Kua kitea te tipu nui o te mākete patu pepeke ā-whare o te ao i te tere haere o te noho tāone me te mōhio haere o te tangata ki te hauora me te akuaku. Ko te pikinga ake o ngā mate kawe-ira pēnei i te kirika dengue me te malaria kua piki ake te hiahia mō ngā patu pepeke ā-whare i ngā tau tata nei. Hei tauira, i pūrongo te World Health Organization neke atu i te 200 miriona ngā take malaria i pūrongohia puta noa i te ao i te tau kua hipa, e whakaatu ana i te hiahia nui mō ngā mahi whakahaere patu pepeke whai hua. Hei tāpiri, i te pikinga ake o ngā raruraru pepeke, kua tino piki ake te maha o ngā whare e whakamahi ana i ngā patu pepeke, neke atu i te 1.5 piriona waeine i hokona puta noa i te ao i te tau kua hipa anake. Ko tēnei tipu hoki e akiakihia ana e te hunga waenga e tipu haere ana, e akiaki ana i te kai i ngā hua o ia rā e aro ana ki te whakapai ake i te kounga o te oranga.
He mea nui te mahi a ngā whanaketanga hangarau me ngā auahatanga ki te hanga i te mākete patu pepeke o te whare. Nā te whakaurunga mai o ngā patu pepeke e pai ana ki te taiao, he iti ake te paitini, kua kukume mai ngā kaihoko e aro nui ana ki te taiao. Hei tauira, kua tino rongonui ngā patu pepeke tipu, neke atu i te 50 ngā hua hou kua waipuketia ki te mākete, ā, kua uru atu ki ngā kaihokohoko nui puta noa i Ūropi me Amerika Te Raki. Hei tāpiri, kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā otinga patu pepeke atamai pēnei i ngā mahanga waeroa aunoa o roto, me ngā hoko o te ao neke atu i te 10 miriona waeine i te tau kua hipa. Kua nui hoki te awe o te umanga hokohoko ipurangi ki ngā whanaketanga o te mākete, me te pikinga o ngā hoko ipurangi o ngā patu pepeke o te whare mā te 20%, ka waiho hei hongere tohatoha nui.
Mai i te tirohanga ā-rohe, ko Āhia-Kiwa tonu te mākete nui mō ngā patu pepeke o te whare, nā te nui o te taupori o te rohe me te tipu haere o te mōhiotanga ki te aukati i ngā mate. Neke atu i te 40% o te katoa o te mākete e kapi ana i te rohe, ā, ko Īnia me Haina ngā kaihoko nui rawa atu. I taua wā, kua puta ake a Amerika Latina hei mākete tere tipu, ā, e kite ana a Brazil i te tipu nui o te tono i a ia e whawhai tonu ana ki ngā mate namu. Kua kite hoki te mākete i te pikinga o ngā kaihanga ā-rohe, me te neke atu i te 200 ngā kamupene hou e uru ana ki te umanga i ngā tau e rua kua hipa. I te taha o ēnei āhuatanga, e tohu ana ēnei āhuatanga i te ara tipu kaha mō te mākete patu pepeke o te whare, nā te auahatanga, ngā rerekētanga ā-rohe o te tono, me te hurihanga o ngā manakohanga a te kaihoko.
Ngā Hinu Kakara: Te Whakamahi i te Mana o te Taiao hei Huri i ngā Patupatu o te Kāinga hei Ao Haumaru, hei Ao Kakariki hoki
Kei te kitea te nekehanga nui o te mākete patu pepeke o te whare ki ngā otinga taiao me te hoa-taiao, ā, ko ngā hinu kakara te mea e pai ana ki te whakamahi. Nā te piki haere o te mōhio o ngā kaihoko ki ngā pānga hauora me te taiao o ngā matū hangai e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā patu pepeke tuku iho i ahu mai i tēnei ia. E mōhiotia ana ngā hinu kakara pēnei i te tarutaru rēmana, te neem, me te eucalyptus mō ō rātou āhuatanga ārai pai, ā, he mea ātaahua ēnei hei whakakapi. E matapaetia ana ka eke te mākete hinu kakara patu pepeke o te ao ki te US$1.2 piriona i te tau 2023, e whakaata ana i te piki haere o te hiahia o te tangata ki ngā hua taiao. Kua piki ake te hiahia mō ngā patu pepeke hinu kakara i roto i ngā tāone nui, ā, kua eke ngā hoko o te ao ki te 150 miriona waeine, e tohu ana i te nekehanga o ngā hiahia o ngā kaihoko ki ngā otinga haumaru ake, pumau ake hoki. Hei tāpiri, neke atu i te US$500 miriona kua whakangaohia ki te rangahau me te hanga hinu kakara, e whakaatu ana i te whakapau kaha o te umanga ki te auahatanga me te haumaru.
Ka nui ake te rongonui o ngā hinu kakara i roto i te mākete patu pepeke whare nā te mea he maha ngā painga mahi e tukuna ana e rātou, tae atu ki te kakara reka me ngā āhuatanga kore-paitini, e pai ana ki te momo noho o ngā kaihoko hou. I te tau 2023, neke atu i te 70 miriona whare i Amerika Te Raki anake ka huri ki ngā patu pepeke hinu kakara. I kōrero tētahi kaihokohoko nui mō te pikinga 20% o te wāhi whata mō ēnei hua, e whakaatu ana i tana wāhanga mākete e tipu haere ana. Hei tāpiri, i piki ake te kaha whakaputa patu pepeke hinu kakara i te rohe o Āhia me te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa mā te 30%, nā te pikinga o te tono a ngā kaihoko me te tautoko ture pai. I whai wāhi nui hoki ngā papaaho ipurangi, me te neke atu i te 500,000 ngā patu pepeke hinu kakara hou i whakarewahia i te tau kua hipa. I te haere tonu o te whanaketanga o te mākete, kua rite ngā hinu kakara ki te whakahaere i te wāhanga patu pepeke whare nā te whai huatanga, te haumaru, me te hanganga ki te nekehanga o te ao ki ngā otinga oranga matomato.
E 56% o te mākete e whakamahia ana ngā patu pepeke hangai: koinei te arataki i te whakahaere pepeke o te ao nā te auahatanga me te whakawhirinaki o ngā kaihoko.
Kei te piki haere te hiahia mō ngā patupatu hangai i roto i te mākete patupatu whare, nā te mea he pai ake te whai huatanga me te whānui o te whakamahinga. He maha ngā āhuatanga matua e akiakihia ana tēnei hiahia, tae atu ki te kaha ki te patu tere i ngā momo patupatu me te whakarato i te tiaki roa e kore e taea e ngā momo rongoā taiao. He mea nui, ko ngā patupatu hangai pērā i te pyrethroids, te organophosphates, me te carbamates kua noho hei taonga matua mō te whare, neke atu i te 3 piriona waeine kua hokona puta noa i te ao i te tau kua hipa. He tino rongonui ēnei hua nā te tere o te mahi me te whai huatanga i roto i ngā taiao tāone nui e nui ake ai te horapa o ngā patupatu. Hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā kaihoko, kua whakawhānuihia e te umanga tana kaha hanga, me te neke atu i te 400 ngā whare hanga puta noa i te ao e tohunga ana ki te hanga patupatu hangai, e whakarite ana i te mekameka tuku pumau me te tuku ki ngā kaihoko.
I te ao whānui, he pai te urupare ki te mākete patu pepeke hanga-whare, ā, ko ngā whenua pēnei i te US me Haina ngā rangatira o te hanga me te kai, me te nui o te hanga ā-tau neke atu i te 50 miriona waeine. Hei tāpiri, kua kite te umanga patu pepeke hanga-whare i te haumitanga nui ki te R&D i ngā tau tata nei, neke atu i te $2 piriona, me te whāinga ki te whakawhanake i ngā hanganga haumaru ake, ā, he pai ake te taiao. Ko ngā whanaketanga matua ko te whakaurunga o ngā patu pepeke hanga-waipiro ka taea te pirau, e whakaiti ana i te pānga ki te taiao me te kore e whakararu i te whai huatanga. Hei tāpiri, ko te nekehanga a te umanga ki ngā otinga takai atamai, pēnei i ngā ipu ātete-tamariki me te pai-taiao, e whakaata ana i te whakapau kaha ki te haumaru me te pumau o te kaihoko. Nā ēnei auahatanga i whakatipu te tipu kaha o te mākete, me te umanga patu pepeke hanga-waipiro e tumanakohia ana ka whakaputa moni tāpiri atu i te $1.5 piriona i roto i ngā tau e rima e whai ake nei. I te mea kei te kaha tonu ēnei hua ki te mākete, ko tā rātou whakaurunga ki ngā rautaki whakahaere pepeke whakauru e whakaatu ana i tā rātou tūranga nui i roto i te tiaki kāinga hou, me te whakarite kia noho tonu rātou hei whiringa tuatahi mō ngā kaihoko puta noa i te ao.
Kei te piki haere te hiahia mō ngā patu pepeke namu i roto i te mākete patu pepeke whare nā te hiahia nui ki te whawhai ki ngā mate namu, e tū hei tūmomo mōrearea nui ki te hauora o te ao. Ko ngā namu te hunga e tuku ana i ētahi o ngā mate tino morearea o te ao, tae atu ki te malaria, te kirika dengue, te huaketo Zika, te kirika kōwhai me te chikungunya. E ai ki te World Health Organization (WHO), neke atu i te 200 miriona tāngata e pāngia ana e te malaria anake, ā, neke atu i te 400,000 ngā mate e pāngia ana i ia tau, ko te nuinga i Awherika ki te tonga o te Sahara. I taua wā, e tata ana ki te 100 miriona ngā take o te kirika dengue i ia tau, me te pikinga tere o ngā take, inā koa i ngā rohe pārūrū me te haurua-mā-uru. Ahakoa he iti ake te kitea, he hononga te huaketo Zika ki ngā whānautanga kino, e akiaki ana i ngā kaupapa hauora tūmatanui whānui. Ko tēnei horapa whakamataku o ngā mate namu he mea nui hei akiaki i ngā whare ki te haumi nui ki ngā patu pepeke: neke atu i te 2 piriona ngā patu pepeke namu e hokona ana puta noa i te ao i ia tau.
Ko te tipu haere o ngā patu pepeke ārai namu i roto i te mākete patu pepeke ā-whare o te ao, e whakakahangia ana e te pikinga ake o te mōhiotanga me ngā mahi hauora tūmatanui matatau. Neke atu i te US$3 piriona te haumi a ngā kāwanatanga me ngā whakahaere hauora tūmatanui i ia tau ki ngā kaupapa whakahaere namu, tae atu ki te tohatoha i ngā kupenga moenga kua rongoatia ki ngā patu pepeke me ngā kaupapa kohu o roto. Hei tāpiri, ko te whanaketanga o ngā whakatakotoranga patu pepeke hou, whai hua ake, kua hua ake te whakarewatanga o neke atu i te 500 ngā hua hou i roto i ngā tau e rua kua hipa hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia kanorau o ngā kaihoko. Kua kite hoki te mākete i te tipu nui o ngā hoko ipurangi, me te pūrongo a te tūāpapa hokohoko ipurangi kua piki ake ngā hoko patu pepeke neke atu i te 300% i te wā tino pukumahi. I te whānui haere o ngā tāone nui, me te whakarerekētanga o ngā nohoanga namu e te huringa āhuarangi, e matapaetia ana ka tipu tonu te tono mō ngā otinga whakahaere namu whai hua, me te matapaetia ka piki rua te rahi o te mākete i roto i te tekau tau e whai ake nei. E whakaatu ana tēnei ia i te hiranga nui o ngā patu pepeke ārai namu hei wāhanga nui o ngā rautaki hauora tūmatanui o te ao.
Te tono nui: Ko te wahanga moni whiwhi o te mākete patu pepeke whare i Āhia me te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa e eke ana ki te 47%, ā, kei te tū tonu i te tūranga matua.
Hei whenua kaihoko nui i roto i te mākete patu pepeke ā-whare, he tūranga nui tā te rohe o Āhia me te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa nā tōna āhua ahurei o te taiao me te pāpori-ōhanga. Ko ngā tāone nui o te rohe pēnei i a Mumbai, Tokyo me Jakarta me whai rautaki whakahaere pepeke whai hua hei pupuri i ngā āhuatanga noho e pā ana ki te neke atu i te 2 piriona tāngata noho tāone. He āhuarangi pārūrū ngā whenua pēnei i a Thailand, Philippines me Vietnam me te nui o ngā mate kawe-pūrere pēnei i te kirika dengue me te malaria, ā, e whakamahia ana ngā patu pepeke i roto i te neke atu i te 500 miriona whare i ia tau. Kua whakarōpūtia e te World Health Organization te rohe hei "wāhi wera" mō ēnei mate, me te neke atu i te 3 miriona take i pūrongohia i ia tau me te hiahia nui mō ngā otinga whakahaere pepeke whai hua. Hei tāpiri, ko te akomanga waenga, e matapaetia ana ka eke ki te 1.7 piriona tāngata i te tau 2025, kei te piki haere te haumi ki ngā patu pepeke hou me te kanorau, e whakaatu ana i te nekehanga o ngā tahua whānau ki te whakatairanga i te hauora me te akuaku.
He mea nui anō hoki ngā kaupapa matua ahurea me te auahatanga ki te whakawhānui ake i te mākete patu pepeke o te whare. I Hapani, ko te kaupapa o te mottainai, te whakaiti para rānei, kua akiaki i te whanaketanga o ngā patu pepeke tino whai hua, roa te ora, me ngā kamupene e tono ana mō te neke atu i te 300 ngā patent e tika ana i te tau kua hipa anake. He mea whakamiharo te ia ki ngā patu pepeke e hangai ana ki te taiao, he mea hanga ki te koiora, me te pikinga nui o ngā reiti tango i Indonesia me Malaysia i te mea ka nui ake te aro o ngā kaihoko ki te taiao. E kiia ana ko te mākete o Āhia Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ka eke ki te US$7 piriona i te tau 2023, me Haina me Inia te nuinga o te wā nā te nui o ō rātou taupori me te tipu haere o te mōhiotanga hauora. I taua wā anō, kei te tupu tonu te tere o te noho tāone, me te tumanako ka tāpirihia e te rohe he 1 piriona tāngata noho tāone i te tau 2050, ka whakaū ake i tōna tūranga hei mākete matua mō ngā patu pepeke o te whare. I te mea e werohia ana e te huringa āhuarangi ngā tikanga whakahaere pepeke tuku iho, ko te whakapau kaha o te rohe o Āhia-Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki te auahatanga me te urutau ka akiaki i te tono o te ao mō ngā otinga patu pepeke pumau me te whai hua.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-02-2024