Pikitia: Ko ngā tikanga tuku iho mō te whakaora tipu me whakamahi i ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu pērā i ngā homoni, he momo motuhake, he nui hoki te mahi. I roto i tētahi rangahau hou, kua whakawhanakehia e ngā kaipūtaiao tētahi pūnaha whakaora tipu hou mā te whakahaere i te mahi me te whakaaturanga o ngā ira e uru ana ki te dedifferentiation (te tipu pūtau) me te redifferentiation (organogenesis) o ngā pūtau tipu. Tirohia atu
Ko ngā tikanga tuku iho mō te whakaora tipu e hiahia ana ki te whakamahi ingā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipupērā ihomonis, ka taea te mahi motuhake ki ngā momo me te nui o te mahi. I roto i tētahi rangahau hou, kua whakawhanakehia e ngā kaipūtaiao tētahi pūnaha whakaora tipu hou mā te whakahaere i te mahi me te whakaaturanga o ngā ira e whai wāhi ana ki te dedifferentiation (te tipu pūtau) me te redifferentiation (organogenesis) o ngā pūtau tipu.
Ko ngā tipu te pūtake matua o te kai mā ngā kararehe me te tangata mō ngā tau maha. Hei tāpiri, ka whakamahia ngā tipu hei tango i ngā momo matū rongoā me te rongoā. Heoi, ko te whakamahinga hē me te pikinga o te hiahia mō te kai e whakaatu ana i te hiahia mō ngā tikanga whakatipu tipu hou. Mā ngā whanaketanga o te hangarau koiora tipu ka taea te whakatau i te korenga o te kai ā muri ake nei mā te whakaputa i ngā tipu kua whakarerekētia te ira (GM) he nui ake te hua me te ātete ki te huringa āhuarangi.
I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea e ngā tipu te whakaora i ngā tipu hou mai i tētahi pūtau "totipotent" kotahi (he pūtau ka taea te whakaputa i ngā momo pūtau maha) mā te wetewete me te wehewehe anō ki ngā pūtau he rerekē ngā hanganga me ngā mahi. Ko te whakatikatika horihori o aua pūtau totipotent mā te whakatipu kiko tipu e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te tiaki tipu, te whakatipu uri, te whakaputa momo whakawhiti ira me ngā kaupapa rangahau pūtaiao. I ngā wā o mua, ko te whakatipu kiko mō te whakaora tipu me whakamahi i ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu (GGR), pērā i ngā auxin me ngā cytokinin, hei whakahaere i te rerekētanga o ngā pūtau. Heoi, ka rerekē pea ngā āhuatanga homoni pai rawa atu i runga i te momo tipu, ngā āhuatanga whakatipu me te momo kiko. Nō reira, ko te hanga i ngā āhuatanga tūhura pai rawa atu he mahi roa, he mahi nui hoki.
Hei whakakore i tēnei raruraru, i whakawhanakehia e Ahorangi Tuarua Tomoko Ikawa, me Ahorangi Tuarua Mai F. Minamikawa o Te Whare Wānanga o Chiba, Ahorangi Hitoshi Sakakibara o Te Kura Paerua o Ngā Pūtaiao Ahuwhenua Koiora o Te Whare Wānanga o Nagoya, me Mikiko Kojima, he tohunga hangarau nō RIKEN CSRS, tētahi tikanga whānui mō te whakahaere tipu mā te whakahaere. Te whakapuakitanga o ngā ira rerekētanga pūtau "whakahaeretia te whanaketanga" (DR) hei whakatutuki i te whakaoranga tipu. I whakaputaina ki te Pukapuka 15 o Frontiers in Plant Science i te 3 o Paenga-whāwhā, 2024, i whakarato a Tākuta Ikawa i ētahi atu kōrero mō ā rātou mahi rangahau, me te kī: "Kāore tā mātou pūnaha e whakamahi i ngā PGR o waho, engari e whakamahi ana i ngā ira tauwehenga whakawhiti hei whakahaere i te rerekētanga pūtau. he rite ki ngā pūtau pluripotent i puta mai i roto i ngā kararehe whakangote."
I whakaputahia e ngā kairangahau ngā ira DR e rua, arā, ko BABY BOOM (BBM) me WUSCHEL (WUS), mai i Arabidopsis thaliana (i whakamahia hei tauira tipu) ā, i tirotirohia ō rātou pānga ki te rerekētanga o te ahurea kiko o te tupeka, te rētihi me te petunia. Ka whakamāramahia e te BBM tētahi ira whakawhiti e whakahaere ana i te whanaketanga o te kukune, engari ko te WUS ka whakamāramahia he ira whakawhiti e pupuri ana i te tuakiri pūtau take i te rohe o te meristem apical o te wana.
I whakaatuhia e ā rātou whakamātautau kāore e ranea te whakaaturanga o te Arabidopsis BBM, te WUS rānei anake hei whakaoho i te rerekētanga pūtau i roto i te kiko rau tupeka. He rerekē, ko te whakaaturanga tahi o te BBM whakarei ake i te mahi me te WUS whakarerekētia i te mahi ka whakaoho i te momo rerekētanga motuhake tere. Ki te kore e whakamahia te PCR, ka wehewehea ngā pūtau rau whakawhiti ki roto i te callus (papatipu pūtau koretake), ngā hanganga matomato rite ki te okana me ngā puku hou. Ko te tātaritanga tauhohenga mekameka polymerase tauanga (qPCR), he tikanga e whakamahia ana hei ine i ngā tuhinga ira, i whakaatu i te hononga o te whakaaturanga Arabidopsis BBM me te WUS ki te hanganga o ngā calli me ngā wana whakawhiti.
I runga i te whakaaro ki te tūranga nui o ngā phytohormones i roto i te wehenga me te rerekētanga o ngā pūtau, i inehia e ngā kairangahau ngā taumata o ngā phytohormones e ono, arā, te auxin, te cytokinin, te waikawa abscisic (ABA), te gibberellin (GA), te waikawa jasmonic (JA), te waikawa salicylic (SA) me ōna metabolites i roto i ngā hua tipu whakawhiti-ira. I whakaatuhia e ā rātou hua ka piki ake ngā taumata o te auxin hohe, te cytokinin, te ABA, me te GA kore-hohe i te mea ka rerekē ngā pūtau ki ngā okana, e whakaatu ana i ō rātou tūranga i roto i te rerekētanga me te organogenesis o ngā pūtau tipu.
Hei tāpiritanga, i whakamahia e ngā kairangahau ngā transcriptomes raupapatanga RNA, he tikanga mō te tātari kounga me te tātari tauanga o te whakaaturanga ira, hei aromatawai i ngā tauira o te whakaaturanga ira i roto i ngā pūtau whakawhiti ira e whakaatu ana i te rerekētanga hohe. I whakaatuhia e ā rātou hua ko ngā ira e pā ana ki te tipu pūtau me te auxin i whakanuia i roto i ngā ira rerekē te whakahaere. I whakaatuhia e te whakamātautau anō mā te whakamahi i te qPCR kua piki ake, kua heke rānei te whakaaturanga o ngā ira e whā i roto i ngā pūtau whakawhiti ira, tae atu ki ngā ira e whakahaere ana i te rerekētanga pūtau tipu, te pākia o te pūtau, te organogenesis, me te urupare auxin.
I te nuinga o te wā, e whakaatu ana ēnei hua i tētahi huarahi hou, whai hua hoki ki te whakaora tipu, kāore e hiahiatia he tono PCR mai i waho. Hei tāpiri, mā te pūnaha e whakamahia ana i roto i tēnei rangahau ka whakapai ake i tō tātou māramatanga ki ngā tukanga taketake o te rerekētanga o ngā pūtau tipu, me te whakapai ake i te kōwhiringa hangarau koiora o ngā momo tipu whai hua.
I a ia e whakamārama ana i ngā whakamahinga pea o tana mahi, i kī a Tākuta Ikawa, "Ka taea e te pūnaha kua pūrongohia te whakapai ake i te whakatipu tipu mā te whakarato i tētahi taputapu hei whakaoho i te rerekētanga pūtau o ngā pūtau tipu whakawhiti ira me te kore e hiahiatia he PCR. Nō reira, i mua i te whakaaetia o ngā tipu whakawhiti ira hei hua, ka tere ake te whakatipu tipu a te hapori, ā, ka whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa e pā ana."
Mō te Ahorangi Tuarua Tomoko Igawa He ahorangi āwhina a Tākuta Tomoko Ikawa i te Kura Paerua o te Māra, te Pokapū mō ngā Pūtaiao Tipu Ngongo, me te Pokapū mō te Ahuwhenua Ātea me te Rangahau Māra, Te Whare Wānanga o Chiba, Hapani. Ko ana hiahia rangahau ko te whakaputa uri me te whanaketanga ā-ira o ngā tipu me te hangarau koiora tipu. Ko tana mahi e arotahi ana ki te mārama ki ngā tikanga ngota o te whakaputa uri ā-ira me te rerekētanga o ngā pūtau tipu mā te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha whakawhiti ira. He maha āna tuhinga i roto i ēnei mara, ā, he mema ia nō te Japan Society of Plant Biotechnology, te Botanical Society of Japan, te Japanese Plant Breeding Society, te Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists, me te International Society for the Study of Plant Sexual Reproduction.
Te rerekētanga motuhake o ngā pūtau whakawhiti ira me te kore whakamahi i ngā homoni o waho: te whakaaturanga o ngā ira taketake me te whanonga o ngā phytohormones
E kī ana ngā kaituhi i whakahaerehia te rangahau i te korenga o tētahi whanaungatanga arumoni, whanaungatanga pūtea rānei ka taea te whakamārama hei taupatupatu pānga pea.
Whakakape: Kāore a AAAS me EurekAlert e whai kawenga mō te tika o ngā panuitanga pāpāho kua whakaputaina ki EurekAlert! Te whakamahinga o ngā mōhiohio e te whakahaere e whakarato ana i ngā mōhiohio, mā te pūnaha EurekAlert rānei.
Wā tuku: 22 o Ākuhata-2024