1. He whānuitia ngā Brassinosteroids i roto i te ao tipu
I roto i te whanaketanga, ka āta hangaia e ngā tipu he whatunga whakahaere homoni taketake hei urupare ki ngā ahotea taiao. I roto i ēnei, ko ngā brassinoid he momo phytosterol e whai mahi ana ki te whakatairanga i te roa o te pūtau. He mea noa ēnei i roto i te ao tipu katoa mai i ngā tipu iti ki ngā tipu teitei, ā, kua kitea he maha ngā momo brassinoid kua rite.
2. Ko ngā brassinoid tūturu te "kī" pai rawa atu hei whakatuwhera i te ara brassinoid taketake.
Ko ngā brassinoid tūturu kei roto i ngā putiputi me ngā purapura, e whakahaere ana i te whanaketanga uri, te pakari o te purapura, e whakatairanga ana i te roa o te kakau me te āhua o te pakiaka, ā, he mahi pai hoki tā rātou ki te ātete i ngā tipu ki te ahotea [3, 5]. Ko ngā brassinoid tuatahi i kitea tōna hanganga ko te brassinolide BL (Pikitia 1-1). Heoi, he tino iti tōna ihirangi tūturu, ā, kāore e taea te tango ahumahi. Nā tēnei i hua ake ai he maha ngā huarahi kē atu. Ka kitea e ngā tipu te rongo me te urupare o ngā homoni mā te kaupapa "raka me te kī", ā, ko ngā brassinoid tūturu te "kī" pai rawa atu hei whakatuwhera i te kuaha ki te urupare brassinoid. He kaha te hononga ki ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi, ā, he nui ake te whai huatanga i ngā momo brassinolides hanga. Ka taea te tere te rongo me te mimiti i ngā brassinoid tūturu mā te tono ā-waho o ngā brassinoid tūturu, ka whai hua ki te tāpiri i te korenga o te hanganga o ngā brassinoid taketake i puta mai i ngā āhuatanga rerekē, ka taea ai e ngā pūtau te urupare tere, me te kaha nui, te kore whakakorenga, me te haumaru teitei.
Ko te 14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid (Pikitia 2), hei tauira hou o te brassinosteroid i roto i te hae rapeseed, ka taea te tango me te whakapai ake i roto i ngā puranga ma te whakamahi i ngā whakarewa e pai ana ki te taiao. Koinei te brassinosteroid tūturu tuatahi ki te whakatutuki i te ahumahi o te tango matomato. . Kua whakarōpūtia te 14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid hei paitini paku, hei paitini iti rānei i roto i te whakarōpūtanga paitini pesticides Hainamana. He paitini iti te whakatauranga paitini taiao, ā, he ngāwari te pirau, ā, he iti te aromatawai mōrearea hauora taiao (RQ<1). He kino ki te tangata me te tangata. Mō te haumaru taiao me te koiora, koinei anake te hua tāpiringa tipu i roto i te whenua kua whiwhi i te "tiwhikete rauemi whakaputa kai matomato" ā-motu me te tiwhikete whakauru waro o te United States.
3. Mā te mahi tono ka taea e ngā brassinoid tūturu te whakatairanga i te hua nui me te whakapiki i te moni whiwhi
(1) Whakatairanga i te whakaputa uri o ngā puku putiputi, me te tiaki i ngā putiputi me ngā hua
He hononga tata te hua me te kounga o ngā rākau hua ki te whanaketanga o ngā okana putiputi. Mā te rehu i ngā brassinoid tūturu i te wā o te whakaputanga o te puku putiputi me te wā o te hua taitamariki, mā te tāpiri rānei i tētahi nui o ngā brassinoid tūturu i te wā o te whakapūpūtanga horihori ka taea te whakanui ake i te nui me te kounga o ngā pua o te rākau hua, me te whakaiti i ngā putiputi kua hē. Ka taea te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakapūpūtanga, te whakanui ake i te tere o te whakatakoto hua, me te whakaiti i te hinganga o te putiputi me te hua, ā, kua whakamahia whānuitia i roto i te whakato me te whakaputa i te nuinga o ngā rākau hua pēnei i te kiwi, te citrus, te aporo, me te jujube.
He waina tipua noa te hua kiwi. I roto i te mahi whakaputa, me whakamahi te whakapūpū horihori hei whakanui ake i te whakapūpū me te tere o te whakatakoto hua. Ina neke atu i te 2/3 o te rākau katoa kua puāwai, whakamahia te paura brassinoids tūturu i konatunatua ki te hae i te ōwehenga o te 1/50 mō te whakapūpū horihori, te wai brassinoids tūturu rānei i whakaranua ki te 2500 ngā wā mō te whakapūpū rehu, ka taea te whakanui ake i te tere whakatakoto hua o te hua kiwi, ā, ka whakatairanga i te ihirangi o te huaora C me ngā huānga iti i roto i te hua ka whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga rokiroki me te kawe me te uara kai o te hua kiwi. (Pikitia 3-4)[6]. I te wā o te hua taitamariki o te hua kiwi, ka taea te rehu anō i te matū matū o ngā brassinoids tūturu, te gibberellin, me te auxin, ka taea te whakatairanga i te tere o te tipu me te hora o ngā hua taitamariki, ka hua ake he āhua kikokore o te hua me te pikinga 20%-30% o te taumaha hua kotahi.
He mea nui te maturuturunga iho o ngā hua ā-tinana o te karaka, ā, ko te tere o te whakatakoto hua he 2%-3% noa iho. Hei whakapai ake i te kounga o te pua me te whakanui ake i te tere whakatakoto hua, ka whakamahia te maturuturunga iho o ngā hua ā-tinana i mua i te pua, kua memeha te 2/3 o ngā pua, ā, 5 ki te 7 ngā rā i mua i te maturuturunga iho o te hua ā-tinana tuarua. Mā te rehu i ngā brassinoids me te waikawa gibberellic ka taea te whakanui ake i te tere whakatakoto hua o te karaka mā te 20% (Guangxi Sugar Orange). Ka huri kakariki ngā hua taitamariki me ngā kakau hua i ngā rā e toru i mua, ā, he iti te tere o te whakapēhanga o ngā hua.
(2) Hurihia te tae, whakanuia te huka, me te whakapai ake i te kounga o ngā hua
Ko te reka o te hua i te tamarikitanga e tohu ana i te ōwehenga huka-waikawa teitei i te wā pakeke me te momona o ngā huaora me ngā huānga iti. I ngā wāhanga tōmua o te huringa tae o te hua, mā te whakamahi tonu i ngā brassinoid tūturu me te tongi rau nui-pāhare pākawa e rehuhia ana kia 2-3 ngā wā puta noa i te rākau ka taea te whakatere i te mimiti me te whakawhiti o ngā matūkai, te whakarei ake i te whakaahua, te whakatairanga i te kohikohi huka, me te whakatairanga i ngā waikawa waro pēnei i te waikawa citric me te waikawa malic. Ka hurihia te pirau-āhua hei huaora, flavonoids me ētahi atu matūkai, ka whakanui ake i te ōwehenga huka-waikawa me te kohikohi i ngā matū kakara. He pānga anō hoki ki te whakatairanga i te kiri ngawari me te whakatika i te āhua o te hua.
(3) Te whakamākūkū me te whakapaipai i ngā purapura o ngā hua whenua hei whakapakari i te ātete me te whakatairanga i te pikinga o te hua me te whiwhinga moni.
He hononga tata te kounga me te hua o ngā hua kai ki ngā āhuatanga taiao. He pānga nui tō ngā brassinoid tūturu ki te ātete i ngā ahotea pēnei i te pāmahana teitei, te tauraki, te kino o te hukapapa, me te tote i te wā tipu katoa o ngā hua kai. Tuatahi, mā te whakakakahu purapura, te paninga me ētahi atu maimoatanga i mua i te rui ka taea te whakapai ake i te ōritetanga o te putanga mai o ngā hua me te whakapakari i ngā tipu (Pikitia 9). Tuarua, mā te rehu i ngā brassinoid tūturu 1-2 ngā wā i ngā wā whanaketanga hua nui pēnei i te pakaru, te pua, me te whakakī witi ka taea te ātete i ngā ahotea uaua me te whakanui ake i ngā hua o ngā hua kai. Kua whakatairangahia ngā brassinoid tūturu puta noa i te motu hei whakahaere i te tipu witi me te whakanui ake i ngā hua, e uru ana ki ngā wāhi whakamātautau 11 i ngā rohe whakaputa witi nui pēnei i a Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, me Jiangsu, me te pikinga hua toharite o te 13.28%, ā, ko te pikinga hua o Shanxi i eke ki te 22.36%.
(4) Whakarei ake i te mimiti matūkai me te whakatairanga i te whakaputanga huawhenua
Whakamahia te 0.0075% wairewa brassinosteroid tūturu kua whakaranua kia 2500 ngā wā, ka rehuhia ki ngā rau o runga o ngā huawhenua kia 1-2 ngā wā hei whakarei ake i te whai huatanga o te mimiti me te whakamahi i ngā matūkai mai i ngā hua, hei whakarei ake i te whakaahua, hei whakatairanga hoki i te whakaputanga huawhenua. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua whakamātautau o roto, i roto i ngā rā e 6 i muri i te rehu rau, ka piki ake te horahanga rau o te pakchoi i roto i te rōpū maimoatanga brassinosteroid tūturu mā te 20% ki te whakataurite ki te rōpū whakahaere wai mārama.
(5) He whai hua ki te ārai i te makariri me te hukapapa
Ko te "makariri o te mutunga o te kōanga" he ahotea kino noa i te kōanga, e pā tika ana ki ngā hua o te hua. Rehuhia te 8-15ml o ngā brassinoid tūturu me te whāngai rau hou mō te pāhare pākawa waro/waikawa amino 2-4 rā i mua, 3 rā i muri, me te 10-15 rā i muri i te kino o te makariri, te kino rānei o te hukapapa hei whakapakari i te ātete o ngā hua ki te kino o te makariri, ki te kino rānei o te hukapapa. Ka tere te tipu o ngā hua tio. Ka kino te makariri o te mutunga o te kōanga neke atu i te 60% o ngā kakau cherry. Mā te maimoatanga o ngā brassinoid tūturu me te tongi rau pāhare pākawa waro teitei ka taea te whakaiti i te tere kino mā te 40% me te whakarite i te whakaputanga tika o te purapura.
I raro i ngā āhuatanga hukapapa, ka pakaru te pūnaha whakaahua o ngā hua, ā, kāore e taea te whakaoti i te whakaahua i te āhua noa, ka pā kino ki te tipu o ngā hua. E 2-3 ngā rā i mua i te pānga o te ahotea hukapapa ki ngā tipu tōmato, rehuhia te tipu katoa ki te whakaranu 2000-ngā wā o te brassinosterol tūturu me te waikawa amino hei whakahohe i ngā mahi peroxidase (POD) me te catalase (CAT). Tangohia ngā rauropi kore-hāora i roto i ngā tōmato hei tiaki i te pūnaha whakaahua o ngā tipu tōmato i raro i te ahotea hukapapa, ā, hei whakatairanga i te tere o te whakaoranga i muri i te ahotea.
(6) Te tango i ngā tarutaru whakaranu, te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga me te haumaru ake
Ka taea e ngā brassinoid tūturu te whakaoho tere i te taumata pākia o ngā tipu. I tētahi taha, ina whakamahia ngātahi me ngā patu taru, ka taea te whakatairanga i te mimiti me te kawe i ngā rongoā e ngā taru, ā, ka whakarei ake i te pānga o te patu taru; i tētahi atu taha, ina kitea he kino ngā patu taru, me whakamahi anō ngā brassinoid tūturu i te wā tika. Ka taea e te homoni te whakahohe i te tikanga tango paitini o ngā hua, te whakatere i te pākia o ngā patu taru i roto i te tinana, me te whakatairanga i te whakaora o ngā hua.
Te wā tuku: 19-Pepuere-2024