I ngā tau tata nei, nā te tere haere o te noho tāone me te tere o te whakawhiti whenua, kua noho te hunga mahi taiwhenua ki ngā tāone nui, ā, kua piki haere te korenga o ngā kaimahi, ā, kua piki haere te utu o ngā mahi; ā, kua piki ake te ōwehenga o ngā wāhine i roto i te hunga mahi i ia tau, ā, kei te pāngia ngā rongoā mahi taumaha tuku iho e ngā wero. Ina koa me te whakatinanatanga tonu o te whakaiti i ngā patupatu me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga, ka taea te whakapai ake i te tere whakamahinga o ngā patupatu, te whakaiti i te mahi, me te whakatū i tētahi whai wāhitanga pai mō te whakawhanake i ngā whakatakotoranga whakaora mahi me ngā tikanga tono māmā ake. Ko ngā whakaritenga mahi whakaora mahi me te whakaora mahi pērā i ngā pata tauhiuhi, ngā paura mānu, ngā hinu horapa kiriata, ngā paura U, me ngā moroiti kua noho hei wāhi rangahau mō ngā umanga ahumahi i ngā tau tata nei, e whakatū ana i tētahi whai wāhitanga pai mō te whanaketanga. Kua nohoia e tō rātou whanaketanga me te tono he mākete nui i roto i ngā mara raihi, tae atu ki ētahi hua moni, ā, he whānui rawa ngā tirohanga.
Kei te pai haere te whanaketanga o ngā whakaritenga whakaora mahi
I roto i ngā tau tekau kua pahure ake nei, kua tere te whanaketanga o te hangarau hanga patu pepeke o tōku whenua, ā, kua tino kitea te ahunga whanaketanga ki te atawhai i te taiao; ko te whakapai ake i te mahi, te arotahi ki te haumaru matomato, me te whakaiti i te horopeta me te whakanui ake i te whai huatanga koia anake te huarahi mō te whanaketanga.
Ko ngā whakatakotoranga penapena-mahi he auahatanga whakatakotoranga e whai ana i te ia o te ao. Ina koa, ko te rangahau penapena-mahi mō ngā whakatakotoranga patupatu he tikanga ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te penapena i ngā hāora tangata me te mahi i roto i ngā mahi tono patupatu mā roto i ngā momo huarahi me ngā mahi, arā, te ako me pēhea te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tino penapena-mahi me te penapena-mahi hei tono tere me te tika i ngā matū hohe patupatu. Tāpirihia ki te rohe whainga o ngā hua.
I te ao whānui, ko Hapani te whenua e tere whanaketanga ana i roto i te hangarau whakaora mahi mō ngā patu pepeke, ā, whai muri ko Kōrea ki te Tonga. E toru ngā tukanga rangahau me te whanaketanga kua oti te whakawhanake i ngā whakatakotoranga whakaora mahi mai i ngā granules ki ngā granules nui, ngā whakatakotoranga pupuhi, ngā whakatakotoranga rere, ā, muri iho ki ngā whakatakotoranga hinu horapa kiriata, ngā granules mānu, me ngā granules U.
I roto i ngā tau tekau kua pahure ake nei, kua tere te whanaketanga o ngā whakatakotoranga whakaora mahi mō ngā patu pepeke i tōku whenua, ā, kua whakatairangahia anō hoki te whanaketanga me te hangarau o ngā whakatakotoranga e pā ana, ā, kua whakamahia hoki ki ngā hua e tohuhia ana e ngā mara raihi. I tēnei wā, ko ngā whakatakotoranga whakaora mahi mō ngā patu pepeke ko te hinu horapa kiriata, ngā paura mānu, ngā paura U, ngā moroiti, ngā kaihoko horapa mata wai, ngā kaihoko pupuhi (papa), ngā paura nui, ngā paura kukū teitei, ngā kaihoko paowa, ngā kaihoko mōunu, me ētahi atu momo.
I ngā tau tata nei, kua piki ake te maha o ngā whakaritenga whakaora mahi kua rēhitatia ki tōku whenua i ia tau. I te 26 o Oketopa, 2021, e whakaatu ana te China Pesticide Information Network e 24 ngā hua kua rēhitatia o ngā granules nui i tōku whenua, 10 ngā hua o te hinu horapa kiriata, 1 te hua kua rēhitatia o te kaihoko horapa mata wai, 146 ngā kaihoko paowa, 262 ngā kaihoko mōunu, me ngā papa pupuhi. 17 ngā horopeta me te 303 ngā whakaritenga microcapsule.
Mingde Lida, Zhongbao Lunong, Xin'an Chemical, Shaanxi Thompson, Shandong Kesaiji Nong, Chengdu Xinchaoyang, Shaanxi Xiannong, Jiangxi Zhongxun, Shandong Xianda, Hunan Dafang, Anhui Huaxing Chemical, etc. te rangatira.
Ko ngā whakaritenga e whakamahia nuitia ana hei penapena mahi i roto i ngā mara raihi
Ki te kī ko ngā whakaritenga whakaora mahi te mea e whakamahia nuitia ana, ā, kua tino pakari te pūnaha hangarau, ko te mara raihi tonu.
Ko ngā māra pāti ngā hua e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei rongoā whakaora-mahi i te kāinga me tāwāhi. Whai muri i te whanaketanga i ngā tau tata nei, ko ngā momo horopeta o ngā rongoā whakaora-mahi e whakamahia ana i ngā māra pāti i tōku whenua ko te hinu horapa kiriata, ngā paura mānu me ngā paura marara-mata-wai (ngā paura U). I roto i ēnei, ko te hinu horapa kiriata te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana.
Ko te hinu horapa kiriata he momo horopeta e whakarewa tika ana te patu pepeke taketake ki roto i te hinu. Ina koa, he hinu i hangaia mā te tāpiri i tētahi matū horapa me te horapa motuhake ki te hinu noa. Ina whakamahia, ka maturuturu tika ki te mara raihi hei hora, ā, i muri i te hora, ka horahia ki runga i te mata o te wai hei whakaatu i tōna pānga. I tēnei wā, ko ngā hua o te whare pēnei i te hinu horapa kiriata thifur·azoxystrobin 4%, te hinu horapa kiriata thiazide 8%, te hinu horapa kiriata tote spirulina ethanolamine 1%, me ētahi atu, ka pania mā te maturuturu, he tino watea. Kei roto i te hanganga o te hinu totoro kiriata ngā kai hohe, ngā matū horoi, me ngā whakarewa hinu, ā, ko ōna tohu whakahaere kounga ko te ihirangi kai hohe, te awhe pH, te kukū mata, te kukū ā-mata taurite, te makuku, te tere horapa, te horapa, te pumau pāmahana iti, te pumau rokiroki wera.
Ko ngā kirikiri mānu he momo hou o te hanganga patu pepeke e mānu tika ana i runga i te mata o te wai i muri i te maka ki roto i te wai, ka horapa tere ki te mata katoa o te wai, kātahi ka memeha, ka marara ki roto i te wai. Ko ōna wāhanga matua ko ngā matū hohe patu pepeke, ngā whakakī kawe mānu, ngā here, ngā kaiwhakamarara memeha, me ētahi atu. Ko te hanganga o ngā kirikiri mānu kei roto ko ngā matū hohe, te kawe mānu, me te kaiwhakamarara memeha, ā, ko ōna tohu whakahaere kounga ko te āhua, te wā memeha, te tere mānu, te tawhiti horapa, te tere memeha, me te memeha.
Ko ngā paura U he mea tito mai i ngā kai hohe, ngā kaikawe, ngā mea here me ngā mea horapa. Ina whakamahia ki ngā māra raihi, ka tau ngā paura ki te whenua mō te wā poto, kātahi ka hoki anō ngā paura ki te mānu. Hei whakamutunga, ka rewa te kai hohe, ka horapa ki ngā taha katoa o te mata o te wai. Ko te whanaketanga tuatahi ko te whakarite i te cypermethrin hei whakahaere i te pepeke wai raihi. Kei roto i te hanganga o ngā paura U ngā kai hohe, ngā kaikawe, ngā mea here, me ngā mea horapa, ā, ko ōna tohu whakahaere kounga ko te āhua, te wā tīmata ki te mānu, te wā whakaoti ki te mānu, te tawhiti horapa, te tere pakaru, me te pakaru.
E ai ki ngā kaitōrangapū o te umanga, kua whakatairangahia e Hapani me Kōrea ki te Tonga te whakamahinga o ngā paura U me ngā paura mānu i runga i te tauine nui, engari he iti noa ngā rangahau ā-rohe, ā, kāore anō kia tukuna he hua e pā ana ki te mākete. Heoi, e whakaponohia ana ka puta he hua paura mānu i runga i te mākete i Haina a te wā tata nei. I taua wā, ka whakakapia tonutia ētahi paura mānu mata wai tuku iho, ētahi hua papa mānu rānei i roto i ngā rongoā raihi, ā, ka taea ai te whakamahi i ngā hua raihi ā-rohe. Ka whai hua ngā kaimahi pāmu i te huarahi e whakamahia ai.
Ko ngā whakaritenga kua whakakīia ki roto i te kapia iti te mea e whai ake nei hei whakataetae nui i roto i te umanga.
I roto i ngā momo whakaritenga e penapena ana i te mahi, ko ngā whakaritenga kua whakakīia ki roto i te kapia moroiti te arotahi a te ahumahi i ngā tau tata nei.
Ko te whakatārewatanga o te pesticide microcapsule (CS) e pā ana ki tētahi whakatakotoranga pesticide e whakamahi ana i ngā rauemi polymer hangai, taiao rānei hei hanga i tētahi ipu-iti hanganga matua-anga, ka pania te pesticide ki roto, ka whakatarewahia ki roto i te wai. E rua ngā wāhanga o roto, he anga capsule me te matua capsule, ko te matua capsule he wāhanga hohe o ngā pesticide, ā, ko te anga capsule he rauemi polymer hanga-kiriata. I whakamahia tuatahitia te hangarau microencapsulation ki tāwāhi, tae atu ki ētahi patu pepeke me ngā harore, kua wikitoria i ngā raruraru hangarau me te utu, ā, kua kaha hoki te whakawhanake i Haina i ngā tau tata nei. E ai ki te uiuinga a te China Pesticide Information Network, tae noa ki te 26 o Oketopa, 2021, ko te maha o ngā hua whakarite microencapsulated kua rēhitatia ki tōku whenua ko te 303, ā, ko ngā whakatakotoranga kua rēhitatia ko te 245 ngā whakatārewatanga microcapsule, 33 ngā whakatārewatanga microcapsule, me ngā whakatārewatanga microcapsule maimoatanga purapura. 11 ngā kirikiri, 8 ngā kaihoko whakatārewatanga-whakatārewatanga mō ngā kākano iti, 3 ngā paura kākano iti, 7 ngā kirikiri kākano iti, 1 te kākano iti, me te 1 te whakaehu wai whakatārewatanga mō ngā kākano iti.
Ka kitea ko te maha o ngā whakatārewatanga moroiti kāpūkara kua rēhitatia i roto i ngā whakaritenga moroiti kāpūkara o te kāinga te mea nui rawa atu, ā, he iti noa iho ngā momo inenga kua rēhitatia, nō reira he nui te wāhi hei whakawhanake.
I kī a Liu Runfeng, te kaiwhakahaere o te R&D Center o Yunfa Biological Group, he pai ngā painga o ngā moroiti kāpūkara patu pepeke, hei hanganga pai mō te taiao, arā, he roa te pānga, he haumaru, he tiaki hoki i te taiao. Ko tētahi o ēnei he wāhi rangahau i ngā tau tata nei, ā, koinei anō hoki te whenua teitei hou e whai ake nei mō ngā kaihanga ki te whakataetae. I tēnei wā, ko te nuinga o ngā rangahau ā-rohe mō ngā kāpūkara he mea aro nui ki ngā whare wānanga me ngā whare rangahau pūtaiao, ā, he tino hohonu te rangahau ariā taketake. Nā te mea he maha ngā arai hangarau i roto i te tukanga whakaputa o ngā whakaritenga mōroiti kāpūkara, he iti iho i te 100 e hokohokohia ana, ā, tata kore rawa he whakaritenga mōroiti kāpūkara i Haina. Ko ngā hua kāpūkara he umanga whakarite patu pepeke me te whakataetae matua.
I roto i te whakataetae nui o te mākete o nāianei, me te tūnga pumau o ngā kamupene tawhito o tāwāhi i roto i ngā ngākau o te iwi Haina, ko ngā kamupene auaha ā-rohe pērā i a Mingde Lida, Hailier, Lier, me Guangxi Tianyuan e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kounga hei pakaru i te whakapaenga. I roto i a rātou, i pakaruhia e Mingde Lida te whakaaro kāore ngā hua Haina i te rite te pai ki ngā kamupene o tāwāhi i runga i tēnei ara.
Nā Liu Runfeng i whakauru mai ko te hangarau microencapsulation te kaupapa matua o te whakataetae a Mindelader. Kua whakawhanakehia e Mindelader ngā matū pēnei i te beta-cyhalothrin, metolachlor, prochloraz, me te abamectin: Neke atu i te 20 ngā hua kua whakamanahia, ā, kei te tūtaki ki te rēhitatanga i roto i ngā rāngai matua e whā: te raupapa microcapsule harore patu huakita, te raupapa microcapsule patu huakita, te raupapa microcapsule patu huakita, me te raupapa microcapsule paninga purapura. He maha ngā hua kua hipokina, pēnei i te raihi, te citrus, ngā huawhenua, te witi, te aporo, te kānga, te aporo, te karepe, te pīnati, me ētahi atu.
I tēnei wā, ko ngā hua moroiti a Mingde Lida kua rārangihia, kua tata rānei te rārangihia ki Haina ko Delica® (25% beta-cyhalothrin me te clothianidin microcapsule suspension-suspension agent), Lishan® (45% essence Metolachlor Microcapsule Suspension), Lizao® (30% Oxadiazone·Butachlor Microcapsule Suspension), Minggong® (30% Prochloraz Microcapsule Suspension), Jinggongfu ® (23% beta-cyhalothrin microcapsule suspension), Miaowanjin® (25% clothianidin·metalaxyl·fludioxonil seed treatment microcapsule suspension-suspension), Deliang® (5% Abamectin Microcapsule Suspension), Mingdaoshou® (25% Prochloraz·Blastamide Microcapsule Suspension), me ētahi atu. I ngā rā kei te heke mai, ka nui ake ngā whakatakotoranga whakakotahi auaha kua hangaia hei moroiti. I te taenga mai o te rēhitatanga o tāwāhi, ka āta whakatairangahia, ka whakamahia hoki ngā hua moroiti a Mingde Lida puta noa i te ao.
I a ia e kōrero ana mō te ia o te rangahau me te whanaketanga o ngā moroiti-kapihana patu pepeke ā muri ake nei, i whakaatu a Liu Runfeng e rima ngā huarahi e whai ake nei: ① mai i te tukunga puhoi ki te tukunga whakahaere; ② ngā rauemi pakitara e pai ana ki te taiao hei utu mō ngā rauemi pakitara hangai hei whakaiti i te tukunga o ngā "moroiti-kirihou" ki te taiao; ③ i runga i te hoahoa Tātai mō ngā horopaki tono rerekē; ④ Ngā tikanga whakarite haumaru ake, e pai ana ki te taiao; ⑤ Ngā paearu aromatawai pūtaiao. Ko te whakapai ake i te pumau kounga o ngā hua whakatārewatanga moroiti-kapihana te arotahi a ngā umanga e tohuhia ana e Mingde Lida ā muri ake nei.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, me te whanaketanga hōhonu o te whakaiti i ngā patu pepeke me te whakarei ake i te whai huatanga, ka nui ake te tono me te kaha o te mākete mō ngā whakatakotoranga whakaora mahi, ā, ka kore he mutunga o tōna heke mai. He pono, ka nui ake ngā kamupene whakarite pai rawa atu e rere mai ana ki tēnei ara, ā, ka kaha ake te whakataetae. Nō reira, e karanga ana te hunga o te umanga kia whakapakari ake ngā kamupene patu pepeke ā-rohe i te rangahau me te whanaketanga o ngā whakatakotoranga patu pepeke, kia whakanui ake i te haumitanga rangahau pūtaiao, kia tūhuratia te whakamahinga o te hangarau i roto i te tukatuka patu pepeke, kia whakatairanga i te whanaketanga o ngā whakatakotoranga whakaora mahi, kia pai ake ai te mahi ahuwhenua.
Wā tuku: Mei-05-2022