Tata ki te 7.0% o te whenua katoa o te ao e pāngia ana e te tote1, ko te tikanga he neke atu i te 900 miriona heketea o te whenua o te ao e pāngia ana e te tote me te tote hauwai2, e 20% o te whenua ngaki me te 10% o te whenua whakamakuku. Kei te haurua o te rohe, ā, he nui ake te tote3. Ko te oneone tote he raruraru nui e pā ana ki te ahuwhenua o Pakitāne4,5. O tēnei, tata ki te 6.3 miriona heketea, 14% rānei o te whenua whakamakuku kei te pāngia e te tote6.
Ka taea e te ahotea abiotic te whakarerekēhomoni tipu tipute urupare, ka hua ake te hekenga o te tipu o te hua me te hua whakamutunga7. Ina pāngia ngā tipu e te ahotea tote, ka whakararuraruhia te taurite i waenga i te hanga momo hāora tauhohe (ROS) me te pānga tinei o ngā whākōkī antioxidant, ka hua ake te mamae o ngā tipu i te ahotea oxidative8. Ko ngā tipu he nui ake te kukū o ngā whākōkī antioxidant (e rua ngā mea pumau me ngā mea ka taea te whakaoho) he ātete hauora ki te kino oxidative, pērā i te superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), peroxidase-catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APOX), me te glutathione reductase (GR) ka taea te whakarei ake i te manawanui tote o ngā tipu i raro i te ahotea tote9. Hei tāpiri, kua pūrongohia he mahi whakahaere a ngā phytohormones i roto i te tipu me te whanaketanga o te tipu, te mate pūtau kua whakaritea, me te oranga i raro i ngā āhuatanga taiao hurihuri10. Ko te Triacontanol he waipiro tuatahi kua kukū he wāhanga o te ware pi epidermal o te tipu, ā, he āhuatanga whakatairanga tipu o te tipu11,12 me ngā āhuatanga whakatairanga tipu i ngā kukū iti13. Mā te paninga rau ka taea te whakapai ake i te āhua o te tae whakaahua, te kohikohinga o te matū wairewa, te tipu, me te whakaputanga koiora i roto i ngā tipu14,15. Mā te paninga rau o te triacontanol ka taea te whakarei ake i te manawanui ki te ahotea o ngā tipu16 mā te whakahaere i te mahi a ngā whākōkī antioxidant maha17, te whakanui ake i te ihirangi osmoprotectant o ngā kiko rau tipu11,18,19 me te whakapai ake i te urupare tango o ngā kohuke nui K+ me Ca2+, engari kāore i te Na+.14 Hei tāpiri, ka nui ake ngā huka whakaiti, ngā pūmua wairewa, me ngā waikawa amino ka puta mai i te triacontanol i raro i ngā āhuatanga ahotea20,21,22.
He nui ngā matū koiora me ngā matūkai o ngā huawhenua, ā, he mea nui mō ngā tukanga pākia o te tinana tangata23. E mōrearea ana te whakaputanga huawhenua nā te pikinga o te tote o te oneone, inā koa i ngā whenua ahuwhenua kua whakamakukuhia, e whakaputa ana i te 40.0% o te kai o te ao24. He tairongo ngā huawhenua pēnei i te riki, te kūkamo, te aubergine, te pepa me te tōmato ki te tote25, ā, he huawhenua nui te kūkamo mō te kai a te tangata puta noa i te ao26. He pānga nui te ahotea tote ki te tere tipu o te kūkamo, heoi, ko ngā taumata tote i runga ake i te 25 mM ka hua ake he whakahekenga hua tae atu ki te 13%27,28. Ko ngā pānga kino o te tote ki te kūkamo ka hua ake he hekenga o te tipu me te hua5,29,30. Nō reira, ko te whāinga o tēnei rangahau he aromatawai i te mahi a te triacontanol ki te whakaiti i te ahotea tote i roto i ngā momo kūkamo me te aromatawai i te kaha o te triacontanol ki te whakatairanga i te tipu me te hua o te tipu. He mea nui hoki tēnei mōhiohio mō te whakawhanake i ngā rautaki e tika ana mō ngā oneone tote. Hei tāpiri, i whakatauhia e mātou ngā huringa o te homeostasis katote i roto i ngā momo kūkamo i raro i te ahotea NaCl.
Te pānga o te triacontanol ki ngā kaiwhakahaere osmotic inorganic i roto i ngā rau o ngā momo kūkamo e whā i raro i te ahotea noa me te ahotea tote.
I te wā i whakatōngia ai ngā momo kūkamo i raro i ngā āhuatanga ahotea tote, i tino heke te maha o ngā hua katoa me te taumaha hua toharite (Pikitia 4). I kitea ake ēnei whakahekenga i roto i ngā momo Summer Green me 20252, ko Marketmore me Green Long i pupuri i te maha me te taumaha hua teitei rawa atu i muri i te wero tote. Nā te paninga rau o te triacontanol i whakaiti i ngā pānga kino o te ahotea tote, ā, i piki ake te maha me te taumaha hua i roto i ngā momo katoa i arotakehia. Heoi, ko Marketmore i tukinotia ki te triacontanol i whakaputa i te maha hua teitei rawa atu me te taumaha toharite teitei ake i raro i ngā āhuatanga ahotea me te whakahaeretia i whakaritea ki ngā tipu kāore i tukinotia. Ko Summer Green me 20252 te nui o te ihirangi totoka wairewa i roto i ngā hua kūkamo, ā, he iti ake te mahi i whakaritea ki ngā momo Marketmore me Green Long, i whai i te kukū totoka wairewa iti rawa.
Te pānga o te triacontanol ki te hua o ngā momo kūkamo e whā i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa me te ahotea tote.
Ko te kukū tino pai o te triacontanol he 0.8 mg/l, ā, i taea ai te whakaiti i ngā pānga whakamate o ngā momoira i rangahauhia i raro i ngā āhuatanga ahotea tote me ngā āhuatanga kore-ahotea. Heoi, i kitea ake te pānga o te triacontanol ki a Green-Long me Marketmore. I te whakaaro ki te kaha o ēnei momoira ki te manawanui ki te tote me te whai huatanga o te triacontanol ki te whakaiti i ngā pānga o te ahotea tote, ka taea te taunaki kia whakatipuhia ēnei momoira ki runga i ngā oneone tote me te rehu rau ki te triacontanol.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 27-2024