He mea tika te whakanui ake i te whakaputanga kai hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te taupori o te ao. I tēnei whakaaro, he wāhanga nui ngā patu pepeke o ngā mahi ahuwhenua hou e aro ana ki te whakanui ake i ngā hua o te whenua. Kua whakaatuhia te whakamahinga whānui o ngā patu pepeke hangai i roto i te ahuwhenua ka puta he parahanga nui ki te taiao me ngā raruraru hauora tangata. Ka taea e ngā patu pepeke te kohikohi koiora ki runga i ngā kiriuhi pūtau tangata, ka whakararu i ngā mahi a te tangata mā te pa atu, te kai rānei i ngā kai poke, he tino take nui tēnei o ngā raruraru hauora.
Ko ngā tawhā cytogenetic i whakamahia i roto i tēnei rangahau i whakaatu i tētahi tauira ōrite e tohu ana he pānga paitini ira-ira me te paitini ira-ira o te omethoate ki ngā meristem riki. Ahakoa kāore he taunakitanga mārama mō ngā pānga paitini ira-ira o te omethoate ki te riki i roto i ngā tuhinga o nāianei, he maha ngā rangahau kua rangahau i ngā pānga paitini ira-ira o te omethoate ki ētahi atu rauropi whakamātautau. I whakaatu a Dolara et al. i puta he pikinga ira-ira i roto i te maha o ngā whakawhitinga chromatid tuahine i roto i ngā lymphocytes tangata i roto i te vitro nā te omethoate. Waihoki, i whakaatu a Arteaga-Gómez et al. i whakaitihia e te omethoate te oranga o ngā pūtau i roto i ngā keratinocytes HaCaT me ngā pūtau bronchial tangata NL-20, ā, i aromatawaihia te kino paitini ira-ira mā te whakamahi i te whakamātautau comet. Waihoki, i kite a Wang et al. i te roa o te telomere me te ngoikore o te mate pukupuku i roto i ngā kaimahi i pāngia e te omethoate. Hei tāpiri, hei tautoko i tēnei rangahau, i kite a Ekong et al. i whakaatu i te omethoate (te hāora rite o te omethoate) i whakaheke i te MI i roto i te A. cepa, ā, i puta ai te pakaru o te pūtau, te pupuri i te chromosome, te pakaru o te chromosome, te roa o te karihi, te mimiti o te karihi, te pakeketanga o te chromosome i mua i te wā, te whakarōpū metaphase, te whakakotahitanga karihi, te piri o te anaphase, me ngā rerekētanga o ngā piriti c-metaphase me te anaphase. Ko te whakahekenga o ngā uara MI i muri i te maimoatanga omethoate ka puta pea i te puhoi o te wehenga pūtau, i te korenga rānei o ngā pūtau ki te whakaoti i te huringa mitotic. He rerekē, ko te pikinga o ngā MN me ngā rerekētanga chromosome me te pakaru o te DNA i tohu ko te whakahekenga o ngā uara MI he hononga tika ki te kino o te DNA. I roto i ngā rerekētanga chromosome i kitea i roto i tēnei rangahau, ko ngā chromosome piri te mea tino noa. Ko tēnei rerekētanga motuhake, he tino paitini, he kore e taea te whakakore, ka puta mai i te piri tinana o ngā pūmua chromosome, i te whakararuraru rānei i te pākia o te waikawa karihi i roto i te pūtau. Waihoki, ka puta pea i te whakarewanga o ngā pūmua e kapi ana i te DNA chromosome, ka mutu ka mate te pūtau42. E kī ana ngā chromosome kore utu i te āheinga o te aneuploidy43. Hei tāpiritanga, ka hangaia ngā piriti ira-ira mā te pakaru me te hanumi o ngā ira-ira me ngā ira-ira. Ko te hanganga o ngā kongakonga ka arahi tika ki te hanganga o te MN, he rite ki ngā hua o te whakamātautau kometa i roto i tēnei rangahau. Ko te tohatoha kore taurite o te ira-ira nā te korenga o te wehenga ira-ira i te wāhanga mitotic mutunga, ka arahi ki te hanganga o ngā ira-ira kore utu44. Kāore i te mārama te tikanga tuturu o te paitini o te ira-ira omethoate; heoi, hei patupatu organophosphorus, ka taunekeneke pea ki ngā wāhanga pūtau pēnei i ngā turanga nucleo, ka kino rānei te DNA mā te whakaputa i ngā momo hāora tauhohe (ROS)45. Nō reira, ka taea e ngā patupatu organophosphorus te whakaemi i ngā rauropi kore utu tino tauhohe tae atu ki te O2−, H2O2, me te OH−, ka taea te tauhohe ki ngā turanga DNA i roto i ngā rauropi, ka kino ai te DNA tika, ā-kore rānei. Kua whakaaturia hoki ēnei ROS ka kino ngā whākōkī me ngā hanganga e uru ana ki te tāruarua me te whakatikatika i te DNA. He rerekē, kua whakaarohia ka pāngia ngā patupatu organophosphorus e tētahi tukanga pākia uaua i muri i te horomia e te tangata, ka taunekeneke ki ngā whākōkī maha. E whakaaro ana rātou ko tēnei taunekeneke ka hua ake te whai wāhi mai o ngā momo whākōkī me ngā ira e whakamārama ana i ēnei whākōkī ki ngā pānga paitini o te omethoate40. I kōrero a Ding et al.46 kua piki ake te roa o te telomere o ngā kaimahi i pāngia e te omethoate, he mea e pā ana ki te mahi telomerase me te rerekētanga ira. Heoi, ahakoa kua whakamāramahia te hononga i waenga i ngā whākōkī whakatika DNA omethoate me te rerekētanga ira i roto i te tangata, kāore anō kia whakatauhia tēnei pātai mō ngā tipu.
Ka whakarei ake ngā tikanga parepare pūtau ki ngā momo hāora tauhohe (ROS) ehara i te mea mā ngā tukanga ārai-hauora whākōkī anake, engari mā ngā tukanga ārai-hauora kore-whākōkī anō hoki, ko te proline kore utu he ārai-hauora kore-whākōkī nui i roto i ngā tipu. I kitea ngā taumata proline tae atu ki te 100 ngā wā teitei ake i ngā uara noa i roto i ngā tipu taumaha56. He rite ngā hua o tēnei rangahau ki ngā hua33 i kōrero mō ngā taumata proline teitei i roto i ngā tipu witi i tukinotia ki te omethoate. Waihoki, i kite a Srivastava rāua ko Singh57 i whakanui ake te malathion patupatu organophosphate i ngā taumata proline i roto i te riki (A. cepa) me te whakanui ake i ngā mahi superoxide dismutase (SOD) me te catalase (CAT), ka whakaiti i te pono o te membrane me te kino o te DNA. Ko te Proline he waikawa amino kore-tino e whai wāhi ana ki ngā momo tikanga ā-tinana tae atu ki te hanganga hanganga pūmua, te whakatau i te mahi pūmua, te pupuri i te homeostasis redox pūtau, te tango hāora kotahi me te hydroxyl radical scavenging, te pupuri i te toenga osmotic, me te tohu pūtau57. Hei tāpiri, ka tiakina e te proline ngā whākōkī ārai-hauora, kia mau tonu ai te pono o te hanganga o ngā kiriuhi pūtau58. Ko te pikinga ake o ngā taumata proline i roto i te riki i muri i te pānga ki te omethoate e tohu ana kei te whakamahia e te tinana te proline hei superoxide dismutase (SOD) me te catalase (CAT) hei tiaki i te paitini i puta mai i ngā patu pepeke. Heoi, he rite ki te pūnaha antioxidant enzymatic, kua whakaatuhia kāore te proline i te rawaka hei tiaki i ngā pūtau pito pakiaka riki mai i te kino o ngā patu pepeke.
I whakaatuhia i roto i tētahi arotake tuhinga kāore he rangahau mō te kino o te tinana o ngā pakiaka tipu i puta mai i ngā patu pepeke omethoate. Heoi, he rite tonu ngā hua o ngā rangahau o mua mō ētahi atu patu pepeke ki ngā hua o tēnei rangahau. I kōrero a Çavuşoğlu me ētahi atu i puta ai te kino o te tinana i roto i ngā pakiaka riki nā ngā patu pepeke thiamethoxam whānui-whānui pērā i te mate pukupuku pūtau, te kiko uaua kore mārama, te rerekētanga o te pūtau, te paparanga epidermal kore mārama, me te āhua rerekē o ngā karihi meristem. I tohu a Tütüncü me ētahi atu inenga e toru o ngā patu pepeke methiocarb i puta ai te mate pukupuku, te kino o ngā pūtau epidermal, me te matotoru o te pakitara pūtau cortical i roto i ngā pakiaka riki. I roto i tētahi atu rangahau, i kitea e Kalefetoglu Makar36 ko te whakamahinga o ngā patu pepeke avermectin i ngā inenga o te 0.025 ml/L, 0.050 ml/L me te 0.100 ml/L i puta ai te kiko kawe kore tautuhi, te rerekētanga o ngā pūtau epidermal me te kino papatahi o te karihi i roto i ngā pakiaka riki. Ko te pakiaka te wāhi tomo mō ngā matū kino ki roto i te tipu, ā, koinei hoki te wāhi matua e tino pāngia ana e ngā pānga paitini. E ai ki ngā hua MDA o tā mātou rangahau, ka taea e te ahotea waikura te arahi ki te kino o te kiriuhi pūtau. I tētahi atu taha, he mea nui kia mōhio ko te pūnaha pakiaka te tikanga tiaki tuatahi ki ēnei tūponotanga69. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau ko te kino i kitea ki ngā pūtau meristem pakiaka pea nā te tikanga tiaki o ēnei pūtau e aukati ana i te mimiti o ngā patu pepeke. Ko te pikinga o ngā pūtau epidermal me cortical i kitea i roto i tēnei rangahau he hua pea nō te whakaiti i te mimiti o ngā matū e te tipu. Ka hua pea tēnei pikinga i te pēhanga tinana me te whakarerekētanga o ngā pūtau me ngā karihi. Hei tāpiri,70 kua whakaarohia ka kohia pea e ngā tipu ētahi matū hei whakawhāiti i te urunga o ngā patu pepeke ki roto i ngā pūtau. Ka taea te whakamārama i tēnei āhuatanga hei huringa urutau i roto i ngā pūtau kiko cortical me te vascular, e whakamātotoru ana ngā pūtau i ō rātou pakitara pūtau ki ngā matū pēnei i te cellulose me te suberin hei ārai i te omethoate kei uru ki roto i ngā pakiaka.71 I tua atu, ko te kino karihi papatahi pea he hua nō te pēhanga tinana o ngā pūtau, te ahotea waikura rānei e pā ana ki te kiriuhi karihi, he kino rānei ki ngā rauemi ira i puta mai i te tono omethoate.
He tino whai hua te Omethoate hei patu pepeke e whakamahia whānuitia ana, inā koa i ngā whenua whakawhanake. Heoi, pērā i te maha atu o ngā patu pepeke organophosphate, kei te mau tonu ngā āwangawanga mō tōna pānga ki te taiao me te hauora o te tangata. Ko te whāinga o tēnei rangahau he whakakī i tēnei āputa mōhiohio mā te aromatawai whānui i ngā pānga kino o ngā patu pepeke omethoate ki tētahi tipu e whakamatautauria whānuitia ana, ko A. cepa. I roto i te A. cepa, ko te pānga o te omethoate i hua ake ai te whakaroa o te tipu, ngā pānga paitini ira, te ngaronga o te pono o te DNA, te ahotea waikura, me te kino o ngā pūtau i roto i te meristem pakiaka. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua ngā pānga kino o ngā patu pepeke omethoate ki ngā rauropi kāore i te whainga. E whakaatu ana ngā hua o tēnei rangahau i te hiahia kia nui ake te tūpato ki te whakamahinga o ngā patu pepeke omethoate, kia tika ake te horopeta, kia nui ake te mōhiotanga i waenga i ngā kaimahi pāmu, me ngā ture pakari ake. Hei tāpiri, ka whakaratohia e ēnei hua he tīmatanga whai hua mō te rangahau e tirotiro ana i ngā pānga o ngā patu pepeke omethoate ki ngā momo kāore i te whainga.
I whakahaerehia ngā rangahau whakamātautau me ngā rangahau mara o ngā tipu me ō rātou wāhanga (ngā pihi riki), tae atu ki te kohikohinga o ngā rauemi tipu, i runga anō i ngā tikanga me ngā ture whakahaere, ā-motu me te ao e tika ana.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-04-2025