Ko te huringa āhuarangi me te tere o te tipu o te taupori kua noho hei wero nui ki te haumarutanga kai o te ao. Ko tētahi otinga whai hua ko te whakamahinga ongā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu(PGR) hei whakanui ake i ngā hua o te hua me te wikitoria i ngā āhuatanga tipu kino pēnei i te āhuarangi koraha. Nō nā tata nei, kua whakaatuhia e te carotenoid zaxinone me ētahi o ōna momo rite (MiZax3 me MiZax5) he mahi whakatairanga tipu pai i roto i ngā hua witi me ngā hua huawhenua i raro i ngā āhuatanga kati kōtuhi me te mara. I konei, i tirotirohia e mātou ngā pānga o ngā kukū rerekē o MiZax3 me MiZax5 (5 μM me te 10 μM i te tau 2021; 2.5 μM me te 5 μM i te tau 2022) ki te tipu me te hua o ngā hua huawhenua uara nui e rua i Cambodia: te rīwai me te rōpere Saudi Arabia. Arabia. I roto i ngā whakamātautau mara motuhake e rima mai i te tau 2021 ki te 2022, ko te whakamahinga o ngā MiZax e rua i whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga ahuwhenua o te tipu, ngā wāhanga hua me te hua whānui. He mea tika kia mōhio ko te whakamahinga o MiZax i roto i ngā horopeta iti ake i te waikawa humic (he matū arumoni e whakamahia whānuitia ana i konei hei whakataurite). Nō reira, e whakaatu ana ā mātou hua he tino whai hua te MiZax hei kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu ka taea te whakamahi hei whakaoho i te tipu me te hua o ngā hua huawhenua ahakoa i roto i ngā āhuatanga koraha me ngā kukū iti.
E ai ki te Whakahaere Kai me te Ahuwhenua o te Kotahitanga o ngā Whenua (FAO), me tata ki te toru ngā pikinga o ā tātou pūnaha whakaputa kai i te tau 2050 hei whāngai i te taupori e tipu haere ana o te ao (FAO: Ka hiahia te ao ki te 70% atu kai i te tau 20501). Inaa, ko te tere o te tipu o te taupori, te parahanga, te nekehanga o ngā pepeke, me te pāmahana teitei me te tauraki i puta mai i te huringa āhuarangi, he wero katoa e pā ana ki te haumarutanga kai o te ao2. I tēnei whakaaro, ko te whakanui ake i te hua katoa o ngā hua ahuwhenua i roto i ngā āhuatanga kāore i te tino pai ko tētahi o ngā otinga kore e taea te whakahē ki tēnei raruraru nui. Heoi, ko te tipu me te whanaketanga o ngā tipu e whakawhirinaki ana ki te wātea o ngā matūkai i roto i te oneone, ā, he tino herea e ngā āhuatanga taiao kino, tae atu ki te tauraki, te tote, te ahotea koiora rānei3,4,5. Ka taea e ēnei ahotea te pā kino ki te hauora me te whanaketanga o ngā hua, ā, i te mutunga ka heke te hua o ngā hua6. Hei tāpiri, ko te iti o ngā rauemi wai māori e pā kino ana ki te whakamakuku hua, i te mea ka whakaitihia e te huringa āhuarangi o te ao te rohe o te whenua ahuwhenua, ā, ko ngā huihuinga pēnei i ngā ngaru wera ka whakaiti i te hua o ngā hua7,8. He mea noa ngā pāmahana teitei i roto i te maha o ngā wāhi o te ao, tae atu ki Saudi Arabia. He pai te whakamahi i ngā whakaoho koiora, ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu rānei (PGR) hei whakapoto i te huringa tipu me te whakanui ake i te hua. Ka taea e ia te whakapai ake i te manawanui o ngā hua, ā, ka taea e ngā tipu te aro atu ki ngā āhuatanga tipu kino9. I tēnei whakaaro, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā whakaoho koiora me ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu i roto i ngā kukū tino pai hei whakapai ake i te tipu me te hua o ngā tipu10,11.
Ko ngā Carotenoid he tetraterpenoid e mahi ana hoki hei matū mua mō ngā phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) me te strigolactone (SL)12,13,14, tae atu ki ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu kua kitea tata nei ko te zaxinone, te anorene me te cyclocitral15,16,17,18,19. Heoi, ko te nuinga o ngā metabolites tūturu, tae atu ki ngā carotenoid derivatives, he iti noa ngā pūtake taiao, he koretake rānei, ā, he uaua te tono tika ki tēnei mara. Nō reira, i roto i ngā tau kua pahure ake nei, kua whakawhanakehia, kua whakamatautauria hoki ētahi ABA me te SL analogues/mimetics mō ngā tono ahuwhenua20,21,22,23,24,25. Waihoki, i whakawhanakehia e mātou ngā mimetics o te zaxinone (MiZax), he metabolite whakatairanga tipu ka puta pea ōna pānga mā te whakarei ake i te metabolism huka me te whakahaere i te homeostasis SL i roto i ngā pakiaka raihi19,26. Ko ngā mahi whakahāngai o te zaxinone 3 (MiZax3) me te MiZax5 (ngā hanganga matū e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 1A) i whakaatu i te mahi koiora e rite ana ki te zaxinone i roto i ngā tipu raihi momo mohoao i whakatipuhia mā te wai me te oneone26. I tua atu, ko te maimoatanga o te tōmato, te nikau tāte, te pepa matomato me te paukena ki te zaxinone, MiZax3 me te MiZx5 i whakapai ake i te tipu me te hua o ngā tipu, arā, te hua me te kounga o te pepa, i raro i ngā āhuatanga kati kōtuhi me te whenua tuwhera, e tohu ana i tā rātou mahi hei whakaoho koiora me te whakamahinga o te PGR27. . He mea whakamīharo, i whakapai ake hoki a MiZax3 me MiZax5 i te manawanui tote o te pepa matomato i whakatipuhia i raro i ngā āhuatanga tote teitei, ā, i whakanui ake a MiZax3 i te ihirangi konutea o ngā hua i te wā i whakauruhia ai ki ngā anga whakarewa-ora kei roto te konutea7,28.
(A) Ngā hanganga matū o MiZax3 me MiZax5. (B) Te pānga o te rehu rau o MZ3 me MZ5 i ngā kukū o te 5 µM me te 10 µM ki ngā tipu rīwai i raro i ngā āhuatanga whenua tuwhera. Ka tū te whakamātautau i te tau 2021. Ka whakaatuhia ngā raraunga hei toharite ± SD. n≥15. I whakahaerehia te tātari tatauranga mā te whakamahi i te tātari rerekētanga kotahi-ara (ANOVA) me te whakamātautau muri-hoc a Tukey. E tohu ana ngā whetū i ngā rerekētanga nui ā-tatauranga ki te whakataurite ki te whakatauira (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, kāore i te nui). HA – waikawa humic; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5; HA – waikawa humic; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
I roto i tēnei mahi, i arotakehia e mātou a MiZax (MiZax3 me MiZax5) i ngā kukū rau e toru (5 µM me te 10 µM i te tau 2021 me te 2.5 µM me te 5 µM i te tau 2022) ā, i whakaritea ki te rīwai (Solanum tuberosum L). I whakaritea te waikawa humic (HA) o te kaiwhakahaere tipu arumoni ki ngā rōpere (Fragaria ananassa) i roto i ngā whakamātautau whare kati kōtuhi rōpere i te tau 2021 me te 2022, me ngā whakamātautau mara e whā i te Basileia o Saudi Arabia, he rohe āhuarangi koraha noa. Ahakoa he biostimulant e whakamahia whānuitia ana te HA me te maha o ngā pānga pai, tae atu ki te whakanui ake i te wātea o ngā matūkai i roto i te oneone me te whakatairanga i te tipu o te hua mā te whakahaere i te homeostasis hormonal, e whakaatu ana ā mātou hua he pai ake a MiZax i te HA.
I hokona mai ngā kōpura rīwai o te momo Diamond mai i te Jabbar Nasser Al Bishi Trading Company, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. I hokona mai ngā tipu o ngā momo rōpere e rua "Sweet Charlie" me "Festival" me te waikawa humic mai i te Modern Agritech Company, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ko ngā rauemi tipu katoa i whakamahia i roto i tēnei mahi e tutuki ana i te Tauākī Kaupapahere a te IUCN mō te Rangahau e Whai Wāhi Ana i ngā Momo Tata Mōrearea me te Kawenata mō te Hokohoko i ngā Momo Tata Mōrearea o ngā Kararehe me ngā Tio.
Kei Hada Al-Sham, Saudi Arabia (21°48′3″N, 39°43′25″E) te wāhi whakamātautau. He oneone onepu te oneone, pH 7.8, EC 1.79 dcm-130. Kei te whakaatuhia ngā āhuatanga o te oneone i te Ripanga Tāpiri S1.
E toru ngā tipu rōpere (Fragaria x ananassa D. var. Festival) i te wāhanga rau tūturu i wehea kia toru ngā rōpū hei aromatawai i te pānga o te rehu rau ki te 10 μM MiZax3 me MiZax5 ki ngā āhuatanga tipu me te wā pua i raro i ngā āhuatanga kati kōtuhi. I whakamahia te rehu rau ki te wai (kei roto ko te 0.1% acetone) hei tauira maimoatanga. I whakamahia ngā rehu rau MiZax e 7 ngā wā i ia wiki. E rua ngā whakamātautau motuhake i whakahaerehia i te 15 me te 28 o Hepetema, 2021. Ko te horopeta tīmatanga o ia matū he 50 ml, kātahi ka piki haere ki te horopeta whakamutunga o te 250 ml. Mō ngā wiki e rua karapīpiti, i tuhia te maha o ngā tipu pua i ia rā, ā, i tatauhia te tere pua i te tīmatanga o te wiki tuawhā. Hei whakatau i ngā āhuatanga tipu, i inehia te maha o ngā rau, te taumaha hou me te taumaha maroke o te tipu, te horahanga rau katoa, me te maha o ngā stolon mō ia tipu i te mutunga o te wāhanga tipu me te tīmatanga o te wāhanga whakaputa uri. I inehia te horahanga rau mā te whakamahi i tētahi mita horahanga rau, ā, i whakamarokehia ngā tauira hou i roto i te oumu i te 100°C mō ngā haora 48.
E rua ngā whakamātautau mara i whakahaerehia: te parau wawe me te parau mutunga. Ka whakatōkia ngā kōpura rīwai o te momo "Diamant" i te marama o Noema me Pēpuere, me ngā wā maoa wawe me te maoa mutunga. Ka whakamahia ngā whakaoho koiora (MiZax-3 me te -5) i roto i ngā kukū o te 5.0 me te 10.0 µM (2021) me te 2.5 me te 5.0 µM (2022). Rehuhia te waikawa humic (HA) 1 g/l 8 ngā wā i te wiki. I whakamahia te wai, te acetone rānei hei mana whakahaere kino. Kei te whakaatuhia te hoahoa whakamātautau mara i roto i te (Pikitia Tāpiri S1). I whakamahia he hoahoa poraka matapōkere katoa (RCBD) me te horahanga o te papa o te 2.5 m × 3.0 m hei whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau mara. I whakahokia ia maimoatanga e toru ngā wā hei tāruatanga motuhake. Ko te tawhiti i waenga i ia papa he 1.0 m, ā, ko te tawhiti i waenga i ia poraka he 2.0 m. Ko te tawhiti i waenga i ngā tipu he 0.6 m, ko te tawhiti i waenga i ngā rarangi he 1 m. I whakamakukuhia ngā tipu rīwai i ia rā mā te maturuturu i te tere o te 3.4 rita mō ia pata wai. E rua ngā wā e whakahaerehia ana te pūnaha i te rā, mō te 10 meneti i ia wā, hei whakarato wai ki ngā tipu. I whakamahia ngā tikanga ahuwhenua katoa i tūtohutia mō te whakatipu rīwai i raro i ngā āhuatanga tauraki31. E whā marama i muri i te whakatō, i inehia te teitei o te tipu (cm), te maha o ngā manga mō ia tipu, te hanganga me te hua o te rīwai, me te kounga o te kōpura mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga paerewa.
I whakamātauria ngā tipu o ngā momo rōpere e rua (Sweet Charlie me Festival) i raro i ngā āhuatanga o te mara. I whakamahia ngā whakaoho koiora (MiZax-3 me -5) hei rehu rau i ngā kukū o te 5.0 me te 10.0 µM (2021) me te 2.5 me te 5.0 µM (2022) e waru ngā wā i te wiki. Whakamahia te 1 karamu o te HA ia rita hei rehu rau i te taha o MiZax-3 me te -5, me te ranunga whakahaere H2O, te acetone rānei hei mana whakahaere kino. I whakatōkia ngā tipu rōpere ki roto i tētahi wāhi 2.5 x 3 m i te tīmatanga o Noema me te tawhiti tipu o te 0.6 m me te tawhiti rarangi o te 1 m. I whakahaerehia te whakamātautau ki RCBD, ā, i whakahokia kia toru ngā wā. I whakamakukuhia ngā tipu mō te 10 meneti i ia rā i te 7:00 me te 17:00 mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūnaha whakamakuku maturuturu kei roto ngā wai maturuturu e wehea ana i te 0.6 m te wehe, ā, he 3.4 L te kaha. I inehia ngā wāhanga hangarau ahuwhenua me ngā tawhā hua i te wā tipu. I aromatawaihia te kounga o ngā hua tae atu ki te TSS (%), te huaora C32, te waikawa me te tapeke o ngā pūhui phenolic33 i te Taiwhanga o te Hangarau me te Ahurea i muri i te Kotinga o Te Whare Wānanga o King Abdulaziz.
Ka whakaatuhia ngā raraunga hei toharite, ā, ka whakaatuhia ngā rerekētanga hei paerewa rerekētanga. I whakatauhia te hiranga tatauranga mā te whakamahi i te ANOVA kotahi-ara (ANOVA kotahi-ara) te ANOVA rua-ara rānei mā te whakamahi i te whakamātautau whakatairite maha a Tukey mā te whakamahi i te taumata tūponotanga o te p < 0.05, i te whakamātautau-t a te Tauira rua-hiku rānei hei kite i ngā rerekētanga nui (*p < 0.05, * *p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001). I whakahaerehia ngā whakamaoritanga tatauranga katoa mā te whakamahi i te GraphPad Prism putanga 8.3.0. I whakamatautauria ngā hononga mā te whakamahi i te tātari wāhanga matua (PCA), he tikanga tatauranga maha-taurangi, mā te whakamahi i te mōkihi R 34.
I roto i tētahi pūrongo o mua, i whakaaturia e mātou te mahi whakatairanga tipu a MiZax i ngā kukū 5 me te 10 μM i roto i ngā tipu māra, ā, i whakapai ake i te tohu chlorophyll i roto i te Soil Plant Assay (SPAD)27. I runga i ēnei hua, i whakamahia e mātou ngā kukū ōrite hei aromatawai i ngā pānga o MiZax ki te rīwai, he hua kai nui o te ao, i roto i ngā whakamātautau mara i ngā āhuarangi koraha i te tau 2021. Ina koa, i hiahia mātou ki te whakamātautau mēnā ka taea e MiZax te whakanui ake i te kohikohinga o te māngaro, te hua whakamutunga o te photosynthesis. I te nuinga, i whakapai ake te whakamahinga o MiZax i te tipu o ngā tipu rīwai ki te whakataurite ki te waikawa humic (HA), ka hua ake he pikinga ake o te teitei o te tipu, te koiora me te maha o ngā manga (Pikitia 1B). Hei tāpiri, i kitea e mātou he kaha ake te pānga o te 5 μM MiZax3 me MiZax5 ki te whakanui ake i te teitei o te tipu, te maha o ngā manga, me te koiora tipu ki te whakataurite ki te 10 μM (Pikitia 1B). I tua atu i te whakapainga o te tipu, i whakapiki ake hoki a MiZax i te hua, i inehia e te maha me te taumaha o ngā kōpura i hauhaketia. Kāore i tino kitea te hua whānui i te wā i tukuna ai a MiZax i te kukū o te 10 μM, e kī ana me tuku ēnei matū ki ngā kukū i raro iho i tēnei (Pikitia 1B). Hei tāpiri, kāore mātou i kite i ngā rerekētanga i roto i ngā tawhā katoa i tuhia i waenga i ngā maimoatanga acetone (tauira) me te wai (mana), e kī ana kāore ngā pānga whakatikatika tipu i kitea i puta mai i te whakarewa, he rite ki tā mātou pūrongo o mua27.
I te mea ko te wā whakatipu rīwai i Saudi Arabia he wā tōmua me te wā tōmuri, i whakahaerehia e mātou tētahi rangahau mara tuarua i te tau 2022 mā te whakamahi i ngā kukū iti (2.5 me te 5 µM) i roto i ngā wā e rua hei aromatawai i te pānga o ngā mara tuwhera i ia wā (Pikitia Tāpiri S2A). E ai ki te tumanako, ko ngā whakamahinga e rua o te 5 μM MiZax i puta he pānga whakatairanga tipu rite tonu ki te whakamātautau tuatahi: te teitei o te tipu, te peka nui ake, te koiora teitei ake, me te maha o ngā kōpura kua piki ake (Pikitia 2; Pikitia Tāpiri S3). He mea nui, i kitea e mātou he pānga nui o ēnei PGR i te kukū o te 2.5 μM, engari kāore te maimoatanga GA i whakaatu i ngā pānga i matapaetia. E kī ana tēnei hua ka taea te whakamahi i te MiZax ahakoa i ngā kukū iti iho i te mea i tumanakohia. Hei tāpiri, i whakanuia hoki e te whakamahinga MiZax te roa me te whānui o ngā kōpura (Pikitia Tāpiri S2B). I kitea hoki e mātou he pikinga nui o te taumaha kōpura, engari ko te kukū 2.5 µM i whakamahia noa i ngā wā whakato e rua;
Aromatawai āhua tipu mō te pānga o MiZax ki ngā tipu rīwai e pakari wawe ana i te mara KAU, i mahia i te tau 2022. Ko ngā raraunga e tohu ana i te toharite ± te paerewa rerekētanga. n≥15. I mahia te tātari tatauranga mā te whakamahi i te tātari rerekētanga kotahi-ara (ANOVA) me te whakamātautau muri-hoc a Tukey. E tohu ana ngā whetū i ngā rerekētanga nui ā-tatauranga ki te whakataurite ki te whakatauira (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, kāore i te nui). HA – waikawa humic; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5; HA – waikawa humic; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Hei mārama ake i ngā pānga o te maimoatanga (T) me te tau (Y), i whakamahia te ANOVA ara-rua hei tirotiro i tā rāua taunekeneke (T x Y). Ahakoa i whakanuia e ngā whakaoho koiora katoa (T) te teitei me te koiora o te tipu rīwai, ko MiZax3 me MiZax5 anake i whakanuia te maha me te taumaha o ngā kōpura, e tohu ana he rite tonu ngā urupare taha-rua o ngā kōpura rīwai ki ngā MiZax e rua (Pikitia 3)). Hei tāpiri, i te tīmatanga o te wā ka wera ake te rangi (https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/saudi-arabia/jeddah/climate) (te toharite 28 °C me te haumākū 52% (2022), e whakaiti nui ana i te koiora katoa o ngā kōpura (Pikitia 2; Pikitia Tāpiri S3).
Akohia ngā pānga o te maimoatanga 5 µm (T), te tau (Y) me tā rātou taunekeneke (T x Y) ki ngā rīwai. Ko ngā raraunga e tohu ana i te toharite ± te paerewa rerekētanga. n ≥ 30. I whakahaerehia te tātari tatauranga mā te whakamahi i te tātari rerekētanga rua-ara (ANOVA). E tohu ana ngā whetū i ngā rerekētanga nui ā-tatauranga ki te whakataurite ki te whakatauira (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, kāore i te nui). HA – waikawa humic; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Heoi anō, i te nuinga o te wā, i whakaoho tonu te maimoatanga Myzax i te tipu o ngā tipu kua tōmuri te pakeke. I te nuinga, i whakaatu ā mātou whakamātautau motuhake e toru, kāore e kore he pānga nui o te whakamahinga o MiZax ki te hanganga tipu mā te whakanui ake i te maha o ngā manga. Inaa, he pānga taunekeneke nui i waenga i te (T) me te (Y) ki te maha o ngā manga i muri i te maimoatanga MiZax (Pikitia 3). He rite tēnei hua ki tā rātou mahi hei kaiwhakahaere kino o te koiora strigolactone (SL)26. Hei tāpiri, kua whakaaturia e mātou i mua ko te maimoatanga Zaxinone ka puta te kohikohinga māngaro i roto i ngā pakiaka raihi35, e whakamārama ana pea i te pikinga o te rahi me te taumaha o ngā kōpura rīwai i muri i te maimoatanga MiZax, nā te mea he māngaro te nuinga o ngā kōpura.
He tipu ōhanga nui ngā hua hua. He tairongo ngā rōpere ki ngā āhuatanga ahotea kore-ora pērā i te tauraki me te pāmahana teitei. Nō reira, i rangahauhia e mātou te pānga o MiZax ki ngā rōpere mā te rehu i ngā rau. I tukuna tuatahitia e mātou a MiZax ki te kukū o te 10 µM hei aromatawai i tōna pānga ki te tipu rōpere (Hakari whakatipu). He mea whakamīharo, i kitea e mātou i whakanuia e MiZax3 te maha o ngā stolon, e rite ana ki te pikinga o te manga, i te mea i whakapai ake a MiZax5 i te tere pua, te koiora tipu, me te horahanga rau i raro i ngā āhuatanga kati kōtuhi (Pikitia Tāpiri S4), e kī ana he rerekē pea ēnei matū e rua i te taha koiora. Ngā Takahanga 26,27. Hei mārama ake i ō rātou pānga ki ngā rōpere i raro i ngā āhuatanga ahuwhenua tūturu, i whakahaerehia e mātou ngā whakamātautau mara e whakamahi ana i te 5 me te 10 μM MiZax ki ngā tipu rōpere (cv. Sweet Charlie) i whakatipuria i roto i te oneone haurua-onepu i te tau 2021 (pikitia S5A). Ki te whakataurite ki te GC, kāore mātou i kite i te pikinga o te koiora tipu, engari i kitea he ia ki te pikinga o te maha o ngā hua (Pikitia C6A-B). Heoi, i hua ake i te whakamahinga o MiZax he pikinga nui o te taumaha o te hua kotahi, ā, i tohu i te whakawhirinakitanga ki te kukū (Pikitia Tāpiri S5B; Pikitia Tāpiri S6B), e tohu ana i te awe o ēnei kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu ki te kounga o te hua rōpere ina whakamahia i raro i ngā āhuatanga koraha.
Hei mārama mēnā kei te momo momo te pānga o te whakatairanga tipu, i whiriwhiria e mātou ētahi momo rōpere arumoni e rua i Saudi Arabia (Sweet Charlie me Festival) ā, i whakahaerehia e mātou ētahi rangahau mara e rua i te tau 2022 mā te whakamahi i ngā kukū iti o MiZax (2.5 me te 5 µM). Mō Sweet Charlie, ahakoa kāore i tino piki te maha o ngā hua katoa, he nui ake te koiora hua mō ngā tipu i rongoatia ki a MiZax, ā, i piki ake te maha o ngā hua mō ia papa i muri i te maimoatanga MiZax3 (Pikitia 4). E whakaatu ana ēnei raraunga he rerekē pea ngā mahi koiora o MiZax3 me MiZax5. Hei tāpiri, i muri i te maimoatanga ki a Myzax, i kite mātou i te pikinga o te taumaha hou me te taumaha maroke o ngā tipu, tae atu ki te roa o ngā wana tipu. Mō te maha o ngā stolon me ngā tipu hou, i kitea e mātou he pikinga i te 5 μM MiZax anake (Pikitia 4), e tohu ana ko te taunga MiZax tino pai kei runga i te momo tipu.
Ko te pānga o MiZax ki te hanganga tipu me te hua rōpere (momo Sweet Charlie) mai i ngā mara KAU, i whakahaerehia i te tau 2022. Ko ngā raraunga e tohu ana i te toharite ± paerewa rerekētanga. n ≥ 15, engari ko te maha o ngā hua mō ia kauwhata i tatauhia i te toharite mai i te 15 tipu mai i ngā kauwhata e toru (n = 3). I whakahaerehia te tātari tatauranga mā te whakamahi i te tātari rerekētanga kotahi-ara (ANOVA) me te whakamātautau muri-hoc a Tukey, te whakamātautau-t a te Tauira-rua-waewae rānei. E tohu ana ngā whetū i ngā rerekētanga nui ā-tatauranga ki te whakataurite ki te whakatauira (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, kāore i te nui). HA – waikawa humic; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
I kitea anō hoki e mātou he mahi whakaohooho tipu rite tonu e pā ana ki te taumaha hua me te koiora tipu i roto i ngā rōpere o te momo Festival (Pikitia 5), heoi, kāore i kitea he rerekētanga nui i roto i te tapeke o ngā hua mō ia tipu, mō ia wāhanga rānei (Pikitia 5); . He mea whakamīharo, ko te whakamahinga o MiZax i whakanui ake i te roa o te tipu me te maha o ngā stolon, e tohu ana ka taea te whakamahi i ēnei kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu hei whakapai ake i te tipu o ngā hua hua (Pikitia 5). Hei tāpiri, i inehia e mātou ētahi tawhā matū koiora hei mārama ki te kounga hua o ngā momo e rua i kohia mai i te mara, engari kāore i kitea he rerekētanga i waenga i ngā maimoatanga katoa (Pikitia Tāpiri S7; Pikitia Tāpiri S8).
Te pānga o MiZax ki te hanganga tipu me te hua rōpere i te mara KAU (momo Hakari), 2022. Ko ngā raraunga he toharite ± paerewa rerekētanga. n ≥ 15, engari ko te maha o ngā hua mō ia kauwhata i tatauhia i te toharite mai i te 15 tipu mai i ngā kauwhata e toru (n = 3). I whakahaerehia te tātari tatauranga mā te whakamahi i te tātari rerekētanga kotahi-ara (ANOVA) me te whakamātautau muri-hoc a Tukey, te whakamātautau-t a te Tauira e rua-waewae rānei. E tohu ana ngā whetū i ngā rerekētanga nui ā-tatauranga ki te whakataurite ki te whakatauira (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, kāore i te nui). HA – waikawa humic; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
I roto i ā mātou rangahau mō ngā rōpere, i kitea he rerekē ngā mahi koiora o MiZax3 me MiZax5. I tirohia tuatahitia e mātou ngā pānga o te maimoatanga (T) me te tau (Y) ki te momo kotahi (Sweet Charlie) mā te whakamahi i te ANOVA rua-ara hei whakatau i tā rāua taunekeneke (T x Y). Nō reira, kāore he pānga o te GA ki te momo rōpere (Sweet Charlie), engari ko te 5 μM MiZax3 me MiZax5 i whakanui ake i te koiora tipu me te hua (Pikitia 6), e tohu ana he tino ōrite ngā taunekeneke rua-ara o ngā MiZax e rua ki te whakatairanga rōpere. whakaputa hua.
Aromatawaihia ngā pānga o te maimoatanga 5 µM (T), te tau (Y) me tā rātou taunekeneke (T x Y) ki ngā rōpere (cv. Sweet Charlie). Ko ngā raraunga e tohu ana i te toharite ± te paerewa rerekētanga. n ≥ 30. I whakahaerehia te tātaritanga tatauranga mā te whakamahi i te tātaritanga rerekētanga rua-ara (ANOVA). E tohu ana ngā whetū i ngā rerekētanga nui ā-tatauranga ki te whakataurite ki te whakatauira (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, kāore i te nui). HA – waikawa humic; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Hei tāpiri, i te mea he rerekē te mahi a MiZax i runga i ngā momo tipu e rua (Pikitia 4; Pikitia 5), i whakahaerehia e mātou he ANOVA ara-rua e whakataurite ana i te maimoatanga (T) me ngā momo tipu e rua (C). Tuatahi, kāore he maimoatanga i pā ki te maha o ngā hua mō ia papa (Pikitia 7), e tohu ana kāore he taunekeneke nui i waenga i (T x C) me te kī kāore a MiZax me HA e whai wāhi ki te maha o ngā hua katoa. He rerekē, i whakanuia e MiZax (engari kāore i te HA) te taumaha o te tipu, te taumaha hua, ngā stolon me ngā tipu hou (Pikitia 7), e tohu ana ko MiZax3 me MiZax5 te whakatairanga nui i te tipu o ngā momo tipu rōpere rerekē. I runga i te ANOVA ara-rua (T x Y) me (T x C), ka taea e tātou te whakatau he tino ōrite, he rite tonu hoki ngā mahi whakatairanga tipu a MiZax3 me MiZax5 i raro i ngā āhuatanga o te mara.
Aromatawai i te maimoatanga rōpere me te 5 µM (T), ngā momo e rua (C) me tā rātou taunekeneke (T x C). Ko ngā raraunga e tohu ana i te toharite ± te paerewa rerekētanga. n ≥ 30, engari ko te maha o ngā hua mō ia kauwhata i tatauhia i te toharite mai i te 15 ngā tipu mai i ngā kauwhata e toru (n = 6). I whakahaerehia te tātari tatauranga mā te whakamahi i te tātari rerekētanga rua-ara (ANOVA). E tohu ana ngā whetū i ngā rerekētanga nui ā-tatauranga ki te whakataurite ki te whakatauira (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, kāore i te nui). HA – waikawa humic; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Hei whakamutunga, i whakamahia e mātou te tātaritanga wāhanga matua (PCA) hei aromatawai i ngā pānga o ngā matū i whakamahia ki ngā rīwai (T x Y) me ngā rōpere (T x C). E whakaatu ana ēnei tatauranga he rite te maimoatanga HA ki te acetone i roto i ngā rīwai, ki te wai rānei i roto i ngā rōpere (Pikitia 8), e tohu ana i te pānga pai iti ki te tipu o ngā tipu. He mea whakamīharo, ko ngā pānga whānui o MiZax3 me MiZax5 i whakaatu i te tohatoha ōrite i roto i ngā rīwai (Pikitia 8A), engari he rerekē te tohatoha o ēnei matū e rua i roto i ngā rōpere (Pikitia 8B). Ahakoa i whakaatuhia e MiZax3 me MiZax5 he tohatoha pai te nuinga i roto i te tipu me te hua o ngā tipu, i whakaatuhia e te tātaritanga PCA ko te mahi whakahaere tipu ka whakawhirinaki pea ki ngā momo tipu.
Tātaritanga wāhanga matua (PCA) o (A) rīwai (T x Y) me (B) rōpere (T x C). Kauwhata kaute mō ngā rōpū e rua. Ko te rārangi e hono ana i ia wāhanga ka arahi ki waenganui o te tautau.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, i runga i ā mātou rangahau mara motuhake e rima mō ngā hua e rua he nui te uara, ā, e rite ana ki ā mātou pūrongo o mua mai i te tau 2020 ki te 202226,27, he pai ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu a MiZax3 me MiZax5 hei whakapai ake i te tipu me te hua o ngā tipu, tae atu ki ngā witi, ngā tipu rakau (ngā nikau tāte) me ngā hua māra26,27. Ahakoa kāore i te tino kitea ngā tikanga ngota i tua atu i ā rātou mahi koiora, he nui te kaha mō ngā tono mara. Ko te mea pai rawa atu, ki te whakatauritea ki te waikawa humic, ka whakamahia a MiZax i roto i ngā rahinga iti ake (taumata micromolar, milligram rānei) ā, he nui ake te kitea o ngā pānga pai. Nō reira, ka whakatauhia e mātou te horopeta o MiZax3 mō ia tono (mai i te kukū iti ki te kukū teitei): 3, 6, 12 karamu rānei/ha, me te horopeta o MiZx5: 4, 7, 13 karamu rānei/ha, e whai hua ai ēnei PGR mō te whakapai ake i ngā hua o ngā hua. He tino taea.
Wā tuku: Hurae-29-2024