Ko tēheangā phytohormonesHe mahi nui tā ngā phytohormones ki te whakahaere i te tauraki? Me pēhea te urutau a ngā phytohormones ki ngā huringa taiao? He tuhinga i whakaputaina i roto i te puka Trends in Plant Science e whakamārama ana, e whakarōpū ana hoki i ngā mahi a ngā momo phytohormones 10 kua kitea i roto i te ao tipu tae noa ki tēnei wā. He mahi nui tā ēnei ngota i roto i ngā tipu, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te ahuwhenua hei patu taru, hei whakaoho koiora, hei whakaputa hua me te huawhenua.
E whakaatu ana hoki te rangahau ko tēheangā phytohormoneshe mea nui ēnei mō te urutau ki ngā āhuatanga taiao e huri haere ana (te korenga o te wai, te waipuke, me ētahi atu) me te whakarite kia ora tonu ngā tipu i roto i ngā taiao tino kino. Ko te kaituhi o te rangahau ko Sergi Munne-Bosch, he ahorangi i te Faculty of Biology me te Institute of Biodiversity (IRBio) i te Whare Wānanga o Barcelona me te upoko o te Integrated Research Group on Antioxidants in Agricultural Biotechnology.
"Mai i te kitenga o Fritz W. Went i te auxin hei take wehewehe pūtau i te tau 1927, kua hurihia e ngā putanga pūtaiao i roto i ngā phytohormones te koiora tipu me te hangarau ahuwhenua," te kī a Munne-Bosch, he ahorangi mō te koiora whanaketanga, te rauropi, me ngā pūtaiao taiao.
Ahakoa te tūranga nui o te raupapatanga phytohormone, kāore anō kia tino ahu whakamua ngā rangahau whakamātautau i tēnei wāhanga. He tūranga nui tā ngā auxin, ngā cytokinin, me ngā gibberellins i roto i te tipu me te whanaketanga o ngā tipu, ā, e ai ki te raupapatanga homoni kua whakaarohia e ngā kaituhi, ko rātou ngā kaiwhakahaere matua.
I te taumata tuarua,waikawa abscisic (ABA), te ethylene, te salicylates, me te waikawa jasmonic e āwhina ana ki te whakahaere i ngā urupare pai o ngā tipu ki ngā āhuatanga taiao e huri haere ana, ā, he mea matua ēnei e whakatau ana i ngā urupare ahotea. "He mea nui te ethylene me te waikawa abscisic i raro i te ahotea wai. Ko te waikawa abscisic te kawenga mō te katinga o ngā stomata (ngā pūwero iti i roto i ngā rau e whakahaere ana i te whakawhiti hau) me ētahi atu urupare ki te ahotea wai me te maroke. Ka taea e ētahi tipu te whakamahi wai tino whai hua, nā te mahi whakahaere a te waikawa abscisic," te kī a Munne-Bosch. Ko ngā brassinosteroids, ngā homoni peptide, me ngā strigolactones te tuatoru o ngā taumata o ngā homoni, e whakarato ana i te ngāwari ake o ngā tipu ki te urupare pai ki ngā āhuatanga rerekē.
Hei tāpiri atu, kāore anō kia tutuki katoa ngā whakaritenga mō ngā phytohormone i ētahi ngota ngota e hiahiatia ana mō ngā phytohormone, ā, kei te tatari tonu kia tautuhia whakamutunga. "Ko te melatonin me te waikawa γ-aminobutyric (GABA) ētahi tauira pai e rua. Ka tutuki i te melatonin ngā whakaritenga katoa, engari kei ngā wāhanga tōmua tonu te tautuhi i tōna kaiwhakawhiwhi (i tēnei wā, ko te kaiwhakawhiwhi PMTR1 anake i kitea i roto i te Arabidopsis thaliana). Heoi, i roto i ngā rā kei mua, tera pea ka tae te hapori pūtaiao ki tētahi whakaae me te whakaū i a ia hei phytohormone."
"Mō te GABA, kāore anō kia kitea he kaiwhakawhiwhi i roto i ngā tipu. Ka whakahaere te GABA i ngā hongere katote, engari he mea miharo ehara i te mea he neurotransmitter, he homoni kararehe rānei e mōhiotia ana i roto i ngā tipu," te kī a te tohunga.
I te mea he mea nui ngā rōpū phytohormone i roto i te pūtaiao i ngā rā kei te heke mai, ehara i te mea he mea nui noa iho i roto i te koiora taketake engari he mea nui anō hoki i roto i ngā mara o te ahuwhenua me te hangarau koiora tipu, he mea tika kia whakawhānui ake i tō tātou mōhiotanga ki ngā rōpū phytohormone.
"He mea nui kia rangahauhia ngā phytohormones kāore anō kia tino māramahia, pērā i ngā strigolactones, brassinosteroids, me ngā peptide hormones. Me nui ake ngā rangahau mō ngā taunekeneke homoni, he wāhanga kāore anō kia tino māramahia, me ngā ngota kāore anō kia whakarōpūtia hei phytohormones, pērā i te melatonin me te gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)," te whakatau a Sergi Munne-Bosch. Puna: Munne-Bosch, S. Phytohormones:
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 13-2025