E whakaatu ana tēnei rangahau ko te harore *Kosakonia oryziphila* NP19 e hono tahi ana i te rhizosphere i tangohia mai i ngā pakiaka raihi he patu pepeke koiora e whakatairanga ana i te tipu o te tipu me te patu pepeke koiora hei whakahaere i te pahūtanga raihi i puta mai i te *Pyricularia oryzae*. I whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau in vitro ki runga i ngā rau hou o ngā tipu raihi jasmine o te momo Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105). I whakaatu ngā hua he pai te aukati a te NP19 i te whakatipu o ngā conidia *Pyricularia oryzae*. I aukatia te mate *Pyricularia oryzae* i raro i ngā tikanga maimoatanga rerekē e toru: tuatahi, i whakatōngia te raihi ki te NP19 me te werohanga ki ngā conidia *Pyricularia oryzae*; tuarua, i pania he ranunga o ngā conidia NP19 me te *Pyricularia oryzae* ki ngā rau;
Te huakita rhizosphere *Kosakonia oryziphila* NP1914i wehea mai i ngā pakiaka raihi (*Oryza sativa* L. cv. RD6). He āhuatanga whakatairanga tipu tō *Kosakonia oryziphila* NP19, tae atu ki te whakapūmau hauota, te whakaputa waikawa indoleacetic (IAA), me te whakarewatanga phosphate. He mea whakamīharo, ka whakaputa chitinase te *Kosakonia oryziphila* NP19.14.Nā te whakamahinga o *Kosakonia oryziphila* NP19 ki ngā purapura raihi KDML105 i whakapai ake te oranga o te raihi i muri i te pangia e te pahū raihi. Ko te whāinga o tēnei rangahau he (i) whakamārama i te tikanga aukati o *Kosakonia oryziphila* NP19 ki te pahū raihi me te (ii) tirotiro i te pānga o *Kosakonia oryziphila* NP19 ki te whakahaere i te pahū raihi.
He mea nui te mahi a ngā matūkai ki te tipu me te whanaketanga o ngā tipu, ā, he mea whakahaere hoki i ngā mate moroiti. Ko te kai kohuke o te tipu e whakatau ana i tōna ātete ki te mate, i ōna āhuatanga āhua, kiko rānei, me tōna kaha ki te ora ki ngā mate pāwera. Ka taea e te whākawa te whakaroa i te whanaketanga me te whakaiti i te kaha o te pahūtanga raihi mā te whakanui ake i te hanganga o ngā matū phenolic. Ko te pāhare pākawa te tikanga ka whakaiti i te maha o ngā mate raihi, pērā i te pahūtanga raihi, te ira rau huakita, te ira papa rau, te pirau kakau, me te ira rau. I whakaatuhia e tētahi rangahau a Perrenoud ka taea hoki e ngā maniua pāhare pākawa nui te whakaiti i te maha o ngā mate harore o te raihi me te whakanui ake i te hua. He maha ngā rangahau kua whakaatu ka taea e ngā maniua whanariki te whakapai ake i te ātete o te hua ki ngā mate harore.27Ka taea e te nui rawa o te konupora (he wāhanga o te chlorophyll) te arahi ki te pupuhi o te raihi.21Ka taea e te konutea te patu tika i ngā huakita, ā, ka whakaiti i te kaha o te mate.22I whakaatuhia e ngā whakamātautau mara ahakoa he nui ake te kukū o te whākōkī, te pāhare pākawa, te whanariki, me te konutea i roto i te oneone mara i tō te whakamātautau kohua, ka horapa tonu te pahūtanga raihi mā roto i ngā rau raihi. Kāore pea ngā matūkai o te oneone e tino whai hua ki te whakahaere i te pahūtanga raihi, nā te mea he kino te haumākū me te pāmahana mō te whakaekenga kaha o ngā mate pāwera.
I roto i ngā whakamātautau mara, i kitea a Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, P. dispersa, Xanthomonas sacchari, Burkholderia multivorans, Burkholderia diffusa, Burkholderia vietnamiensis me C. gleum i roto i ngā maimoatanga katoa. Kua wehea a Stenotrophomonas maltophilia mai i te rhizosfera o te witi, te ōti, te kūkamo, te kānga, me te rīwai, ā, kua whakaatuhia he mana whakahaere koiora.mahiki a Colletotrichum nymphaeae.28 Hei tāpiri, kua pūrongohia he whai hua a P. dispersa ki ngā pepeke pangopirau okūmara.29 Hei tāpiri, kua whakaatuhia e te momo R1 o Xanthomonas sacchari he kaha whakahē ki te pupuhi raihi me te pirau panicle i puta mai i te Burkholderiaglumae.30Ka taea e te Burkholderia oryzae NP19 te whakatū hononga tahi ki te kiko raihi i te wā e whakatipu ana, ā, ka noho hei harore tahi mō ētahi momo raihi. Ahakoa ka taea e ētahi atu huakita oneone te noho ki te raihi i muri i te whakatō, ko te harore pahū NP19, ina nohoia, ka awe i ngā āhuatanga maha i roto i te tikanga tiaki o te raihi ki tēnei mate. Ehara i te mea ka pehi noa te NP19 i te tipu o te P. oryzae mā te neke atu i te 50% (tirohia te Ripanga Tāpiri S1 i te apitihanga ipurangi), engari ka whakaitihia hoki te maha o ngā whara pahū i runga i ngā rau, ā, ka whakanui ake i te hua o te raihi kua werohia, kua nohoia rānei ki te NP19 (RBf, RFf-B, me te RBFf-B) i roto i ngā whakamātautau mara (Pikitia S3).
Ko te harore Pyricularia oryzae, e puta ai te pahūtanga o te tipu, he harore hemittrophic e hiahia ana ki ngā matūkai mai i te tipu manaaki i te wā e pangia ana. Ka whakaputahia e ngā tipu ngā momo hāora tauhohe (ROS) hei pehi i te mate harore; heoi, he maha ngā rautaki a Pyricularia oryzae hei ārai i te ROS i hangaia e te manaaki.31Te āhua nei he mahi tā ngā peroxidase ki te ātete i ngā huaketo, tae atu ki te hononga whakawhiti o ngā pūmua pakitara pūtau, te whakamātotoru o ngā pakitara xylem, te whakaputa ROS, me te whakakore i te hauwai peroxide.32Tērā pea ka mahi ngā whākōkī ārai mate hei pūnaha tango ROS motuhake. Mā roto i ō rātou āhuatanga ārai mate, ka āwhina te superoxide dismutase (SOD) me te peroxidase (POD) ki te tīmata i ngā urupare parepare, me te SOD hei rārangi parepare tuatahi.33I roto i te raihi, ka puta te mahi peroxidase tipu i muri i te pangia e ngā pathogens tipu pērā i te *Pyricularia oryzae* me te *Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae*.32I roto i tēnei rangahau, i piki ake te mahi peroxidase i roto i te raihi i whakatipuria, i werohia rānei ki te *Magnaporthe oryzae* NP19; heoi, kāore te *Magnaporthe oryzae* i pā ki te mahi peroxidase. Ko te Superoxide dismutase (SOD), hei H₂O₂ synthase, ka whakatere i te whakahekenga o te O₂⁻ ki te H₂O₂. He mahi nui tā te SOD ki te ātete o te tipu ki ngā ahotea maha mā te whakataurite i te kukū o te H₂O₂ i roto i te tipu, ā, ka whakarei ake i te manawanui o te tipu ki ngā ahotea maha³⁴. I roto i tēnei rangahau, i roto i te whakamātautau kohua, 30 ngā rā i muri i te werohanga o *Magnaporthe oryzae* (30 DAT), ko ngā mahi SOD i roto i ngā rōpū RF me RBF he 121.9% me te 104.5% teitei ake i ērā i roto i te rōpū R, ia, e tohu ana i te urupare SOD ki te mate *Magnaporthe oryzae*. I roto i ngā whakamātautau i roto i te kohua me te mara, ko ngā mahi SOD i roto i te raihi i werohia ki te *Magnaporthe oryzae* NP19 he 67.7% me te 28.8% teitei ake i ērā i roto i te raihi kāore i werohia i ngā rā 30 i muri i te werohanga. Ka pāngia ngā urupare matū koiora o te tipu e te taiao, te pūtake ahotea, me te momo tipu³⁵. Ka pāngia tika ngā mahi whākōkī ārai-mate o te tipu e ngā āhuatanga taiao, ā, ka pāngia ngā mahi whākōkī ārai-mate o te tipu mā te whakarerekē i te hapori moroiti tipu.
Ko te harore mate pāwera raihi (Kosakonia oryziphila NP19, nama urunga NCBI PP861312) i whakamahia i roto i tēnei rangahau he momo13i wehea mai i ngā pakiaka o te momo raihi RD6 i te Porowini o Nakhon Phanom, Thailand (16° 59′ 42.9″ N 104° 22′ 17.9″ E). I whakatōngia tēnei momo ki roto i te hupa matūkai (NB) i te 30°C me te 150 rpm mō te 18 hāora. Hei tatau i te kukū huakita, i inehia te mimiti o te whakatārewatanga huakita i te 600 nm. I whakatikatikaina te kukū o te whakatārewatanga huakita ki10⁶CFU/mL me te wai whakakore iona parakore (dH₂O). I werohia te harore pahū raihi (Pyricularia oryzae) ki runga i te agar dextrose rīwai (PDA) ā, i whaowhia ki te 25°C mō ngā rā e 7. I whakawhitia te mycelium harore ki te reo agar bran raihi (2% (w/v) bran raihi, 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, me te 2% (w/v) agar i rewa ki te wai deionized, pH 7) ā, i whaowhia ki te 25°C mō ngā rā e 7. I whakatakotoria he rau kua whakahoromatatia o tētahi momo raihi ngoikore (KDML105) ki runga i te mycelium hei whakaputa i ngā conidia, ā, i whaowhia ki te 25°C mō ngā rā e 5 i raro i te UV me te mārama mā. I kohia ngā conidia mā te muru mārie i te mycelium me te mata rau kua pangia ki te 10 ml o te otinga Tween 20 0.025% (v/v) kua whakahoromatatia. I tātarihia te otinga harore mā roto i ngā paparanga tīhi e waru hei tango i te mycelium, te agar, me ngā rau raihi. I whakatikatikaina te kukū o ngā konidia i roto i te whakatārewatanga ki te 5 × 10⁵ konidia/ml hei tātaritanga atu.
I whakaritea ngā ahurea hou o ngā pūtau Kosakonia oryziphila NP19 mā te whakatipu i roto i te reo NB i te 37 °C mō te 24 hāora. Whai muri i te centrifugation (3047 × g, 10 meneti), i kohia te pirepire pūtau, i horoia kia rua ngā wā ki te 10 mM phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.2), ā, i whakatārewatia anō ki roto i te buffer kotahi. I inehia te kiato whatu o te whakatārewatanga pūtau i te 600 nm, ā, i whiwhi i te uara tata ki te 1.0 (he rite ki te 1.0 × 10⁷ CFU/μl i whakatauhia mā te whakakikorua i runga i ngā pereti agar matūkai). I whiwhihia ngā conidia o P. oryzae mā te whakatārewatanga i roto i te otinga PBS me te tatau mā te whakamahi i te hemocytometer. Ngā whakatārewatanga o *K. oryziphila* NP19 me *P. Mō ngā whakamātautau paninga rau, i whakaritea ngā konidia K. oryziphila* ki runga i ngā rau raihi hou i ngā kukū o te 1.0 × 10⁷ CFU/μL me te 5.0 × 10² konidia/μL, ia. Ko te tikanga whakarite tauira raihi penei: i tapahia ngā rau 5 cm te roa mai i ngā tipu raihi, ā, i whakatakotoria ki roto i ngā rihi Petri kua whakarārangihia ki te pepa mimiti kua whakamakukuhia. E rima ngā rōpū maimoatanga i whakatūria: (i) R: ngā rau raihi kāore i werohia he huakita hei mana whakahaere, i tāpirihia ki te otinga 0.025% (v/v) Tween 20; (ii) RB + F: te raihi i werohia ki te K. oryziphila NP19, i tāpirihia ki te 2 μL o te whakatārewatanga konidia o te harore e puta ai te pahūtanga raihi; (iii) R + BF: Te raihi i roto i te rōpū R i tāpirihia ki te 4 μl o te ranunga o te whakatārewatanga konidia harore pahūtanga me te K. oryziphila NP19 (ōwehenga rōrahi 1:1); (iv) R + F: Ko te raihi i roto i te rōpū R i tāpirihia ki te 2 μl o te whakatārewatanga o ngā konidia harore pahū; (v) RF + B: Ko te raihi i roto i te rōpū R i tāpirihia ki te 2 μl o te whakatārewatanga o ngā konidia harore pahū i whakatōkia mō te 30 hāora, kātahi ka tāpirihia te 2 μl o te K. oryziphila NP19 ki te wāhi kotahi. I whakatōkia ngā rihi Petri katoa i te 25°C i roto i te pōuri mō te 30 hāora, kātahi ka whakanohoia ki raro i te mārama tonu. I hangaia ia rōpū kia toru ngā tāruatanga. I muri i te 72 hāora o te whakatipu, i tirohia, ā, i tātarihia ngā kiko tipu mā te karu hiko matawai (SEM). I roto i te poto, i whakapūmauhia ngā kiko tipu ki roto i te pūhui phosphate kei roto ko te 2.5% (v/v) glutaraldehyde, ā, i whakamaroketia mā te raupapa o ngā otinga etanoru. I muri i te whakamaroke i ngā pūwāhi matua ki te hauhā waro, i pania ngā tauira ki te koura, ā, i tirotirohia mā te karu hiko matawai.15
Wā tuku: Hakihea-15-2025