I muri i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, i pā kino ngā pepeke moenga ki te ao katoa, engari i ngā tau 1950 i tata ngaro katoatia rātou mā te patu ngarara dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Nō muri mai ka aukatia tēnei matū. Mai i taua wā, kua hoki mai anō tēnei pepeke tāone puta noa i te ao, ā, kua ātete ki ngā patu ngarara maha e whakamahia ana hei whakahaere i a rātou.
E whakaatu ana tētahi rangahau i whakaputaina i roto i te Journal of Medical Entomology i te āhua o te kitenga a tētahi rōpū rangahau nō Virginia Tech, i arahina e te tohunga pepeke tāone a Warren Booth, i tētahi whakarerekētanga ira ka arahi atu ki te ātete ki ngā patu pepeke.
Ko ēnei kitenga he hua nō tētahi rangahau i hangaia e Booth mā te tauira paerua a Camille Block hei whakawhanake i ōna pūkenga ki te rangahau ngota.
"He haerenga hī ika noa iho," te kī a Booth, he ahorangi tuarua mō te mātai pepeke tāone i te Kāreti Ahuwhenua me ngā Pūtaiao Ora o Joseph R. and Mary W. Wilson.
I mōhio kē a Booth, he tohunga mō ngā pepeke o te tāone, mō tētahi whakarerekētanga ira i roto i ngā pūtau io o ngā pepeke Tiamana me ngā pepeke mā i ārai i ngā patupatu. I kī atu a Booth kia tātarihia e Brooke tētahi tauira o ngā pepeke moenga mai i ia o ngā taupori rerekē 134 i kohia e tētahi kamupene whakahaere pepeke o Amerika Te Raki i waenga i te tau 2008 me te tau 2022 hei whakatau mēnā he rite tonu te whakarerekētanga pūtau kei a rātou. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua e rua ngā pepeke moenga mai i ngā taupori rerekē e rua i kawe i te whakarerekētanga.
"I ahu mai tēnei (kitenga) i aku tauira whakamutunga e 24," te kī a Block, e ako ana i te mātauranga pepeke, ā, he mema hoki ia nō te Invasive Species Collaboration. "Kāore anō kia mahi ahau i te koiora ngota i mua, nō reira he mea nui te ako i ēnei pūkenga māku."
Nā te mea he tino ōrite ngā ira o ngā taupori pepeke moenga, ko te nuinga nā te whakatipu uri, he nui te tauira kotahi mai i ia taupori hei tohu i te rōpū katoa. Heoi, hei whakamana i te kitenga pono a Brock i te whakarerekētanga ira, i whakamatauria e Booth ngā tauira katoa mai i ngā taupori e rua kua tautuhia.
"I tā mātou whakamātautau anō i ētahi tāngata i roto i ngā taupori e rua, i kitea e mātou he mau katoa tēnei whakarerekētanga ira," te kī a Booth. "Nō reira i whakapumautia ai ko rātou ngā kaikawe o ēnei whakarerekētanga ira, ā, ko ēnei whakarerekētanga ira ko ngā mea i kitea e mātou i roto i ngā pepeke Tiamana."
Nā roto i āna rangahau mō ngā pepeke Tiamana, i ako a Booth ko tō rātou ātete ki ngā patupatu pepeke i ahu mai i ngā whakarerekētanga ira i roto i ngā pūtau o tō rātou pūnaha io, ā, i whakawhirinaki ēnei tikanga ki te taiao.
"He ira kei reira, ko te ira Rdl te ingoa. Kua kitea i roto i te maha atu o ngā momo pepeke, ā, e pā ana ki te ātete ki te dieldrin patu pepeke," te kī a Booth, he kairangahau i te Fralin Institute of Life Sciences. "Kei roto i ngā pepeke Tiamana katoa tēnei whakarerekētanga ira. He mea miharo, kāore anō kia kitea e mātou tētahi taupori kāore e mau ana i tēnei whakarerekētanga ira."
E ai ki a Booth, ko te fipronil me te dieldrin—he mea whai hua ngā patu pepeke e rua i roto i ngā rangahau taiwhanga—he rite tonu te tikanga mahi, nō reira, i roto i te ariā, ka taea e tēnei whakarerekētanga te arahi ki te whanaketanga o te ātete ki ngā rongoā e rua. Kua aukatia te Dieldrin mai i te tekau tau atu i 1990, engari kei te whakamahia tonutia te fipronil mō te rongoā puruhi i runga i ngā kurī me ngā ngeru, ehara i te mea mō te whakahaere i ngā pepeke moenga.
E whakapae ana a Booth he maha ngā kaipupuri mōkai e whakamahi ana i ngā pata fipronil hei rongoā i ā rātou mōkai ka tuku i ā rātou ngeru me ā rātou kurī kia moe tahi me rātou, ka kitea ō rātou moenga ki ngā toenga fipronil. Mēnā ka uru ngā pepeke moenga ki tēnei taiao, ka pā atu pea rātou ki te fipronil, ā, ka tere ake te horapa o tēnei momo i roto i te taupori.
"Kāore mātou i te mōhio mēnā he mea hou tēnei whakarerekētanga ira, mēnā i puta mai i muri mai, i taua wā rānei, mēnā rānei kua kitea kētia i roto i te taupori 100 tau ki muri," te kī a Booth.
Ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te whakawhānui ake i te rapunga hei kimi i ēnei whakarerekētanga ira puta noa i te ao, inā koa i Ūropi, me ngā whakaaturanga whare taonga mai i ngā wā rerekē, nā te mea kua noho ngā pepeke moenga mō ngā tau neke atu i te miriona.
I te Whiringa-ā-rangi 2024, ko Booth Labs te taiwhanga tuatahi i angitu ki te raupapa i te ira katoa o te pepeke moenga noa.
"Koinei te wā tuatahi kua raupapahia te ira o tēnei pepeke," te kī a Booth. "Nā te mea kua whiwhi tātou i te raupapa ira, ka taea e tātou te ako i ēnei tauira whare taonga."
E kī ana a Booth ko te raruraru o te DNA whare taonga he tere rawa te pakaru ki ngā kongakonga iti, engari kei ngā kairangahau ngā tauira taumata-ira e āhei ai rātou ki te tango i ēnei kongakonga me te whakarite ki ēnei ira hei hanga anō i ngā ira me ngā ira tūturu.
E ai ki a Booth kei te mahi tahi tana taiwhanga me ngā kamupene whakahaere riha, nō reira mā tā rātou mahi raupapatanga ira ka āwhina i a rātou ki te mārama ake ki te horapa o ngā pepeke moenga puta noa i te ao me ngā huarahi hei whakakore i a rātou.
Nā te mea kua whakakoi a Brock i ōna pūkenga ki te koiora ngota, e harikoa ana ia ki te haere tonu i tana rangahau mō te whanaketanga o ngā tāone.
"He pai ki ahau te whanaketanga. He tino whakamere ki ahau," te kī a Block. "He hononga nui tō te tangata ki ēnei momo kararehe o te tāone, ā, ki taku whakaaro he māmā ake te kukume i te aro o te tangata ki ngā pepeke moenga nā te mea kua tūtaki pea rātou ki a rātou."
He hoa rangahau paerua a Lindsay Myers i te Tari Mātai Entomology, ā, ko tētahi atu mema o te rōpū rangahau a Booth i Virginia Tech.
Hei whare wānanga ā-ao, e utua ana e te iwi whānui, e whakaatu ana a Virginia Tech i tōna pānga mā te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga tauwhiro i roto i ō tātou hapori, i Virginia, me te ao whānui.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-12-2025