He raruraru nui haere te ao whānui mō ngā waeroa me ngā mate e kawea mai ana e te waeroa. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tangohanga tipu me/ranei ngā hinu hei whakakapi i ngā patu pepeke hangai. I roto i tēnei rangahau, e 32 ngā hinu (i te 1000 ppm) i whakamatautauria mō tā rātou mahi patu pepeke ki ngā torongū Culex pipiens o te wha o ngā tau, ā, i aromatawaitia ngā hinu pai rawa atu mō tā rātou mahi patu pepeke, ā, i tātarihia mā te chromatography hau-papatipu (GC-MS) me te chromatography wai mahi-teitei (HPLC).
He mea hanga ngā waeroapepeke tawhito,ā, ko ngā mate e kawea mai ana e te waeroa he tūmomo mōrearea nui ake ki te hauora o te ao, e mōrearea ana ki te neke atu i te 40% o te taupori o te ao. E kiia ana i te tau 2050, tata ki te haurua o te taupori o te ao ka tūpono ki ngā huaketo e kawea mai ana e te waeroa. 1 Ko te Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) he waeroa whānui e tuku ana i ngā mate kino e puta ai te mate kino, ā, i ētahi wā ka mate te tangata me ngā kararehe.
Ko te whakahaere i ngā pepeke te tikanga matua hei whakaiti i te āwangawanga o te marea mō ngā mate e kawea mai ana e te waeroa. Ko te whakahaere i ngā waeroa pakeke me ngā waeroa torongū mā te whakamahi i ngā rongoā ārai me ngā patu pepeke te huarahi tino whai hua hei whakaiti i ngā ngau a te waeroa. Mā te whakamahi i ngā patu pepeke hangai ka ara ake te ātete ki ngā patu pepeke, te poke o te taiao, me ngā mōrearea hauora ki te tangata me ngā rauropi kāore i te whāngaihia.
He mea nui te kimi i ngā momo kai e pai ana mō te taiao hei whakakapi i ngā kai tipu pērā i ngā hinu kakara (EO). He wāhanga pūngāwerewere ngā hinu kakara e kitea ana i roto i ngā whānau tipu maha pērā i a Asteraceae, Rutaceae, Myrtaceae, Lauraceae, Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Piperaceae, Poaceae, Zingiberaceae, me Cupressaceae14. Kei roto i ngā hinu kakara he ranunga matatini o ngā matū pērā i ngā phenols, ngā sesquiterpenes, me ngā monoterpenes15.
He āhuatanga patu huakita, ārai huaketo me te ārai harore ngā hinu kakara. He āhuatanga patu pepeke anō hoki ō rātou, ā, ka pāngia pea e ngā pānga paitini roro mā te whakararuraru i ngā mahi ā-tinana, ā-pūnaha, ā-whanonga me ā-matū koiora o ngā pepeke ina hongihia, ina horomia, ina mimitia rānei ngā hinu kakara mā te kiri16. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā hinu kakara hei patu pepeke, hei patu pepeke, hei ārai pepeke me te ārai pepeke. He iti ake te paitini, he pirau-koiora, ā, ka taea te wikitoria i te ātete ki ngā patu pepeke.
Kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā hinu kakara i waenga i ngā kaihanga rauropi me ngā kaihoko e aro nui ana ki te taiao, ā, he pai hoki mō ngā tāone nui, ngā kāinga me ētahi atu wāhi tairongo ki te taiao.
Kua kōrerohia te mahi a ngā hinu kakara ki te whakahaere i ngā waeroa15,19. Ko te whāinga o tēnei rangahau he tirotiro me te aromatawai i ngā uara whakamate moroiti o ngā hinu kakara e 32, me te tātari i te mahi adenocidal me ngā matū tipu o ngā hinu kakara tino whai hua ki te Culex pipiens.
I roto i tēnei rangahau, i kitea ko ngā hinu An. graveolens me V. odorata te mea tino whai hua ki ngā pakeke, ā, i muri mai ko T. vulgaris me N. sativa. I whakaatuhia e ngā kitenga he kaha te patu pepeke a Anopheles vulgare. Waihoki, ka taea e ōna hinu te whakahaere i te Anopheles atroparvus, Culex quinquefasciatus me Aedes aegypti. Ahakoa i whakaatuhia e Anopheles vulgaris te whai huatanga o te patu pepeke i roto i tēnei rangahau, koia te mea iti rawa te whai huatanga ki ngā pakeke. He rerekē, he āhuatanga adenocidal tōna ki te Cx. quinquefasciatus.
E whakaatu ana ā mātou raraunga he tino whai hua te Anopheles sinensis hei patu i ngā torongū engari he iti ake te whai huatanga hei patu i ngā pakeke. He rerekē, ko ngā tango matū o Anopheles sinensis he ātete ki ngā torongū me ngā pakeke o Culex pipiens, ā, ko te parenga teitei rawa (100%) mai i ngā ngau namu wahine kāore i whāngaihia i tutuki i te horopeta o te 6 mg/cm2. Hei tāpiri, i whakaatuhia hoki e te tango rau he mahi patu torongū ki a Anopheles arabiensis me Anopheles gambiae (ss).
I roto i tēnei rangahau, i whakaatuhia e te wāi (An. graveolens) he kaha ki te patu i ngā pepeke me te patu pakeke. Waihoki, i whakaatuhia e te wāi he kaha ki te patu pepeke ki a Cx. quinquefasciatus28 me Aedes aegypti29. I whakaatuhia e te wāi he kaha ki te patu pepeke ki ngā torongū o Culex pipiens i te kukū 200 ppm me te mate 100%, engari kāore he pānga o ngā uara LC25 me LC50 ki te mahi acetylcholinesterase (AChE) me te whakahohenga o te pūnaha whakakore paitini, te pikinga o te mahi GST me te hekenga o te ihirangi GSH mā te 30%.
Ko ētahi o ngā hinu kakara i whakamahia i roto i tēnei rangahau i whakaatu i te kaha patu pepeke ki ngā pepeke Culex pipiens rite tonu ki te N. sativa32,33 me te S. officinalis34. Ko ētahi hinu kakara pērā i te T. vulgaris, S. officinalis, C. sempervirens me te A. graveolens i whakaatu i te kaha patu pepeke ki ngā pepeke namu me ngā uara LC90 i raro iho i te 200–300 ppm. Tērā pea nā ētahi take i puta ai tēnei hua, tae atu ki te rerekētanga o te ōrau o ōna wāhanga matua i runga i te takenga mai o te hinu huawhenua, te kounga o te hinu, te aro o te momo i whakamahia, ngā tikanga rokiroki o te hinu me ngā tikanga hangarau.
I roto i tēnei rangahau, kāore i tino whai hua te turmeric, engari ko ōna wāhanga 27 pērā i te curcumin me ngā monocarbonyl derivatives o te curcumin i whakaatu i te kaha patu i ngā pepeke ki a Culex pipiens me Aedes albopictus43, ā, ko te tango hexane o te turmeric i te kukū o te 1000 ppm mō ngā hāora 244 i whakaatu tonu i te kaha patu i ngā pepeke 100% ki a Culex pipiens me Aedes albopictus.
I pūrongohia ngā pānga patu pepeke rite tonu mō ngā tangohanga hexane o te rosemary (80 me te 160 ppm), i whakaiti i te mate mā te 100% i roto i ngā torongū Culex pipiens wāhanga 3 me te 4, ā, i whakapiki ake i te paitini mā te 50% i roto i ngā pupa me ngā pakeke.
I roto i te tātaritanga matū koiora i tēnei rangahau, i kitea ngā matū hohe matua o ngā hinu i tātarihia. He tino whai hua te hinu tī matomato hei patu pepeke, ā, he nui ngā polyphenols kei roto, he kaha ārai mate hoki, e ai ki tēnei rangahau. I puta mai ngā hua ōrite59. E kī ana ā mātou raraunga kei roto hoki i te hinu tī matomato ngā polyphenols pērā i te waikawa gallic, catechins, methyl gallate, waikawa caffeic, waikawa coumaric, naringenin, me te kaempferol, e whai wāhi atu ana ki tōna pānga patu pepeke.
I whakaatuhia e te tātaritanga koiora he pānga te hinu kakara o te Rhodiola rosea ki ngā rahui pūngao, inā koa ngā pūmua me ngā ngako30. Ko te rerekētanga i waenga i ā mātou hua me ērā o ētahi atu rangahau, tērā pea nā te mahi koiora me te hanganga matū o ngā hinu kakara, ka rerekē pea i runga i te pakeke o te tipu, te hanganga kiko, te takenga whenua, ngā wāhanga e whakamahia ana i roto i te tukanga whakatō, te momo whakatō, me te momo momo. Nō reira, ko te momo me te ihirangi o ngā kai hohe i roto i ia hinu kakara ka rerekē pea te kaha ārai-kino16.
Wā tuku: Mei-13-2025