E whā ngā hononga e wehea ana i te mekameka ahumahi o ngā hua tiaki tipu: "ngā rauemi mata – ngā takawaenga – ngā rongoā taketake – ngā whakaritenga". Ko te ahumahi hinu/matū kei runga ake, e whakarato ana i ngā rauemi mata mō ngā hua tiaki tipu, ko te nuinga he rauemi matū kore-waro pērā i te whākōkī kōwhai me te haurore wai, me ngā rauemi matū waro taketake pērā i te methanol me te "tribenzene".
Ko te umanga waenga-awa ko ngā takawaenga me ngā rongoā hohe. Ko ngā takawaenga te pūtake mō te hanga rongoā hohe, ā, he rerekē ngā takawaenga e hiahiatia ana mō ngā rongoā hohe rerekē i roto i te tukanga whakaputa, ka taea te wehewehe i ēnei hei takawaenga kei roto te fluorine, hei takawaenga kei roto te cyano, me hei takawaenga heterocyclic. Ko te rongoā taketake te hua whakamutunga i titoa mai i ngā kai hohe me ngā poke i whiwhihia i roto i te tukanga hanga patu pepeke. E ai ki te mea whakahaere, ka taea te wehewehe ki ngā patu taru, ngā patu pepeke, ngā patu harore me ētahi atu.
Ko ngā ahumahi o raro iho e kapi ana i ngā hua rongoā. Nā te kore e wairewa i roto i te wai, me te nui o ngā matū hohe, kāore e taea te whakamahi tika i te nuinga o ngā rongoā hohe, me tāpiri atu ngā tāpiringa e tika ana (pēnei i ngā whakarewa, ngā emulsifier, ngā dispersant, me ētahi atu) kua tukatukahia hei momo inenga rerekē, e whakamahia ana i roto i te ahuwhenua, te ngahere, te whakatipu kararehe, te hauora me ētahi atu mara.
01Te āhua whanaketanga o te mākete takawaenga patu pepeke i Haina
Patupatu pepekeKei waenganui te umanga takawaenga i te mekameka umanga patu pepeke, ā, ko ngā kamupene ao whānui te kaiwhakahaere o te rangahau me te whakawhanake patu pepeke auaha me ngā hongere hoko o ngā whakaritenga whakamutunga, ko te nuinga o ngā takawaenga me ngā kaihoko hohe e whiriwhiri ana ki te hoko mai i Haina, Inia me ētahi atu whenua, kua riro a Haina me Inia hei wāhi whakaputa matua o ngā takawaenga patu pepeke me ngā kaihoko hohe o te ao.
I noho tonu te tere tipu o te whakaputanga o ngā takawaenga patu pepeke i Haina, me te tere tipu ā-tau toharite o te 1.4% mai i te tau 2014 ki te 2023. He nui te pānga o te kaupapa here ki ngā umanga takawaenga patu pepeke o Haina, ā, he iti te tere whakamahinga whānui o te kaha. Ka taea e ngā takawaenga patu pepeke i hangaia i Haina te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te umanga patu pepeke, engari me kawemai tonu ētahi takawaenga. Ko ētahi o ēnei e hangaia ana i Haina, engari kāore e taea e te rahinga, te kounga rānei te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga whakaputa; kāore anō kia taea e tetahi atu wāhanga o Haina te whakaputa.
Mai i te tau 2017, kua tino heke te hiahia mō ngā takawaenga patu pepeke i Haina, ā, ko te hekenga o te rahi o te mākete he iti iho i te hekenga o te hiahia. Nā te whakatinanatanga o te mahi kore-tipu o ngā patu pepeke me ngā maniua, kua tino heke te nui o te tono patu pepeke me te hanga rongoā mata i Haina, ā, kua tino heke hoki te hiahia mō ngā takawaenga patu pepeke. I taua wā anō, i pāngia e ngā here tiaki taiao, i piki tere te utu mākete o te nuinga o ngā takawaenga patu pepeke i te tau 2017, ā, i pumau ai te rahi o te mākete ahumahi, ā, i heke haere te utu mākete mai i te tau 2018 ki te 2019 i te hokinga haere o te tuku ki te noa. E ai ki ngā tatauranga, i te tau 2022, ko te rahi o te mākete takawaenga patu pepeke o Haina he tata ki te 68.78 piriona yuan, ā, ko te utu toharite o te mākete he tata ki te 17,500 yuan/tana.
02Te āhua whanaketanga o te mākete whakarite patu pepeke i Haina
Ko te tohatoha hua o te mekameka ahumahi patu pepeke e whakaatu ana i ngā āhuatanga o te "piko ataata": ko ngā whakaritenga he 50%, ko ngā takawaenga he 20%, ko ngā rongoā taketake he 15%, ko ngā ratonga he 15%, ā, ko ngā hoko whakaritenga whakamutunga te hononga hua matua, e noho ana i te tūranga tino nui i roto i te tohatoha hua o te mekameka ahumahi patu pepeke. Ki te whakatauritea ki te hanga o te rongoā taketake, e aro nui ana ki te hangarau hangai me te whakahaere utu, he tata ake te whakaritenga ki te mākete whakamutunga, ā, he whānui ake te kaha o te hinonga.
Haunga te rangahau me te whanaketanga hangarau, kei te aro nui hoki te mara o ngā whakaritenga ki ngā hongere me te hanga waitohu, te ratonga whai muri i te hoko, me ngā āhuatanga whakataetae kanorau me te uara tāpiri teitei ake. Nā te whakatinanatanga o te mahi kore-tipu o ngā patu pepeke me te tongi, kua heke tonu te hiahia mō ngā whakaritenga patu pepeke i Haina, ā, kua pā tika tēnei ki te rahi o te mākete me te tere whanaketanga o te umanga. I tēnei wā, ko te hekenga o te hiahia o Haina kua arahi ki te raruraru nui o te kaha nui, kua kaha ake te whakataetae mākete, ā, kua pā ki te hua o ngā umanga me te whanaketanga o te umanga.
He nui ake te nui o ngā rongoā patu pepeke kaweake a Haina i ngā rongoā kawemai, ā, he nui ake te hokohoko. Mai i te tau 2020 ki te tau 2022, ka whakatikatika, ka urutau, ka whakapai ake te kaweake o ngā rongoā patu pepeke a Haina i ngā pikinga me ngā hekenga. I te tau 2023, ko te nui o ngā rongoā patu pepeke kawemai a Haina he 974 miriona tāra US, he pikinga 1.94% i tērā wā o te tau kua hipa, ā, ko ngā whenua pūtake matua o te kawemai ko Initonīhia, Hapani me Tiamana. Ko te nui o ngā kaweake he $8.087 piriona, he hekenga 27.21% ia tau, ko ngā whenua matua e haere ana ki te kaweake ko Brazil (18.3%), Ahitereiria me te Hononga o Amerika. E 70%-80% o te hanga patu pepeke a Haina ka kaweakehia, ko te nui o ngā taonga kei te mākete o te ao me tātari, ā, kua tino heke te utu o ngā hua patu pepeke kua tāpirihia, koinei te take matua o te hekenga o te nui o ngā rongoā patu pepeke kaweake i te tau 2023.
Wā tuku: Hurae-22-2024