I roto i te ariā, kāore he mea hei aukati i te whakamahinga arumoni kua whakaritea mō te RL.harore. Heoi anō, e tutuki ana i ngā ture katoa. Engari kotahi te take nui e kore ai tēnei e whakaata i ngā mahi pakihi: te utu.
Hei tauira, ko te kaupapa patu harore i roto i te whakamātautau witi hotoke RL, ko te utu toharite he £260 mō ia heketea. Hei whakataurite, ko te utu toharite o tētahi kaupapa patu harore mō te witi i roto i te Aratohu Whakahaere Pāmu a John Nix he iti iho i te haurua o tērā (£116 mō ia heketea i te tau 2024).
E mārama ana ko ngā hua whakamātautau mai i ngā maimoatanga harore RL he teitei ake i ngā hua arumoni noa. Hei tauira, ko te hua whakahaere toharite (2020-2024) o te witi hotoke i rongoatia ki te harore i roto i ngā whakamātautau RL he 10.8t/ha, he nui ake tēnei i te hua witi arumoni toharite mō ngā tau e rima o te 7.3t/ha (i runga i ngā raraunga hou a Defra).
RL: He maha ngā take mō te nui o ngā hua o ngā hua i rongoatia ki te harore patu, ā, ko ngā kaupapa patu harore tētahi o aua take. Hei tauira:
He ngāwari te aro nui ki te hua, engari koinei te huarahi pai ki te ine i te angitu? He pono, ko ngā urupare hou mō te rangahau RL e whakaatu ana kei te piki haere te āwangawanga o ngā kaimahi pāmu ki ētahi atu inenga, inā koa ko te hua o ngā hua whenua.
I ētahi wā kua pahure ake nei (2019-2021), i whai te AHDB/ADAS Wheat Fungicide Profit Challenge ki te whakatutuki i tēnei whāinga. Hei whakatutuki i te hua pai rawa atu i ia wāhi whakamātautau ā-rohe, i whakawhanakehia e ngā kaimahi pāmu whai wāhi ngā kaupapa patu harore mō tētahi momo (e tika ana mō te rohe) ā, i whakarerekētia i roto i te wā katoa i runga i te horapa o ngā mate ā-rohe. I whakaritea ngā whakaurunga katoa.
He pai ēnei tikanga mō ngā rangahau matapōkere katoa, e ahu mai ana i te kauwhata (e toru ngā tāruarua). He rite tonu ngā wā rehu katoa (T0, T1, T2 me te T3) engari ko te hua me te horopeta anake te rerekētanga i roto i ngā kaupapa whakataetae; Kāore i rehuhia e ngā kaiuru katoa i ngā wā katoa (ko ētahi i ngaro i te T0).
Kei roto hoki i ēnei kauwhata ngā kauwhata 'kāore he patu harore' me ngā kauwhata 'taumaha', ko te kauwhata whakamutunga i ahu mai i te kaupapa patu harore RL hei whakatau i te pūmanawa hua.
Ko te hua o te kaupapa rehu RL he 10.73t/ha, he 1.83t/ha teitei ake i te whenua kāore i rongoatia. He mea noa tēnei mō te momo i whakatipuria (Graham), he ātete ki te mate āhua noa iho. Ko te hua toharite o te mahere arumoni he 10.30t/ha, ā, ko te utu toharite mō te patu harore he £82.04.
Heoi, ko te hua nui rawa i tutuki me te utu o te £79.54 me te hua o te 10.62t/ha – he 0.11t/ha noa iho te iti iho i te maimoatanga RL.
Ko te hua o te kaupapa rehu RL he 10.98t/ha, he 3.86t/ha teitei ake i te whenua kāore i rongoātia, koinei te mea e tumanakohia ana ina whakatipuhia he momo ngoikore ki te waikura kōwhai (Skyfall). Ko te hua toharite mō te kaupapa arumoni he 10.01t/ha, ā, ko te utu toharite mō te patu harore he £79.68.
Heoi, ko te hua nui rawa i tutuki me te utu o te £114.70 me te hua o te 10.76t/ha – he 0.22t/ha noa iho te iti iho i te maimoatanga RL.
Ko te hua o te kaupapa rehu RL he 12.07t/ha, he 3.63t/ha teitei ake i te whenua kāore i rongoatia. He mea noa tēnei mō te momo e whakatipuria ana (KWS Parkin). Ko te hua toharite mō te kaupapa arumoni he 10.76t/ha, ā, ko te utu toharite mō te patu harore he £97.10.
Heoi, ko te hua nui rawa i tutuki me te utu o te £115.15 me te hua o te 12.04t/ha – he 0.03t/ha noa iho te iti iho i te maimoatanga RL.
I te toharite (puta noa i ngā wāhi e toru kua whakahuatia i runga ake nei), ko ngā hua o ngā hua tino whai hua he 0.12 tana/heketea noa iho te iti iho i ngā hua i whiwhihia i raro i te kaupapa patu harore RL.
I runga i ēnei whakamātautau, ka taea e tātou te whakatau he rite ngā hua o te kaupapa patu harore RL ki ngā mahi ahuwhenua pai.
E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 1 i te nui o ngā hua whakataetae i tata ki te hua i whiwhihia me te maimoatanga harore patu RL, me te nui o ngā hua whakataetae i nui ake i te hua i whiwhihia me te maimoatanga harore patu RL.
Pikitia 1. Te whakataurite i te katoa o te whakaputanga witi hotoke arumoni me ngā utu patu harore (tae atu ki ngā utu tono) i roto i te Harvest Fungicide Margin Challenge 2021 (ngā ira kikorangi). Ko te whakaoranga e pā ana ki te maimoatanga patu harore RL kua whakatakotoria ki te 100% (rārangi kakariki tika). Ka whakaaturia hoki te ia whānui o ngā raraunga (piko hina).
I roto i ngā āhuatanga whakataetae i te wā kotinga o te tau 2020, he iti ngā taumata mate, ā, e rua o ngā wāhi e toru kāore i kitea he urupare patu harore. I te tau 2020, he nui ake ngā hua o ngā tikanga patu harore arumoni i ngā tikanga RL.
Ko te whānuitanga o ngā tikanga e whakamahia ana e whakaatu ana i te uaua ki te whiriwhiri i tētahi tikanga patu harore e whakaatu ana i te "paerewa a te kaiahuwhenua" i roto i ngā whakamātautau RL. Ahakoa te whiriwhiri i tētahi utu kotahi, ka rerekē pea ngā hua – ā, he iti noa iho ngā momo. I roto i ngā whakamātautau RL, e pā ana mātou ki ngā momo maha, he pai, he ngoikoretanga hoki tō ia momo.
Haunga te take o te hua o te harore patu harore, he mea tika kia mōhiotia ko te hua witi o te ao i tēnei wā ko te 17.96t/ha, he nui ake tēnei i te hua toharite o te RL (i whakatūria te rekoata ki Lincolnshire i te tau 2022 mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūnaha e hangai ana ki te pūmanawa hua).
Ko te mea tino pai, me pupuri te auau mate i roto i ngā rangahau RL kia iti rawa. Ko te tikanga, me raro iho i te 10% te auau pangia mō ngā momo katoa me ngā rangahau katoa (ahakoa kei te uaua haere tēnei ki te whakatutuki).
E whai ana mātou i tēnei mātāpono 'whakakore mate' kia puta ai te pūmanawa hua o ngā momo katoa i raro i ngā āhuatanga taiao rerekē mai i Cornwall ki Aberdeenshire, me te kore e pāngia ngā hua e te mate.
Kia taea ai e tētahi kaupapa patu harore te whakahaere i ngā mate katoa i ngā rohe katoa, me whānui (ā, me utu nui hoki).
Ko te tikanga tēnei, i raro i ētahi āhuatanga (ētahi momo, wāhi me ngā wā o te tau) kāore e hiahiatia ētahi wāhanga o te kaupapa patu harore.
Hei whakamārama i tēnei kōrero, me titiro tātou ki ngā hua e whakamahia ana i roto i te kaupapa matua o te patu harore i roto i ngā whakamātautau maimoatanga witi hotoke RL (hua 2024).
Ngā Kōrero: Ka whakamahia te Cyflamid hei whakahaere i te harore. He nui te utu o ngā aukati harore, ā, i te nuinga o te wā, he iti noa iho te pānga ki te hua. Heoi, i roto i ētahi whakamātautau, ka raru pea te harore i muri i ētahi tau, nō reira me whakauru hei tiaki i ngā momo tino ngoikore. Ka whakamahia a Tebucur me Comet 200 hei whakahaere i te waikura. Mō te tiaki harore, kāore tā rātou tāpiri e whakapai ake i ngā hua o ngā momo he nui te ātete ki te waikura.
E hiahiatia ana: Revistar XE (fluopyram me te fluconazole) + Arizona + Talius/Justice (proquinazine)
Kōrero: He rite tonu tēnei ki te T0 i ngā wā katoa e rehuhia ana. Ahakoa he paerewa noa te ranunga T1, kei roto he aukati pokepokea ai – ā, ka piki ake te utu, engari kāore i te nui rawa (i te nuinga o te wā).
He rehu tāpiri tēnei ka taea te whakamahi e ngā kaiwhakahaere whakamātautau. Ahakoa kāore i te tino whai hua, ka taea e ia te āwhina ki te tango i te harore waikura (mā te whakamahi i te Sunorg Pro) me te harore ira (mā te whakamahi i ngā hua prothioconazole). He kōwhiringa anō hoki a Arizona (engari kāore e taea te whakamahi i te neke atu i te toru ngā wā i roto i te maimoatanga kotahi).
Kōrero: Kei roto i ngā whakaritenga T2 ngā hua kaha (e ai ki ngā rehu rau haki). Heoi, kāore pea te tāpiri o Arizona e hua ake he pikinga nui o te whakaputanga.
Kōrero: Ko te wā T3 e aro ana ki ngā momo Fusarium (ehara i te ira rau witi). Ka whakamahia e mātou a Prosaro, he utu nui hoki. Ka tāpirihia hoki e mātou a Comet 200 hei tango i te waikura mai i ngā momo ngoikore. I ngā wāhi he iti te pēhanga waikura, pērā i te raki o Kōtirana, kāore pea te tāpiri waikura e whai hua nui.
Mā te whakaiti i te kaha o te kaupapa patu harore RL ka nekehia te rangahau mai i te whakamātautau i te momo parakore ki te whakamātautau i te momo x patu harore, ka whakapoauau hoki i ngā raraunga, ka uaua ake ai, ka nui ake ai hoki te utu mō te whakamārama.
Mā te huarahi hou anō hoki tātou e āwhina ki te taunaki i ngā momo momo e ngāwari ana ki te pāngia e ētahi mate. He maha ngā tauira o ngā momo momo kua angitu i te taha hokohoko ahakoa he iti te ātete ki te mate (mēnā ka whakahaerea tika) engari he maha atu anō ngā āhuatanga whai hua.
Ko te tikanga o te mātāpono ārai mate ko te whakamahi i ngā horopeta teitei. Ka piki ake ngā utu engari i roto i te maha o ngā rangahau ka iti ake ngā hua. E whakaaturia mārama ana te pānga horopeta i roto i ngā ānau whakahaere mate i whiwhihia i roto i tā mātou kaupapa whai huatanga o te harore patu harore.
Pikitia 2. Te whakahaere i ngā ira rau me ngā ārai (ngā hua i kohia i waenga i te tau 2022–2024), e whakaatu ana i ētahi o ngā patu harore i whakamahia i roto i ngā whakamātautau RL. E whakaatu ana tēnei i te iti o te whakapainga i roto i te whakahaere mate e pā ana ki te neke mai i ngā horopeta arumoni noa (te haurua ki te toru-hauwhā horopeta) ki ngā horopeta RL (tata ki te horopeta katoa).
I arotakehia te kaupapa patu harore RL e te AHDB i tēnei wā tata nei. Ko tētahi o ngā whakatau o te mahi i arahina e te ADAS, ko te pūnaha o nāianei tonu te huarahi pai hei ārahi i te whiriwhiri me te whakahaere momo.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-23-2024