I pā mai ētahi ua nui i te marama o Hune o tēnei tau, ā, i whakaroa i te mahi tarutaru me te whakato i ētahi. Tērā pea he tauraki kei mua, ā, ka noho pukumahi mātou i roto i te māra me te pāmu.
He mea nui te whakahaere pepeke whakauru mō te whakaputa hua me te huawhenua. He maha ngā rautaki e whakamahia ana hei whakahaere i ngā pepeke me ngā mate kia pumau tonu, tae atu ki te whakawhanake i ngā momo ātete ki te mate, te maimoatanga purapura wai wera, te hurihanga hua, te whakahaere wai, me ngā hua mahanga.
Ko ētahi atu tikanga ko ngā whakahaere taiao me ngā whakahaere koiora, ngā tikanga akuaku, ngā whakahaere ā-pūkaha me ngā whakahaere ahurea, ngā paepae mahi, ngā rauemi whiriwhiri me te whakahaere ātete. Hei huarahi whakamutunga, ka whakamahia e mātou ngā patupatu matū me te āta whiriwhiri me te āta tupato ki ngā pepeke uaua ki te whakahaere.
Kua ātete te pītau rīwai o Colorado ki te nuinga o ngā patu pepeke kua rēhitatia, ā, koia tētahi o ngā pepeke tino uaua ki te whakahaere. Ka kai ngā torongū me ngā pakeke i ngā rau o te tipu, ā, ka tere te huri haere o ngā rau mēnā kāore e tiakina. I roto i ngā whakaekenga kino, ka kai pea ngā pītau i ngā hua o runga ake i te whenua.
Ko te tikanga tuku iho mō te whakahaere i te pītau rīwai o Colorado ko te whakamahi i ngā patu pepeke neonicotinoid (tae atu ki te imidacloprid) ki ngā hua. Heoi, kei te heke te whai huatanga o ēnei patu pepeke i ētahi rohe o te Hononga o Amerika nā te whanaketanga o te ātete.
Ka taea te whakahaere pai i ngā pītara rīwai o Colorado i roto i ngā tipu iti mā te tango ā-ringa i aua pītara. Ka taea te wehe i ngā torongū me ngā pītara pakeke ka whakanohoia ki roto i tētahi ipu me te wai me ētahi pata wai horoi rihi. Ka whakaitihia e te wai te kukū o te mata o te wai, ka toremi ai ngā pītara, kaua e rere.
Kei te rapu ngā māra i tētahi otinga haumaru, whai hua hoki, e kore e waiho he toenga matū paitini. I a au e rangahau ana i te whakahaere i ngā pīrere rīwai, i kitea e au he kōrero mō ētahi hua kei roto he spinosad, tae atu ki te Bonide's Colorado Potato Beetle Insecticide. Ko ētahi atu hua kei roto he spinosad ko Entrust, Captain Jack's Deadbug Brew, Conserve, Monterey Garden Insect Spray, me te tini ke atu.
He huarahi tūturu ngā hua kei roto ko te spinosad hei whakahaere i ngā pepeke i roto i ngā māra, ā, mā ngā kaiwhakatipu huawhenua me ngā hua arumoni. He whai hua ki te whawhai ki ngā momo pepeke ngaungau pēnei i te thrips, te pītau me te anuhe, ā, he tiaki hoki i ngā pepeke whai hua maha.
Ka tere hoki te pirau i roto i te taiao ina pāngia e te rā me ngā moroiti o te oneone, ā, he tino whai hua mō ngā kaiwhakatipu e pāngia ana e ngā raruraru ātete pepeke.
He mate io, he paitini puku hoki te Spinosad, nō reira ka patua e ia ngā pepeke e pā ana ki a ia me ērā e kai ana i ōna rau. He tikanga mahi ahurei tā te Spinosad e āwhina ana ki te aukati i te ātete whakawhiti ki ngā organophosphates me ngā carbamates, arā, he aukati acetylcholinesterase.
Kaua e whakamahia nuitia ngā patu pepeke. E toru noa iho ngā wā e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā rā 30. Hei patu i te pītara rīwai o Colorado, he pai ake te rehu i te poutumarotanga, ki te taea i te rā paki.
He whai hua te Spinozad ki ngā pepeke ngaungau, ā, me horomia e te pepeke. Nō reira, kāore i te tino whai hua ki ngā pepeke ngote-wero me ngā pepeke kaipahua kāore i te whaia. He tere te mahi a Spinozad. Ka mate ngā pepeke i roto i te kotahi ki te rua rā i muri i te urunga o te matū hohe ki te tinana.
Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga whakamiharo o ngā patupatu ko tōna whai huatanga ki te patu i ngā pepeke ātete ki ngā patupatu arumoni, he tino uaua rānei ki te patu, tae atu ki te pītau rīwai o Colorado, te noke o te ngahuru, te pūrerehua kāpeti, me te pepeke kānga.
Ka taea te whakamahi i te Spinosad hei tāpiritanga ki te whakahaere i ngā pepeke i ngā hua nui pērā i te tōmato, te pepa, te aubergine, te rēpī hinu me ngā rau rau. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakatipu te whakakotahi i te spinosad me ētahi atu patu pepeke taiao pērā i te Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) hei whakahaere i te whānuitanga o ngā pepeke matua.
Mā tēnei ka āwhina i ngā pepeke whai hua kia ora, ā, hei whakamutunga, ka whakaiti i te nui o ngā patupatu e whakamahia ana. I roto i te kānga reka, he whai hua te spinosad ki ngā noke kānga me ngā noke ope. Ka taea hoki e ia te whakahaere i ngā taupori noke kānga taurite me te kore e kino ki te taiao.
Wā tuku: Hurae-21-2025