He maha ngā kaimahi pāmu kua pāngia e te paitini tipu i te whakamahinga o te mancozeb nā te korenga o te whiriwhiri i te hua, te wā tika rānei, te horopeta, me te auau o te whakamahinga. Ko ngā take ngawari ka hua ake he kino o ngā rau, he ngoikore te photosynthesis, me te korenga o te tipu o te hua. I ngā take kino, ka puta ngā ira rongoā (ngā ira parauri, ngā ira kōwhai, ngā ira kupenga, me ētahi atu) ki te mata o te hua me te mata o te rau, ā, ka puta ake he ira hua nui rawa atu, he mata hua taratara, he waikura hua, ka tino pā ki te uara arumoni o te hua, ka nui ngā mate mō ngā kaimahi pāmu. I roto i te whakarāpopototanga, kua kitea ko ngā take matua mō te paitini tipu ko ēnei e whai ake nei:
1. Ka nui te pānga o ngā paitini ki ngā tipu nā te kore e whai tohu o ngā hua mancozeb.
Me waiho te mancozeb whai tohu hei matatini manganese-konutea owaikawa mancozebi hangaia mā te tukanga whakapūmau wera. Kei te mākete ētahi pakihi iti me ngā kaihanga rūpahu kāore e taea te kī he mancozeb ā rātou hua. Nā ngā herenga o ngā taputapu whakaputa me te hangarau, he iti noa te wāhanga o ngā hua o ēnei pakihi iti ka taea te whakapūmau hei mancozeb, ā, ko te nuinga he ranunga o te mancozeb me te tote konutea. He mangu te tae o ēnei hua, he nui te poke, ā, he ngāwari ki te pirau ina pāngia e te makuku me te wera. Mā te whakamahi i ēnei hua ka tino pāngia ngā tipu. Hei tauira, mā te whakamahi i te mancozeb ngoikore i te wā e taitamariki ana te aporo ka pā ki te ware pi ki te mata o te hua, ka kino te kiri o te hua, ka puta he ira porowhita e pāngia ana ngā tipu, ka whānui haere i te whanaketanga o te hua.
2. Ka pāngia te haumaru o te whakamahinga o te mancozeb e te whakaranu matapo o ngā patupatu.
I te whakaranu i ngā patupatu, me whai whakaaro ki ngā āhuatanga maha pēnei i ngā kai hohe, ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū, ngā pānga whakahaere, me ngā pepeke whainga. Ehara i te mea ka whakaiti noa i te whai huatanga o te whakaranu matapo engari ka whakanui ake hoki i te mōrearea o te paitini tipu. Hei tauira, ko te mahi noa o te whakaranu i te mancozeb me ngā patupatu kawakore, ngā matū whakarewa taumaha rānei kei roto he parahi ka whakaiti i te whai huatanga o te mancozeb. Mā te whakaranu i te mancozeb me ngā hua phosphate ka arahi pea ki te hanganga o ngā matūriki me te tukunga o te hau hauwai whanariki.
3. Mā te whiriwhiri hē i te wā rehu me te whakarerekētanga ohorere o te kukū rehu ka nui ake te mōrearea o te paitini ki ngā tipu.
I te whakamahinga tūturu, he maha ngā kaimahi pāmu e pai ana ki te whakaiti i te ōwehenga waimeha ki te kukū kua tohua i roto i ngā tohutohu, ki te whakamahi rānei i te kukū teitei ake i te mea kua tūtohutia hei whakarei ake i te whai huatanga. Ka piki ake te mōrearea o te paitini ki ngā tipu. I taua wā anō, ka whakaranua e ngā kaimahi pāmu ngā patupatu maha mō ngā pānga tahi, ka aro noa ki ngā ingoa hokohoko rerekē engari ka warewarehia ngā kai hohe me ō rātou ihirangi. I te wā e whakaranua ana, ka kohia te horopeta o te kai hohe kotahi, ā, ka piki ake te kukū o te patupatu ā-korekore, ka nui ake i te kukū haumaru, ka puta he paitini ki ngā tipu. Mā te whakamahi i ngā patupatu i raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana teitei ka piki ake te mahi a te patupatu. Mā te rehu i ngā patupatu kukū teitei ka piki ake te mōrearea o te paitini ki ngā tipu.
4. Ka pā te kounga o te hua ki te haumaru o te mancozeb.
Ko te pai, te tere whakatārewatanga, te āhua mākū, me te piri o ngā matūriki mancozeb ka pā ki te whai huatanga me te haumaru o te hua. He ngoikore ngā tohu hangarau o ētahi hua mancozeb a ētahi umanga pēnei i te pai, te tere whakatārewatanga, me te āhua mākū nā runga i ngā herenga o te tukanga whakaputa. I te wā e whakamahia ana, he mea noa te āhuatanga o te paparanga o ngā pesticides me te whakatōpuku e ārai ana i te ihu. Ko te whakatōpuku o te pesticides i te wā e rehu ana ka puta he kukū koretake i te wā e rehu ana, ka hua ake he koretake te whai huatanga i ngā kukū iti me te paitini tipu i ngā kukū teitei. Ko te piri kore o te pesticides, me te nui o te wai e whakamahia ana mō te rehu, ka kore e horapa pai te pesticides ki te mata rau, ka hua ake he kohikohinga o te otinga pesticides ki ngā pito o te rau me te mata hua, ka hua ake he kukū teitei ā-rohe me ngā ira paitini tipu.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 22-2025