He karboksamida te FluoxapyrharoreI whakawhanakehia e BASF. He pai ngā mahi ārai me te rongoā. E whakamahia ana hei ārai me te whakahaere i ngā mate harore whānui, neke atu i te 26 ngā momo mate harore. Ka taea te whakamahi mō te tata ki te 100 ngā hua, pērā i ngā hua witi, ngā pīni, ngā hua hinu, ngā pīnati, ngā rākau pome me ngā rākau hua kōhatu, ngā huawhenua pakiaka me ngā huawhenua kōpura, ngā huawhenua hua me te miro, te rau, te purapura rānei. He aukati succinate dehydrogenase te Fluoxafenamide, ā, he harore pai rawa atu i whakawhanakehia i ngā tau tata nei.
Ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me ā-matū o te fluconazole
Ingoa Matū o Fluconazole: 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoro Methyl)-1-methyl-N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; Nama CAS: 907204-31-3, Tātai ngota: C18H12F5N3O. Taumaha ngota: 381.31 g/mol.Ko te Fluoxapyr (99.3%) he totoka mā ki te parauri parauri, kāore he kakara, ko te ira rewa he 156.8℃, ko te kiato whanaunga (20℃) he 1.42 g/mL, ka pirau i te 230℃ pea, ko te pēhanga kohu (e whakatauhia ana): 2.7×10-9 Pa (20°C), 8.1×10-9 Pa (25°C); ko te pūmau a Henry: 3.028×10-7 Pa·m3/mol. Ko te wairewatanga (20℃): wai 3.88 mg/L (pH 5.84), 3.78 mg/L (pH 4.01), 3.44 mg/L (pH 7.00), 3.84 mg/L (pH 9.00); whakarewa waro (parakore hangarau 99.2)%) (g/L, 20℃): acetone>250, acetonitrile 167.6±0.2, dichloromethane 146.1±0.3, ethyl acetate 123.3±0.2, methanol 53.4±0.0, toluene 20.0±0.0, n-octanol 4.69±0.1, n-heptane 0.106 ± 0.001. tauwehenga wai-n-octanol (20°C): wai whakakore ionized log Kow 3.08, log Kow 3.09 (pH 4), log Kow 3.13 (pH 7), log Kow 3.09 (pH 9), log toharite Kow (3.10±0.02). Pūmau i roto i te otinga wai i te pH 4, 5, 7, 9 i raro i ngā āhuatanga pōuri me te parakore. He pumau te rama.
Te paitini o te Fluoxafen
Te paitini waha whakapeka i roto i ngā kiore (uwha) o te rongoā taketake o te fluconazole: LD50≥2,000 mg/kg, te paitini kiri whakapeka i roto i ngā kiore (tāne me te wahine): LD50>2,000 mg/kg, te paitini manawa whakapeka i roto i ngā kiore (tāne me te wahine): LC50>5.1 mg/L; he riri iti ki ngā kanohi me te kiri o ngā rāpeti; kāore he pānga kino ki te kiri poaka. Kāore he mate pukupuku, kāore he mate pukupuku, kāore he pānga taha ki te whakaputa uri, kāore he paitini ira tangata, he paitini roro me te paitini ārai mate.
Te paitini kino ki ngā manu LD50＞2,000 mg/kg, te paitini kino ki Daphnia 6.78 mg/L (48 h), te paitini kino ki ngā ika (96 h) LC50 0.546 mg/L, te paitini kino ki ngā kararehe wai korekore (48 h) ) EC50 6.78 mg/L, te paitini kino ki ngā rimurimu (72 h) EC50 0.70 mg/L, te paitini kino ki ngā pī (48 h) LD50>100 μg/pī, te paitini kino ki ngā pī mā te waha (48 h) LD50>110.9 μg/pī, ko te paitini kino ki ngā noke whenua ko LC50>1,000 mg/kg (14 rā). Mai i ngā raraunga o runga ake nei, ka kitea he paitini te Fluoxafen ki ngā rauropi wai, ā, he iti te paitini ki ētahi atu rauropi whai hua.
Te tikanga mahi a te fluoxafen
He aukati succinate dehydrogenase te Fluoxafenamide, e mahi ana ki te succinate dehydrogenase i roto i te mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II hei aukati i tana mahi, ā, mā reira ka aukati i te whakatipuranga o ngā pua harore pathogen, te tipu o ngā ngongo ira me te mycelium.
Ngā mea whakahaere Fluconazole
He tino whai hua te Fluoxamid, he whānui te whānuitanga, he pakari, he whiriwhiri, he pai te kawe pūnaha, ā, he ātete ki te horo o te ua. Ka taea e ia te whakahaere i ngā witi, te pīni soya, te kānga, te rēpī, ngā rākau hua, ngā huawhenua, me ngā pīti huka mā te maimoatanga rau me te purapura. , ngā pīnati, te miro, te tarutaru me ngā hua motuhake, me ētahi atu, pērā i ngā witi, te pīni soya, ngā rākau hua me ngā huawhenua i puta mai i te Concha, Botrytis cinerea, te harore paura, Cercospora, Puccinia, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotium. Ngā mate i puta mai i te harore poka, te botrytis cinerea, te waikura, te harore paura o ngā pīni, te mate miro, te putiputi rā me te rēpī i puta mai i te Alternaria, me ētahi atu. Kua rēhitatia hei whakamahi i runga i te neke atu i te 70 ngā hua i te tau 2015, ko te whāinga a te BASF kia rēhita hei whakamahi i runga i te neke atu i te 100 ngā hua.
He kaha te urutau o te Fluoxafen, ā, he maha ngā momo hua whakakotahi. Ka whakamahia te Adexar (fluconazole + epoxiconazole) i roto i te witi, te parei, te triticale, te rai me te ōti hei whakahaere i te koriri paura, te pirau rau, te pirau glume, te waikura rārangi me te waikura rau. Kua rēhitatia te Priaxor (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin) ki te United States mō ngā hua soya, te tōmato, te rīwai me ētahi atu hua whenua, ā, he pānga motuhake tōna ki te whakahaere i te ira parauri soya (Septoria glycines); Kua rēhitatia te Orkestra SC (flufenapyr + Pyraclostrobin) ki Brazil mō ngā soya, te citrus, te rīwai, te riki, te kāreti, te aporo, te mango, te merengi, te kūkamo, te pepa pere, te tōmato, te canola, te pīnati, te pīni whatukuhu, te putiputi rā, te sorghum, te kānga, te witi me ngā putiputi (Chrysanthemum me te rōhi), me ētahi atu, ka taea te whakahaere i te waikura soya Āhia, te whakarei ake i te photosynthesis o ngā hua, me te whakamahi hei whakahaere i te ātete ki ngā mate. Kua rēhitatia te Priaxor D (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin + tetraflufenazole) ki te Hononga o Amerika mō te ārai me te whakahaere i te ira hina o te pīni soya e ātete ana ki ngā patu harore methoxyacrylate. Kua rēhitatia te kaihoko maimoatanga purapura Obvius (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin + metalaxyl) ki te Hononga o Amerika, ā, ka taea e ia te whakahaere i ngā momo mate tipu pakari o te maha o ngā hua.
Kua tere te tipu o ngā patu harore aukati succinate dehydrogenase i ngā tau tata nei, ā, ko te fluoxamid te hua matua o tēnei momo patu harore, nā tōna whai huatanga nui, tōna whānuitanga o te awhe, tōna mahi pūnaha, e tika ana mō ngā momo hua me ētahi atu āhuatanga. Ina koa, ko te whanaketanga tonu o ōna hua matū kua whakawhānui ake i te whānuitanga whakahaere me te whānuitanga o ngā hua kua whakamahia, ā, kua noho hei peara kanapa i roto i te mākete patu harore.
Wā tuku: Hurae-18-2022