Ka tae mai ngā waeroa i ia tau, me pēhea te karo i a rātou? Kia kore ai e tukinotia e ēnei vampire, kua whakawhanake tonu te tangata i ngā momo patu whawhai. Mai i ngā kupenga waeroa ārai kore mahi me ngā ārai matapihi, ki ngā patu pepeke matatau, ngā ārai waeroa, me te wai wharepaku koretake, ki ngā poroporo ārai waeroa rongonui o te Ipurangi i ngā tau tata nei, ko wai ka tino haumaru, ka tino whai hua hoki i roto i ia rōpū?
01
Ngā piretiro–he patu mō te patu kaha
E rua ngā momo o te whakaaro mō te whawhai ki ngā waeroa: te patu kaha me te parepare kore mahi. I roto i ēnei, ehara i te mea he roa noa te hītori o te rōpū patu kaha, engari he pānga ā-roto anō hoki. I roto i ngā peia waeroa o te whare e tohuhia ana e ngā koiri waeroa, ngā peia waeroa hiko, te wai koiri waeroa hiko, ngā patu pepeke aerosol, me ētahi atu, ko te matū matua ko te pyrethroid. He patu pepeke whānui-ahurea ka taea te whakahaere i ngā momo pepeke, ā, he kaha te pānga pa. Ko tana tikanga mahi he whakararuraru i ngā io o ngā pepeke, ka mate ai rātou i te oho, te māuiui, me te pararutiki. I te whakamahi i ngā patu waeroa, kia pai ake ai te patu i ngā waeroa, ka ngana mātou ki te pupuri i te taiao o roto kia kati, kia mau tonu ai te ihirangi o ngā pyrethroid ki te taumata pumau.
Ko te painga nui o ngā piretiroi ko tōna tino whai huatanga, me iti noa te kukū hei patu i ngā waeroa. Ahakoa ka taea te whakapūtā me te tuku i ngā piretiroi i muri i te manawa ki te tinana tangata, he paitini paku tonu, ā, ka pā ki te pūnaha io o te tangata. Mēnā ka roa te whakamahinga, ka puta pea ngā tohu pēnei i te whanoke, te ānini, te koretake o ngā io, tae noa ki te pararutiki o ngā io. Nō reira, he pai ake kia kaua e whakatakotoria he ārai waeroa ki te pane o te moenga i te wā e moe ana, kia kore ai e pāngia e te hau e mau ana te nui rawa o ngā piretiroi.
Hei tāpiritanga, he maha ngā matū kakara kino kei roto i ngā patu pepeke momo-āerosol, ā, me karohia e te hunga mate pāwera ēnei matū ina whakamahi ana i ngā patu pepeke momo-āerosol. Hei tauira, puta atu i te rūma ka kati tonu i ngā tatau me ngā matapihi i muri i te rehu i te nui e tika ana, kātahi ka hoki mai ki te whakatuwhera i ngā matapihi kia puta ai te hau i muri i ētahi haora, ka taea ai te whakarite i te hua me te haumaru o te patu i ngā waeroa i te wā kotahi.
I tēnei wā, ko ngā piretiro e whakamahia whānuitia ana i te mākete ko te tetrafluthrin me te chlorofluthrin. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau he pai ake te pānga patu a te cyfluthrin ki ngā waeroa i te tetrafluthrin, engari he pai ake te tetrafluthrin i te cyfluthrin i runga i te haumaru. Nō reira, i te hoko i ngā hua ārai waeroa, ka taea e koe te whiriwhiri i ngā mea motuhake e ai ki te tangata e whakamahi ana. Mena kāore he tamariki i te kāinga, he pai ake te whiriwhiri i ngā hua kei roto te fenfluthrin; mena he tamariki kei roto i te whānau, he haumaru ake te whiriwhiri i ngā hua kei roto te fenfluthrin.
02
He rehu ārai namu me te ārai wai – kia noho haumaru mā te tinihanga i te kakara o ngā namu
I muri i te kōrero mō ngā patu kaha, me kōrero tātou mō te parepare kore mahi. He rite tēnei momo ki ngā "pere koura me ngā hāte rino" i roto i ngā pukapuka a Jin Yong. Engari ko te tū atu ki ngā waeroa, ka puritia e rātou ēnei "vampire" kia matara atu i a tātou, ā, ka wehea atu rātou i te haumaru i ētahi huarahi.
Ko te rehu ārai namu me te wai ārai namu ngā mea matua. Ko tā rātou kaupapa ārai namu he ārai i te haunga o ngā namu mā te rehu ki te kiri me ngā kākahu, mā te whakamahi i te haunga e kinongia ana e ngā namu, mā te hanga rānei i tētahi paparanga tiaki huri noa i te kiri. Kāore e hongi i te haunga motuhake e tukuna ana e te tinana tangata, ā, ka mahi i te mahi wehe i ngā namu.
He tokomaha te hunga e whakaaro ana ko te wai wharepaku, he mea hoki hei "peia ngā namu", he mea hanga mai i te hinu wharepaku hei kakara matua, ā, he waipiro hoki kei roto. Ko ā rātou mahi matua he horoi i ngā poke, he whakamate, he ārai i te werawera me te mākūkū. Ahakoa he pānga ārai namu anō hoki, ki te whakatauritea ki te rehu ārai namu me te wai ārai namu, he rerekē rawa te kaupapa mahi me ngā wāhanga matua, ā, kāore e taea te whakamahi hei whakakapi i a rāua.
03
Poroporo Ārai Namu me te Whakapiripiri Ārai Namu – Ka whai hua, ka kore rānei, kei ngā kai matua
I ngā tau tata nei, kua piki haere te maha o ngā momo hua ārai namu kei te mākete. He maha ngā hua ārai namu ka taea te mau pērā i ngā whakapiripiri ārai namu, ngā whitiki ārai namu, ngā mātaaratanga ārai namu, ngā poroporo ringa ārai namu, ngā tautau ārai namu, me ētahi atu. Me pā tika ki te kiri, he mea e paingia ana e te tini o te tangata, inā koa ngā mātua o ngā tamariki. Ko ēnei hua ka mauhia ki te tinana tangata, ā, ka hanga he paparanga tiaki huri noa i te tinana tangata mā te haunga o te rongoā, ka whakararuraru i te kakara o ngā namu, ā, ka whai wāhi ki te pei i ngā namu.
I te hoko i tēnei momo hua ārai namu, me tirotiro anō hoki te nama tiwhikete rēhitatanga patu namu, me tirotiro anō hoki mēnā he tino whai hua ngā kai kei roto, ā, me whiriwhiri hoki i ngā hua e tika ana ngā kai me ngā kukū e rite ana ki ngā āhuatanga whakamahinga me ngā kaupapa whakamahi.
I tēnei wā, e whā ngā kai ārai namu haumaru, whai hua hoki kua rēhitatia e te US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) me te tūtohutia e te US Centers for Disease Control (CDC): DEET, Picaridin, DEET (IR3535) / Imonin), Lemon Eucalyptus Oil (OLE) me tōna tangohanga Lemon Eucalyptol (PMD). I roto i ēnei, ko ngā mea tuatahi e toru nō ngā matū matū, ā, ko ngā mea whakamutunga nō ngā wāhanga tipu. Mai i te tirohanga o te pānga, he pai te pānga ārai namu a te DEET, ā, he roa te wā e mau ana, ā, whai muri ko te picaridin me te DEET, me te hinu ārai namu rēmana eucalyptus. He poto te wā e mau ai ngā namu.
Mō te haumaru, nā te meaDEETKi te mea he whakapataritari ki te kiri, ka tūtohu mātou kia whakamahia e ngā tamariki ngā hua ārai namu he iti iho i te 10% te nui o te DEET. Mō ngā pēpi kei raro iho i te 6 marama te pakeke, kaua e whakamahi i ngā hua ārai namu kei roto te DEET. Kāore he paitini me ngā pānga taha o te ārai namu ki te kiri, ā, e kore e uru ki roto i te kiri. E mōhiotia ana i tēnei wā he hua ārai namu haumaru, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i ia rā. He mea tango mai i ngā pūtake taiao, he haumaru te hinu rēmana eucalyptus, ā, kāore e whakapataritari ki te kiri, engari ko ngā hauwaiwai terpenoid kei roto ka pāngia pea e ngā mate pāwera. Nō reira, i roto i te maha o ngā whenua o Ūropi me Amerika, kāore i te tūtohutia mō ngā tamariki kei raro iho i te toru tau te pakeke.
Wā tuku: Akuhata-05-2022