekē ngā tohu microbiota o Anopheles arabiensis mai i Etiopia i roto i ngā waeroa ora me ngā waeroa mate, ko Anopheles arabiensis mai i Burkina Faso me ngā taiwhanga e rua kāore. Ko te whāinga o tēnei rangahau he tirotiro anō i te ātete ki ngā pepeke whakamate. I whakahaerehia e mātou te raupapatanga RNA ki ngā taupori Anopheles arabiensis, ā, i kitea kua piki ake ngā ira e pā ana ki te ātete ki ngā pepeke whakamate, ko ngā ira e pā ana ki te manawa i whakarerekētia i te nuinga o te wā. I te whakaurunga o ēnei raraunga ki tētahi atu taupori mai i Etiopia, i kitea ngā ira matua mō te whakakorenga i te paitini i roto i te rohe. Nā te whakataurite anō ki te Anopheles arabiensis mai i Burkina Faso i kitea ngā rerekētanga nui o ngā kōtaha transcriptome, engari i kitea tonutia e whā ngā ira matua mō te whakakorenga i te paitini i nui rawa te whakaputa puta noa i Āwherika.
Kātahi ka raupapahia ngā waeroa ora me ngā waeroa mate o ia momo o ia rohe mā te whakamahi i te raupapatanga 16S, ā, ka tatauhia ngā rahinga whanaunga. Kāore i kitea he rerekētanga o te kanorau alpha, e tohu ana kāore he rerekētanga o te taonga o te waeine taxonomic mahi (OTU); heoi, he rerekē te kanorau beta i waenga i ngā whenua, ā, ko ngā kupu taunekeneke mō te whenua me te mana ora/mate (PANOVA = 0.001 me te 0.008, ia) i tohu he kanorau kei waenga i ēnei āhuatanga. Kāore i kitea he rerekētanga o te kanorau beta i waenga i ngā whenua, e tohu ana i ngā rerekētanga rite i waenga i ngā rōpū. I whakaatuhia e te kauwhata tauine maha-taurangi Bray-Curtis (Pikitia 2A) he nui te wehewehenga o ngā tauira mā te wāhi, engari he ētahi okotahi nui. He maha ngā tauira mai i te hapori An. arabiensis me tētahi tauira mai i te hapori An. coluzzii i taupatupatu ki tētahi tauira mai i Burkina Faso, engari ko tētahi tauira mai i ngā tauira An. arabiensis mai i Burkina Faso i taupatupatu ki te tauira hapori An. arabiensis, e tohu ana pea i puritia matapōkeretia te microbiota taketake mō ngā whakatipuranga maha me ngā rohe maha. Kāore i wehewehea mārama ngā tauira Burkina Faso e ngā momo; I tumanakohia tēnei kore wehewehenga nā te mea i muri mai ka huihuia ngā tāngata takitahi ahakoa i ahu mai i ngā taiao torongū rerekē. Ina hoki, kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau ko te tohatoha i tētahi āputa taiao i te wā wai ka pā nui ki te hanganga o ngā microbiota [50]. He mea whakamīharo, ahakoa kāore i whakaatuhia e ngā tauira waeroa me ngā hapori o Burkina Faso he rerekētanga i roto i te oranga o ngā waeroa, te mate rānei i muri i te pānga ki ngā patu pepeke, i wehewehea mārama ngā tauira Etiopiana, e kī ana ko te hanganga o ngā microbiota i roto i ēnei tauira Anopheles e pā ana ki te ātete ki ngā patu pepeke. I kohia ngā tauira mai i te wāhi kotahi, e whakamārama ana pea i te hononga kaha ake.
He āhuatanga uaua te ātete ki ngā patu pepeke pyrethroid, ā, ahakoa he pai te rangahau i ngā huringa o te pākia o te tinana me ngā whāinga, kei te tīmata noa te tūhura i ngā huringa o ngā microbiota. I roto i tēnei rangahau, ka whakaatuhia e mātou he mea nui ake pea ngā huringa o ngā microbiota i roto i ētahi taupori; ka whakaahuahia anō e mātou te ātete patu pepeke i roto i te Anopheles arabiensis mai i Bahir Dar, ā, ka whakaatuhia ngā huringa o ngā tuhinga e pā ana ki te ātete e mōhiotia ana, me ngā huringa nui o ngā ira e pā ana ki te manawa i kitea anō hoki i roto i tētahi rangahau RNA-seq o mua o ngā taupori Anopheles arabiensis mai i Etiopia. I te taha o ēnei hua, e kī ana ko te ātete patu pepeke i roto i ēnei waeroa ka whakawhirinaki pea ki te huinga o ngā āhuatanga ira me ngā āhuatanga kore-ira, nā te mea pea ko ngā whanaungatanga tahi me ngā huakita taketake ka tāpiri atu ki te whakahekenga patu pepeke i roto i ngā taupori he iti ake te taumata ātete.
Kua honoa e ngā rangahau hou te pikinga o te manawa ki te ātete ki ngā pepeke patu pepeke, e rite ana ki ngā kupu ontology whakarei ake i roto i te Bahir Dar RNAseq me ngā raraunga Etiopiana whakauru i whiwhihia i konei; e kī ana anō ko te ātete ka hua ake te pikinga o te manawa, hei take, hei hua rānei o tēnei momo āhua. Mena ka arahi ēnei huringa ki ngā rerekētanga o te kaha o te hāora tauhohe me te hauota momo, e ai ki te whakaaro o mua, ka pā pea tēnei ki te kaha o te kawe me te koroni moroiti mā te ātete rerekē o te huakita ki te ROS scavenging e ngā huakita commensal roa.
Ko ngā raraunga e whakaaturia ana i konei e whakaatu ana i te kaha o te microbiota ki te awe i te ātete ki ngā pepeke patu i roto i ētahi taiao. I whakaaturia hoki e mātou he rite ngā whakarerekētanga transcriptome o ngā waeroa An. arabiensis i Etiopia, e whakarato ana i te ātete ki ngā pepeke patu; heoi, he iti noa te maha o ngā ira e rite ana ki ērā i Burkina Faso. He maha ngā whakatūpato e toe ana mō ngā whakatau i tae mai ki konei me ētahi atu rangahau. Tuatahi, me whakaatu he whanaungatanga take i waenga i te oranga o te pyrethroid me te microbiota mā te whakamahi i ngā rangahau metabolomic, i te whakawhitinga microbiota rānei. Hei tāpiri, me whakaatu te whakamana i ngā kaitono matua i roto i ngā taupori maha mai i ngā rohe rerekē. Hei whakamutunga, ko te whakakotahi i ngā raraunga transcriptome me ngā raraunga microbiota mā roto i ngā rangahau whai muri i te whakawhitinga ka whakarato i ngā mōhiohio taipitopito ake mō te pānga tika o te microbiota ki te transcriptome waeroa e pā ana ki te ātete pyrethroid. Heoi, ki te huihuia, e kī ana ā mātou raraunga he ātete ā-rohe, ā-motu hoki, e whakaatu ana i te hiahia ki te whakamātautau i ngā hua pepeke patu hou i roto i ngā rohe maha.
Wā tuku: Maehe-24-2025