Whai muri i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao i ngā tau 1950, tata kore rawa ngā pepeke moenga i te ao katoa mā te whakamahi i ngāngārara patu pepekeKo te dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te DDT, he matū kua aukatia i taua wā. Heoi anō, kua ara ake anō ngā pepeke o te tāone huri noa i te ao, ā, kua ātete rātou ki ngā momo patu pepeke e whakamahia ana hei whakahaere i a rātou.
E whakaatu ana tētahi rangahau i whakaputaina i roto i te Journal of Medical Entomology i te āhua o te kitenga a tētahi rōpū rangahau nō Virginia Tech, i raro i te kaiārahi a te tohunga pepeke tāone a Warren Booth, i ngā whakarerekētanga ira ka arahi atu ki te ātete ki ngā patu pepeke.
Ko te kitenga tēnei i puta mai i te rangahau i whakaritea e Booth mā te tauira paerua a Camilla Block hei whakapai ake i ana pūkenga rangahau ngota.
Kua roa a Booth, he tohunga ki ngā pepeke o te tāone, e kite ana i tētahi whakarerekētanga ira i roto i ngā pūtau io o ngā pepeke Tiamana me ngā pepeke mā, ā, nā tēnā i ātete ai rātou ki ngā patupatu. I kī a Booth kia tangohia e Block tētahi tauira o tētahi pepeke moenga mai i ia taupori pepeke moenga rerekē e 134 i kohia e ngā kamupene whakahaere pepeke o Amerika Te Raki i waenga i te tau 2008 me te tau 2022 kia kite ai mēnā he rite tonu te whakarerekētanga pūtau o ia momo pepeke. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua he rite tonu te whakarerekētanga pūtau o ngā pepeke moenga e rua mai i ngā taupori rerekē e rua.
"Koinei aku tauira whakamutunga e 24," te kī a Bullock, he kairangahau mō ngā pepeke, ā, he mema hoki nō te Invasive Species Partnership. "Kāore anō kia mahia e au he rangahau ngota i mua, nō reira he mea nui ki ahau te whai i ēnei pūkenga ngota katoa."
Nā te mea he ōrite te ira o ngā whakaekenga o ngā pepeke moenga nā te nui o te whakatipuranga, kotahi noa te tauira mai i ia tauira e tohu ana i te taupori. Engari i hiahia a Booth ki te whakaū kua kitea e Bullock te whakarerekētanga ira, nō reira i whakamatauria e rātou ngā tauira katoa mai i ngā taupori e rua kua tautuhia.
"I tā mātou tirotiro i ētahi tāngata mai i ngā taupori e rua, i kitea e mātou kei roto i ia tangata te whakarerekētanga ira," te kī a Booth. "Nō reira, he pumau ā rātou whakarerekētanga ira, ā, koia tonu ngā whakarerekētanga ira i kitea e mātou i roto i te pepeke Tiamana."
Mā te ako i ngā pepeke Tiamana, i ako a Booth ko tō rātou ātete ki ngā patu pepeke i ahu mai i ngā whakarerekētanga ira i roto i ngā pūtau o te pūnaha io, ā, ko ēnei tikanga i whakatauhia e te taiao.
"Tērā tētahi ira e kiia nei ko te ira Rdl. Kua kitea tēnei ira i roto i te maha atu o ngā momo pepeke, ā, e pā ana ki te ātete ki tētahi patu pepeke e kiia nei ko te dieldrin," te kī a Booth, e mahi ana hoki i te Fralin Institute of Life Sciences. "Kei roto i ngā pepeke Tiamana katoa tēnei whakarerekētanga ira. He mea miharo kāore anō kia kitea e mātou he taupori kāore tēnei whakarerekētanga ira."
Ko te Fipronil me te dieldrin, e rua ngā patu pepeke kua whakaatuhia he whai hua ki ngā pepeke moenga i roto i te taiwhanga, he rite tonu te tikanga mahi, nō reira, i roto i te ariā, nā te whakarerekētanga ira i hanga te pepeke kia ātete ki ngā mea e rua, e ai ki a Booth. Kua aukatia te Dieldrin mai i te tekau tau atu i 1990, engari ko te fipronil inaianei ka whakamahia hei whakahaere puruhi ā-papa i runga i ngā ngeru me ngā kuri, ehara i te mea mō ngā pepeke moenga.
E whakapae ana a Booth he maha ngā kaipupuri mōkai e whakamahi ana i ngā maimoatanga fipronil ā-kiri e tuku ana i ā rātou ngeru me ā rātou kurī kia moe tahi me rātou, ka kitea ai ō rātou moenga ki ngā toenga fipronil. Mēnā ka whakaurua ngā pepeke moenga ki roto i tēnei taiao, ka tūpono ka pāngia rātou e te fipronil, ā, ka taea te whiriwhiri i te whakarerekētanga ira mō roto i te taupori pepeke moenga.
"Kāore mātou i te mōhio mēnā he mea hou tēnei whakarerekētanga ira, mēnā i puta mai i muri i tēnei, mēnā i puta mai i tēnei wā, mēnā rānei kua kitea kētia i roto i te taupori 100 tau ki muri," te kī a Booth.
Ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te whakawhānui i te rapu me te rapu i ēnei whakarerekētanga ira i ngā wāhi rerekē o te ao, inā koa i Ūropi, me ngā wā rerekē i roto i ngā tauira whare taonga, mai i te mea kua noho ngā pepeke moenga mō te neke atu i te miriona tau.
I te Whiringa-ā-rangi 2024, mō te wā tuatahi i angitu ai te raupapatanga a te taiwhanga o Booth i te ira katoa o te pepeke moenga noa.
I kite a Booth ko te raruraru o te DNA whare taonga he tere rawa te pakaru ki ngā kongakonga iti, engari nā te mea kua whai tauira ngā kairangahau i te taumata chromosome, ka taea e rātou te tango i aua kongakonga ka whakarite anō kia noho hei chromosome, ka hanga anō i ngā ira me te genome.
I kī a Booth kei te mahi tahi tana taiwhanga me ngā kamupene whakahaere riha, nō reira mā tā rātou mahi raupapatanga ira ka āwhina i a rātou ki te mārama ake ki ngā wāhi e kitea ai ngā pepeke moenga huri noa i te ao, me pēhea hoki te āwhina ki te whakakore i a rātou.
Nā te mea kua whakakoi a Bullock i ōna pūkenga ngota ngota, kei te tumanako ia ki te haere tonu i ana rangahau mō te whanaketanga o ngā tāone.
"He pai ki ahau te whanaketanga. Ki taku whakaaro he tino whakamere," te kī a Block. "Kei te whanake haere te hononga hohonu ake a te tangata ki ēnei momo kararehe o te tāone, ā, ki taku whakaaro he māmā ake te kukume i te aro o te tangata ki ngā pepeke moenga nā te mea ka taea e rātou te hono atu ki tēnei mea."
Wā tuku: Mei-13-2025