He aha te āhua me te tūmanakohanga o te hokohoko ahuwhenua i waenga i a Haina me ngā whenua o te LAC?

I. He tirohanga whānui mō te hokohoko ahuwhenua i waenga i a Haina me ngā whenua LAC mai i tana whakaurunga ki te WTO

Mai i te tau 2001 ki te tau 2023, ko te tapeke o ngā hua ahuwhenua i waenga i a Haina me ngā whenua o LAC i whakaatu i te tipu haere tonu, mai i te 2.58 piriona tāra US ki te 81.03 piriona tāra US, me te tere tipu ā-tau toharite o te 17.0%. I roto i ēnei, i piki ake te uara o ngā kawemai mai i te 2.40 piriona tāra US ki te 77.63 piriona tāra US, he pikinga 31 ngā wā; i piki ake ngā kaweake 19-ngā wā mai i te $170 miriona ki te $3.40 piriona. Kei roto tō tātou whenua i te tūnga hapa i roto i te hokohoko hua ahuwhenua me ngā whenua o Amerika Latina, ā, kei te piki haere tonu te hapa. Nā te mākete nui o te kai hua ahuwhenua i roto i tō tātou whenua kua whakaratohia he whai wāhitanga nui mō te whanaketanga o te ahuwhenua i Amerika Latina. I ngā tau tata nei, kua piki haere te maha o ngā hua ahuwhenua kounga teitei mai i Amerika Latina, pērā i te cherry Chilean me te kōura mā Ecuadorian, kua uru mai ki roto i tō tātou mākete.

I te nuinga o te wā, kua piki haere te wāhi o ngā whenua o Amerika Latina ki te hokohoko ahuwhenua o Haina, engari kāore i te taurite te tohatoha o ngā kawemai me ngā kaweake. Mai i te tau 2001 ki te 2023, kua piki te ōwehenga o te hokohoko ahuwhenua o Haina-Amerika Latina i roto i te hokohoko ahuwhenua katoa o Haina mai i te 9.3% ki te 24.3%. I roto i ēnei, ko ngā kawemai ahuwhenua a Haina mai i ngā whenua o Amerika Latina te ōwehenga o ngā kawemai katoa mai i te 20.3% ki te 33.2%, ko ngā kaweake ahuwhenua a Haina ki ngā whenua o Amerika Latina te ōwehenga o ngā kaweake katoa mai i te 1.1% ki te 3.4%.

2. Ngā āhuatanga o te hokohoko ahuwhenua i waenganui i a Haina me ngā whenua LAC

(1) Ngā hoa hokohoko e tino whāiti ana

I te tau 2001, ko Argentina, ko Brazil me Peru ngā puna matua e toru o ngā kawemai hua ahuwhenua mai i Amerika Latina, me te uara kawemai katoa o te 2.13 piriona tāra US, e 88.8% o te tapeke o ngā kawemai hua ahuwhenua mai i Amerika Latina i taua tau. Nā te hohonu haere o te mahi tahi hokohoko ahuwhenua me ngā whenua o Amerika Latina, i ngā tau tata nei, kua hipa a Chile i a Peru hei tuatoru o ngā puna kawemai ahuwhenua nui rawa atu i Amerika Latina, ā, kua hipa a Brazil i a Argentina hei tuatahi o ngā puna kawemai ahuwhenua nui rawa atu. I te tau 2023, ko te tapeke o ngā kawemai hua ahuwhenua a Haina mai i Brazil, Argentina me Chile ko te 58.93 piriona tāra US, e 88.8% o te tapeke o ngā kawemai hua ahuwhenua mai i ngā whenua o Amerika Latina i taua tau. I roto i ēnei, i kawemai a Haina i te 58.58 piriona tāra US o ngā hua ahuwhenua mai i Brazil, e 75.1% o te tapeke o ngā kawemai hua ahuwhenua mai i ngā whenua o Amerika Latina, e 25.0% o te tapeke o ngā kawemai hua ahuwhenua ki Haina. Ehara i te mea ko Brazil anake te puna nui rawa atu o ngā kawemai ahuwhenua i Amerika Latina, engari ko ia hoki te puna nui rawa atu o ngā kawemai ahuwhenua i te ao.

I te tau 2001, ko Kūpā, ko Mehiko me Parahi ngā mākete kaweake ahuwhenua matua e toru o Haina ki ngā whenua o Amerika Latina, me te uara kaweake katoa o te 110 miriona tāra US, e 64.4% o ngā kaweake ahuwhenua katoa a Haina ki ngā whenua o Amerika Latina i taua tau. I te tau 2023, ko Mehiko, ko Hiri me Parahi ngā mākete kaweake ahuwhenua matua e toru o Haina ki ngā whenua o Amerika Latina, me te uara kaweake katoa o te 2.15 piriona tāra US, e 63.2% o ngā kaweake ahuwhenua katoa o taua tau.

(3) Ko ngā kākano hinu me ngā hua kararehe te nuinga o ngā kawemai, ā, kua tino piki ake ngā kawemai witi i ngā tau tata nei.

Ko Haina te whenua kawemai nui rawa atu o te ao mō ngā hua ahuwhenua, ā, he nui te hiahia mō ngā hua ahuwhenua pēnei i te pīni soya, te mīti kau me ngā hua mai i ngā whenua o Amerika Latina. Mai i te urunga o Haina ki te WTO, ko te kawemai o ngā hua ahuwhenua mai i ngā whenua o Amerika Latina he purapura hinu me ngā hua kararehe, ā, kua tino piki ake te kawemai o ngā witi i ngā tau tata nei.

I te tau 2023, i kawemai a Haina i te 42.29 piriona tāra US o ngā purapura hinu mai i ngā whenua o Amerika Latina, he pikinga 3.3%, ko te 57.1% o te tapeke o ngā kawemai hua ahuwhenua mai i ngā whenua o Amerika Latina. Ko ngā kawemai o ngā hua kararehe, ngā hua wai me ngā witi he 13.67 piriona tāra US, 7.15 piriona tāra US me te 5.13 piriona tāra US. I roto i ēnei, ko te kawemai o ngā hua kānga he 4.05 piriona tāra US, he pikinga 137,671 ngā wā, ko te take nui ko te kānga Brazil i kaweake ki Haina kia uru atu ki te tirotiro me te karantini. Ko te nui o ngā kawemai kānga Brazil kua huri i te tauira o ngā kawemai kānga i whakahaerehia e Ukraine me te United States i mua.

(4) Kaweake i ngā hua wai me ngā huawhenua te nuinga

Mai i te urunga atu o Haina ki te WTO, ko ngā hua wai me ngā huawhenua te nuinga o ngā kaweake o ngā hua ahuwhenua ki ngā whenua LAC, ā, i ngā tau tata nei, kua piki haere tonu te kaweake o ngā hua witi me ngā hua rākau. I te tau 2023, ko ngā kaweake a Haina o ngā hua wai me ngā huawhenua ki ngā whenua o Amerika Latina he $1.19 piriona me te $6.0 piriona, ko te 35.0% me te 17.6% o te tapeke o ngā kaweake o ngā hua ahuwhenua ki ngā whenua o Amerika Latina.