Nā, kua kōrero tātou mō te patupatu ngarara nicotinic o te whakatupuranga tuatoru, me tātari tātou i te whakarōpūtanga o ngā patupatu ngarara nicotinic.
Ko te whakatupuranga tuatahi o ngā hua nikotīni: imidacloprid, nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiacloprid. Ko te takawaenga matua ko te 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine, nō te rōpū chloropyridyl.
Ngā hua nikotīni o te reanga tuarua: thiamethoxam), clothianidin. Ko te takawaenga matua ko te 2-chloro-5-chloromethylthiazole, nō te rōpū chlorothiazolyl.
Ko te tuatoru o ngā whakatipuranga o ngā hua nikotīni: te dinotefuran, ka whakakapia te rōpū tetrahydrofuran e te rōpū chloro, ā, kāore he huānga halogen i roto.
Ko te tikanga o te mahi patu pepeke nikotīni he pā ki te pūnaha tuku io o ngā pepeke, ka whakaohooho i a rātou, ka pararutiki, ka mate, ā, he pānga anō hoki ki te whakamate pā me te paihana puku. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā nikotīni tuku iho, kāore he huānga halogen i roto i te dinotefuran, ā, he kaha ake tōna wairewatanga ki te wai, ko te tikanga he ngāwari ake te mimiti o te dinotefuran; ā, ko tōna paitini ā-waha ki ngā pī he 1/4.6 noa iho o te thiamethoxam, ko te paitini pā he haurua o te thiamethoxam.
I te 30 o Ākuhata, 2022, e 25 ngā tiwhikete rēhitatanga o tōku whenua mō ngā hua hangarau dinotefuran; 164 ngā tiwhikete rēhitatanga mō ngā horopeta takitahi me te 111 ngā tiwhikete rēhitatanga mō ngā ranunga, tae atu ki te 51 ngā patu pepeke pokekore.
Ko ngā momo horopeta kua rēhitatia ko ngā paura wairewa, ngā kaihoko whakatārewatanga, ngā paura wairewa-wai, ngā kaihoko paninga purapura whakatārewatia, ngā paura, me ētahi atu, ā, ko te ihirangi horopeta kotahi he 0.025%-70%.
Ko ngā hua whakauru ko te pymetrozine, spirotetramat, pyridaben, bifenthrin, me ētahi atu.
01 Dinotefuran + Pymetrozine
He tino pai te pānga kawe ira o te Pymetrozine, ā, ko te tere o te mahi a te dinotefuran te painga nui o tēnei hua. He rerekē ngā tikanga mahi a ngā mea e rua. Ina whakamahia ngātahi, ka tere te mate o ngā pepeke, ā, ka roa te pānga.02Dinotefuran + Spirotetram
Ko tēnei tauira te tauira hoariri o ngā aphids, ngā thrips, me ngā whiteflies. I ngā tau tata nei, mai i te whakatairanga me te whakamahinga o ngā wāhi rerekē me ngā urupare a ngā kaiwhakamahi, he tino pai tonu te hua.
03Dinotefuran + Pyriproxyfen
He rongoā whakamate hua manu tino whai hua a Pyriproxyfen, engari ko te dinotefuran he rongoā mō ngā pakeke anake. Mā te whakakotahitanga o ēnei e rua ka taea te patu i ngā hua manu katoa. He hoa pai rawa atu tēnei.
04Ngā Patupatu Pepeke Dinotefuran + Pyrethroid
Ka taea e tēnei tauira te whakapai ake i te pānga patu pepeke. Ko ngā patu pepeke pyrethroid tonu he patu pepeke whānui te whānuitanga. Mā te whakakotahitanga o ngā mea e rua ka taea te whakaiti i te tere o te ātete ki ngā rongoā, ā, ka taea hoki te rongoā i te pīrere puruhi. He tauira tēnei e whakatairangahia whānuitia ana e ngā kaihanga i ngā tau tata nei.
Whakatauhia te whakatau
Ko ngā takawaenga matua o te dinotefuran ko te tetrahydrofuran-3-methylamine me te O-methyl-N-nitroisourea.
Ko te nuinga o te wā ka hangaia te tetrahydrofuran-3-methylamine ki Zhejiang, Hubei me Jiangsu, ā, he rawaka te kaha whakaputa hei whakatutuki i te whakamahinga o te dinotefuran.
Ko te nuinga o te wā ka hangaia te O-methyl-N-nitroisourea ki Hebei, Hubei me Jiangsu. Koinei te takawaenga tino nui o te dinotefuran nā te tukanga morearea e pā ana ki te nitrification.
01He whānui ake te whānuitanga o ngā whakamahinga o te Dinotefuran hei patu i ngā pepeke me ngā rongoā akuaku, mai i ngā pepeke iti ki ngā pepeke nunui, ā, he pai hoki te pānga whakahaere.
02He pai te whakaranu, ka taea te whakaranu i te dinotefuran me ngā momo patu pepeke me ngā patu harore, he mea watea ki te whakamahi; he momona ngā hanganga, ā, ka taea te hanga hei tongi kirikiri, hei paninga purapura mō te whakakakahu purapura, me te kaihoko whakatārewatanga mō te rehu.
03E whakamahia ana te raihi hei whakahaere i ngā pepeke me ngā pepeke tipu mā te whakamahi i te rongoā kotahi me ngā patu e rua. He iti te utu, ā, he whai wāhitanga nui tēnei mā te mākete mō te tipu o te dinotefuran ā muri ake nei.
04Nā te rongonuitanga o te ārai rere, he ngāwari te wairewa o te dinotefuran ki te wai, ā, he pai ake mō te whakamahinga whānui o te ārai rere. Mā te rongonuitanga o te ārai rere ka whakaratohia he whai wāhitanga mākete onge mō te whanaketanga o te dinotefuran ā muri ake nei.
05Ko te D-enantiomer o te dinotefuran te nuinga e whakarato ana i te mahi patu pepeke, ko te L-enantiomer ia he tino paitini ki ngā pī honi Itari. E whakaponohia ana mā te whanaketanga o te hangarau purenga, ka pakaru te dinotefuran, he pai ake te taiao, i tana ake arai whanaketanga.
06Mā te arotahi ki ngā hua motuhake, i te mea ka kaha ake te ātete o ngā kutukutu rīki me ngā kutukutu kāriki ki ngā matū noa, kua pai te mahi a te dinotefuran ki te whakahaere i ngā pepeke kutukutu, ā, mā te whakamahinga o te dinotefuran i roto i ngā hua motuhake ka whakaratohia he mākete hou me ngā huarahi mō te whanaketanga o te dinotefuran.
07Whakapainga whai hua. Ko te arai nui rawa atu i pā ki te tipu o te dinotefuran ko te utu nui o te rongoā taketake me te utu nui o te whakamahinga o te rongoā whakamutunga. Heoi, kei te iti rawa te utu o te dinotefuran i tēnei wā i roto i te hītori. Nā te hekenga o te utu, kua piki haere te kitea o te ōwehenga utu-mahi o te dinotefuran. E whakapono ana mātou ko te whakapainga o te ōwehenga utu-mahi ka whakarato i ngā huarahi maha atu mō te tipu o te dinotefuran ā muri ake nei.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-21-2022