Ka whakapau kaha te tangata ki te karo i ngā ngau a te waeroa. Ka tahuna e rātou te paru kau, te anga kokonati, te kawhe rānei. Ka inu rātou i te gin me te tonic. Ka kai panana rātou. Ka rehuhia e rātou te waha ki te wai horoi, ka pania rānei ki te wai koroka/waipiro. Ka whakamaroke hoki rātou i a rātou ki te Bounce. "E mōhio ana koe, ko aua pepa kakara reka ka tukuna e koe ki roto i te whakamaroke," te kī a Immo Hansen, PhD, he ahorangi i te Institute of Applied Biosciences i te New Mexico State University.
Kāore anō kia whakamatautauria tētahi o ēnei tikanga kia kitea ai mēnā ka peia e rātou ngā waeroa. Engari kāore tēnā i aukati i te iwi ki te whakamātau i ēnei, e ai ki tētahi rangahau ka whakaputaina i tēnei raumati e Hansen me tana hoa mahi a Stacy Rodriguez, te kaiwhakahaere o te taiwhanga a Hansen i Te Whare Wānanga o te Kāwanatanga o New Mexico. E ako ana a Stacy Rodriguez i ngā huarahi hei ārai i ngā mate e kawea mai ana e te waeroa. I rangahauhia e ia me ana hoa mahi te 5,000 tāngata mō te āhua o tā rātou tiaki i a rātou anō mai i ngā ngau waeroa. Ko te nuinga o te iwi i whakamahi i ngā rongoā peia waeroa tuku iho.
Kātahi ka pātai atu ngā kairangahau ki a rātou mō ngā rongoā tuku iho o te kāinga. Koinei te wāhi e whai hua ai te paru kau me te pepa whakamaroke. I roto i tētahi uiuinga, i whakapuaki a Hansen rāua ko Rodriguez i ētahi o ngā whakautu i riro mai i a rāua. I whakaputaina tā rāua pepa ki te hautaka arotake-a-hoa PeerJ.
Haunga ngā rongoā tuku iho me ngā ārai mate tuku iho, kei reira ētahi atu huarahi kua whakamātauhia hei tiaki i a koe mai i ngā waeroa me ngā mate e mau ana i a rātou. I kōrero a NPR ki ngā kairangahau, he tokomaha o rātou e noho ana i te nuinga o te wā i roto i ngā ngahere, ngā repo, me ngā rohe pārūrū kua kapi i te waeroa.
Kua whakaatuhia he haumaru, he whai hua hoki ngā hua kei roto te DEET. Ko te DEET he whakarāpopototanga mō te matū N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide, koinei te matū hohe i roto i te maha o ngā ārai pepeke. I tirohia e tētahi pepa i whakaputaina i te tau 2015 i roto i te Journal of Insect Science te whai huatanga o ngā momo patu pepeke arumoni, ā, i kitea he whai hua, he roa hoki te ora o ngā hua kei roto te DEET. Ko Rodriguez rāua ko Hansen ngā kaituhi o te rangahau o te tau 2015, i tāruatia e rāua i roto i tētahi pepa o te tau 2017 i roto i te hautaka kotahi.
I tae te DEET ki ngā toa hokohoko i te tau 1957. I te tīmatanga, i puta ngā āwangawanga mō tōna haumaru, ā, i kī ētahi ka pā mai pea ngā raruraru pūnaha io. Heoi, ko ngā arotake hou ake nei, pērā i te rangahau o Hune 2014 i whakaputaina i roto i te puka Parasites and Vectors, e kī ana "kāore i kitea he taunakitanga mō ngā pānga kino kino e pā ana ki te whakamahinga o te DEET i tūtohutia i roto i ngā whakamātautau kararehe, ngā rangahau tirotiro, me ngā whakamātautau wawaotanga."
Ehara i te mea ko te DEET anake te patu. He rite tonu te whai huatanga o ngā hua kei roto ko ngā kai hohe o te picaridin me te IR 3535, e ai ki a Tākuta Dan Strickman o te Global Health Program a te Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (he kaitautoko NPR) me te kaituhi o te pukapuka Preventing Insect Bites, Stings, and Disease.
E ai ki te pūrongo a te Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, he haumaru, he whai hua hoki ngā ārai pepeke kei roto i ēnei matū hohe. E whakamahia whānuitia ana ēnei ārai pepeke puta noa i te ao.
"Pikaritinihe nui ake te whai hua iDEET"ā, te āhua nei ka panaia ngā waeroa," tana kī. Ina whakamahia e te tangata te DEET, ka tau pea ngā waeroa ki runga i a rātou engari kāore e ngau. Ina whakamahia e rātou ngā hua kei roto te picaridin, he iti ake te tūponotanga ka tau ngā waeroa. He iti ake te whai huatanga o ngā panaia kei roto te IR 3535, e ai ki a Strickman, engari kāore i te kaha te haunga o ētahi atu hua.
Kei reira anō te hinu rēmana eucalyptus (PMD), he hinu tūturu i ahu mai i ngā rau me ngā manga kakara rēmana o te rākau eucalyptus, e taunakitia ana hoki e te CDC. Ko te PMD te wāhanga o te hinu e pana ana i ngā pepeke. I kitea e ngā kairangahau i te Whare Wānanga o te Kāwanatanga o New Mexico he rite tonu te whai huatanga o ngā hua kei roto te hinu rēmana eucalyptus ki ērā kei roto te DEET, ā, he roa ake te roa o ngā pānga. "He whakama ētahi tāngata mō te whakamahi i ngā matū ki ō rātou kiri. He pai ake ki a rātou ngā hua tūturu," te kī a Rodriguez.
I te tau 2015, i kitea he mea whakamiharo: he tino whai hua te kakara Bombshell a Victoria's Secret ki te pei i ngā waeroa. I kī a Hansen rāua ko Rodriguez i tāpirihia e rāua ki ā rāua hua whakamātautau hei mana whakahaere pai nā te mea i whakaaro rāua ka kukume mai te kakara putiputi i ngā waeroa. E kitea ana e kino ana ngā waeroa ki te kakara.
I puta mai hoki ngā mea miharo i roto i tā rātou rangahau hou, mai i te tau 2017. Ko te hua, e kiia nei ko te Off Clip-On, e piri ana ki ngā kākahu, ā, kei roto hoki te metofluthrin ārai pepeke ā-rohe, e taunakitia ana hoki e te CDC. He mea hanga te taputapu mau mō te hunga e noho ana i te wāhi kotahi, pērā i ngā mātua e mātakitaki ana i te kēmu whutupōro. Ka tahuri te kaimau kopare ki tētahi hau iti e whakamahia ana e te pākahiko e pupuhi ana i tētahi kapua iti o te kohu ārai ki te rangi huri noa i te kaimau. "He pono kei te mahi," te kī a Hansen, me te tāpiri he rite tonu te whai huatanga ki te pei i ngā pepeke ki te DEET, ki te hinu rēmana eucalyptus rānei.
Kāore ngā hua katoa e puta ai ngā hua e oatitia ana. I kitea i roto i tētahi rangahau i te tau 2015 kāore i whai hua ngā pākete huaora B1 ki te pei i ngā waeroa. I roto i tētahi rangahau i te tau 2017, i whakaurua ngā kānara citronella ki roto i ngā hua kāore i pei i ngā waeroa.
Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau tata nei kāore ngā poroporo me ngā here e kiia nei he ārai namu e ārai ana i ngā namu. Kei roto i ēnei hua he momo hinu, tae atu ki te citronella me te lemongrass.
"Kua ngaua ngā poroporo e te waeroa ki ngā poroporo kua whakamatauria e au," te kī a Rodriguez. "E pānuitia ana ēnei poroporo me ngā takai hei ārai i a Zika [he huaketo kawe waeroa ka pā he mate whānau kino ki ngā wāhine hapu], engari kāore rawa ēnei poroporo i te whai hua."
Kāore hoki ngā taputapu oro-oro, e tuku ana i ngā oro kāore e rangona e te tangata engari e kīia ana e ngā kaihokohoko e kinongia ana e ngā waeroa, e mahi ana. "Kāore he pānga o ngā taputapu oro i whakamatautauria e mātou," te kī a Hansen. "Kua whakamatautauria e mātou ētahi atu taputapu i mua. Kāore i whai hua. Kāore he taunakitanga pūtaiao e whakaatu ana ka peia ngā waeroa e te oro.
E ai ki ngā tohunga he mea mātau ake te whai i ngā tohutohu a te kaihanga. Mena ka noho te tangata ki waho mō te haora, e rua rānei, me whakamahi rātou i ngā hua kei roto he iti ake te kukū o te DEET (e kī ana te tapanga he 10 ōrau pea) hei tiaki. I kī a Tākuta Jorge Rey, te kaiwhakahaere whakakapi o te Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory i Vero Beach, mena ka noho te tangata ki ngā wāhi ngahere, ki ngā ngaherehere, ki ngā repo rānei, me whakamahi rātou i te kukū teitei ake o te DEET — 20 ōrau ki te 25 ōrau — ā, me whakarerekē i ia whā hāora. "Ko te teitei ake o te kukū, ko te roa ake," te kī a Rey.
Me whai anō i ngā tohutohu horopeta a te kaihanga. "He tokomaha te hunga e whakaaro ana mēnā he pai i roto i ngā rahinga iti, he pai ake i roto i ngā rahinga nui," te kī a Tākuta William Reisen, he ahorangi emeritus i te Whare Wānanga o California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine. "Kāore koe e hiahia ki te kaukau i roto i te mea."
Ina haere a Ray ki ngā wāhi e kapi ana i ngā pepeke, pērā i te Everglades National Park o Florida, ki te whakahaere rangahau, ka mau ia i ngā taputapu tiaki. "Ka mau mātou i ngā tarau roa me ngā hāte ringaringa roa," tana kī. "Ki te tino kino, ka hipokina ō mātou mata e ngā pōtae me ngā kupenga. Ka whakawhirinaki mātou ki ngā wāhanga e kitea ana o ō mātou tinana hei pei i ngā namu." Tērā pea ko ō mātou ringaringa, kaki, me te mata. Heoi, e kī ana ngā tohunga kia kaua e rehu ki tō mata. Hei karo i te riri o ngā kanohi, pania te rehu ki ō ringaringa, kātahi ka pania ki tō mata.
Kaua e wareware ki ō waewae. He rerekē ngā momo waeroa e pai ana ki te kakara o ngā waewae. He maha ngā waeroa, inā koa ko ngā waeroa Aedes e kawe ana i te huaketo Zika, e pai ana ki te kakara o ngā waewae.
"Ehara i te mea pai te mau i ngā hu," te kī a Rodriguez. He mea nui ngā hu me ngā tōkena, ā, mā te kuhu i ngā tarau ki roto i ngā tōkena, i ngā hu rānei, ka āwhina i te ārai i ngā namu kia kaua e uru ki roto i ō kākahu. I ngā wāhi e nohoia ana e te namu, ka mau ia i ngā tarau roa, kaua rawa i ngā tarau yoga. "He pai te spandex mō ngā namu. Ka ngau rātou i roto. Ka mau ahau i ngā tarau whānui me ngā hāte ringaringa roa, ā, ka pania e au he DEET."
Ka taea e ngā waeroa te ngau i ngā wā katoa o te rā, engari ko te waeroa Aedes aegypti e kawe ana i te huaketo Zika e pai ake ana ki ngā hāora o te ata me te ahiahi, e ai ki tā Strickman. Ki te taea, noho ki roto i te whare me ngā ārai matapihi, me te hauhautanga rānei i ēnei wā.
Nā te mea ka whānau ēnei waeroa i roto i te wai tū i roto i ngā ipu pērā i ngā kohua putiputi, ngā potae tawhito, ngā peere me ngā ipu para, me tango e te tangata ngā wāhi wai tū e karapoti ana i a rātou. "E whakaaetia ana ngā puna kaukau mena kāore e whakarērea," te kī a Ray. Ka taea hoki e ngā matū e whakamahia ana hei hanga i ngā puna kaukau te pei i ngā waeroa. Me aroturuki tata kia kitea ai ngā wāhi whānau katoa e taea ana. "Kua kite ahau i ngā waeroa e whānau ana i roto i te kiriata o te wai e tata ana ki ngā totohu, i raro rānei i te karāhe e whakamahia ana e te tangata hei paraihe i ō rātou niho," te kī a Strickman. Mā te horoi i ngā wāhi wai tū ka taea te whakaiti i te taupori waeroa.
Ka nui ake te hunga e mahi ana i tēnei mahi horoi taketake, ka iti ake ngā waeroa. "Ehara pea i te mea tino tika, engari ka tino heke te taupori waeroa," te kī a Strickman.
I kī a Hansen kei te mahi tana taiwhanga i tētahi hangarau hei whakamate i ngā waeroa tāne mā te whakamahi i te irahiko, kātahi ka tukuna ki te taiao. Ka moe tahi te waeroa tāne me te waeroa uwha, ā, ka whānau ngā hua o te waeroa uwha, engari kāore ngā hua e pao. Ka aro atu te hangarau ki ngā momo motuhake, pērā i te waeroa Aedes aegypti, e hora ana i te Zika, te kirika dengue me ētahi atu mate.
Kei te mahi tētahi rōpū kaipūtaiao o Massachusetts i tētahi rongoā ārai namu ka noho ki te kiri, ā, ka roa mō ngā hāora, mō ngā rā rānei, e ai ki tā Tākuta Abrar Karan, he rata i Brigham and Women's Hospital. Ko ia tētahi o ngā kaihanga o Hour72+, he rongoā ārai e kī ana ia kāore e uru ki te kiri, e tomo rānei ki te toto, engari kāore e whai hua nā te marere noa o te kiri.
I tēnei tau, i toa a Hour72+ i te taonga nui o Dubilier, $75,000, i te whakataetae ā-tau a te Kura Pakihi o Harvard. Kei te whakamahere a Karan ki te whakahaere i ētahi atu whakamātautau o te tauira, kāore anō kia wātea mai hei hokohoko, kia kite ai i te roa o tana mahi whai hua.
Wā tuku: Maehe-17-2025