一,te memenge o te fusarium
Ngā tohu o te kino:
Miro te memenge o te fusariumka puta mai i ngā tipu tipu ki ngā pakeke, ā, ko te nuinga o te wā ka puta i mua me muri i te pihinga. Ka taea te whakarōpū kia 5 ngā momo:
1. Momo Rau Kōwhai: Ka huri ngā uaua rau o te tipu mate ki te kōwhai, ka noho kakariki tonu te mesophyll, ā, ko ētahi, ko te nuinga rānei o ngā rau he kōwhai, ka memeha haere, ka maroke;
2. Momo kōwhai: Ka kōwhai, ka mimiti, ka maroke ngā taha rau, ka memeha, ka iti haere rānei ngā wāhanga nui o te rau;
3. Momo whero papura: Ka huri ngā wāhanga rau o te rohe, o ngā wāhanga nui rānei o te rau ki te whero papura, ā, ka puta hoki ngā uaua o ngā rau ki te whero papura, ka memeha haere, ka memeha haere;
4. Momo kākāriki memenge: Ka ngaro whakarere te wai o ngā rau, ka paku kakariki pouri te tae o ngā rau, ka ngawari, ka angiangi ngā rau, ka kakariki, ka maroke te tipu katoa, ka mate, engari kāore ngā rau e taka, ā, ka piko ngā kakau;
5. Momo mimiti: Ina 5-7 ngā rau tūturu, ka mimiti te nuinga o ngā rau o runga o te tipu mate, ka rerekē te āhua, ka kakariki pouri te tae, he poto ngā pito o roto, he poto ake i ngā tipu hauora, kāore e mate, ā, ka huri te xylem o te pakiaka me te wāhanga kakau o te tipu mate ki te parauri pango.
Tauira mate:
Ko te nuinga o te wā ka noho te mate pāwera o te miro ki roto i ngā purapura tipu mate, ngā toenga tipu mate, te oneone, me te paru kararehe i te takurua. Ko te kawe i ngā purapura poke te tino take o ngā wāhi mate hou, ā, ko ngā mahi ahuwhenua pēnei i te whakatipu, te whakahaere, me te whakamakuku i ngā māra miro e pāngia ana he mea nui hei horapa tata. Ka taea e ngā pua mate te tipu i roto i ngā pakiaka, ngā kakau, ngā rau, ngā anga, me ētahi atu o ngā tipu mate i te wā e nui ana te haumākū, ka horapa me te hauhautanga me te ua, ka pangia ngā tipu hauora e karapoti ana.
Te auau o te miro te memenge o te fusariumHe hononga tata ki te pāmahana me te haumākū. I te nuinga o te wā, ka tīmata te mate i te pāmahana oneone tata ki te 20 ℃, ā, ka eke ki tōna taumata teitei ina piki te pāmahana oneone ki te 25 ℃ -28 ℃; I te ua nui, i te raumati rānei, he kino te mate; Ka tino pāngia ngā mara miro me te whenua papaku, te oneone taumaha, te oneone kawakore, te waikeri ngoikore, te tono tongi hauota, me te whakatipu whānui.
Te ārai me te whakahaere matū:
1. I mua i te rui, whakamahia te 40% carbendazim • pentachloronitrobenzene, 50% methyl sulfur • thiram 500 times solution hei patu i te oneone;
2. I te tīmatanga o te mate, i whakamakukuhia ngā pakiaka ki te 40% carbendazim • pentachloronitrobenzene, 50% methylsulfide • thiram 600-800 ngā wā i ringihia ki te wai, ki te 500 ngā wā rānei i ringihia ki te wai, ki te 50% thiram 600-800 rānei, ki te 80% mancozeb 800-1000 ngā wā rānei, ā, he pānga nui ki te whakahaere i te mate;
3. Mō ngā mara e tino pāngia ana e te mate, i taua wā anō, ka whakamahia te 0.2% te otinga pāhare pākawa dihydrogen phosphate me te 1% te otinga urea mō te rehu rau i ia 5-7 rā, mō ngā wā e 2-3 karapīpiti. He mārama ake te pānga ārai mate.
二、Te Ngaro o te Miro Verticillium
Ngā tohu o te kino:
I mua atu, i muri hoki i te pihinga o te rau i te māra, ka tīmata te mate, ka ngaro te wai i ngā taha o ngā rau mate, ka memeha haere. Ka puta ngā wāhi kōwhai koretake i runga i te mesophyll i waenganui i ngā uaua rau, ka horapa haere hei wāhi matomato rite ki te nikau i runga i ngā uaua rau, he rite ki ngā kiri merengi. Ka whanake haere ngā rau o waenganui me raro ki te taha o runga, me te kore e hinga, e taka rānei ngā rau. He poto ake te tipu mate i te tipu hauora. I muri i te tauraki roa i te raumati me te ua nui, i te waipuke rānei, ka memeha ohorere ngā rau, me te mea kua wera i te wai kohua, kātahi ka hinga, e kiia ana ko te momo memeha tere.
Te ārai me te whakahaere matū:
1. Te whiriwhiri i ngā momo ātete mate me te whakatinana i te hurihanga me te hurihanga hua. I te rohe miro ki te raki, mā te whakamahi i te witi, te kānga, me te hurihanga miro ka taea te whakaiti i te horapa o ngā mate; mā te rehu i ngā matū whakatipu pēnei i a Sujie An i te wā e pihi ana me te pua ka taea te whakaiti i te putanga mai o te ngaromanga o te verticillium.
2. I te tīmatanga, i rehuhia te 80% mancozeb, 50% thiram, 50% methamphetamine, thiram me ētahi atu matū ki te 600-800 wā wai i ia 5-7 rā mō ngā wā e toru karapīpiti, ā, he pai te pānga ki te ārai i te ngaromanga o te miro verticillium.
三 、Ko ngā rerekētanga matua i waenga i te ngaromanga o te miro verticillium me te ngaromanga o te fusarium
1. Ka puta tōmuri te memenge o te Verticillium, ā, ka tīmata noa te puta i te wā e pihi ana; Ka taea e te memenge o te Fusarium te whakararu nui i te wā e tipu ana, engari ko te wā e pihi ana te wā tino nui o te mate.
2. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka tīmata te memenge o te Verticillium i ngā rau o raro, ko te memenge o te fusarium ia ka tīmata mai i runga ki raro.
3. Ka kōwhai te mesophyll i te ngaromanga o te Verticillium, ā, ka kōwhai ngā uaua i te ngaromanga o te fusarium.
4. Ka paku pakupaku te tipu i te ngoikore o te Verticillium, engari ka pakupaku te momo tipu i te ngoikore o te fusarium, ā, ka poto ake ngā peka;
5. I muri i te tapahi i te kakau, ka parauri mārama te ngenge o te paihere toto verticillium, ā, ka parauri pouri te ngenge o te fusarium.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-14-2023