He wāhanga nui ngā pakiaka tipu o te rhizosphere, he mahi nui tā rātou ki te kawe i te wai me ngā matūkai ki roto i te oneone. Hei tāpiri, ko te whakaputanga o te koiora i runga ake i te whenua e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki ngā pakiaka tipu. Ko te tipu me te tohatoha o ngā pakiaka i roto i te oneone ka whakatau i te kaha o te hua ki te mimiti i ngā matūkai me te wai. Mā te whakapai ake i ngā pūnaha pakiaka tipu ka taea e rātou te mimiti pai ake i te wai, ngā matūkai, me ngā kohuke mai i te oneone. Tata ki te 49% o te pikinga hua e pā ana ki ngā mahi whakahaere hua kua whakapaitia, ā, ko te toenga 51% e pā ana ki te whakapainga ira. Ko ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu e whakaiti ana i te noho me te whakanui ake i te taumaha o te witi he mea nui ki te whakanui ake i te hua. Ka whakaitihia e te noho te kawe wai me ngā matūkai me te photosynthesis, ka iti ake ngā hua o te kānga. Ka pā kino hoki ngā reiti noho ki te maha o ngā kākano taringa me te taumaha o te witi, ka whakaiti i te kounga o te hua. Ko te noho kānga ka puta i te tuatoru o ngā pona turanga i te wā e whakakī ana te kānga, nā te mea koinei te wā e kawehia ai ngā warowaihā mai i te kakau ki te taringa. Ko te koroheketanga wawe me te noho o te kānga e pā tika ana ki te tipu o te pakiaka. He mea nui te tātari pūnaha pakiaka ki te whakanui ake i te hua me te whakaiti i te noho i roto.whenua marokengā pūnaha ahuwhenua.13
Mā te makuku oneone e tika ana ka nui ake te kaha o te pakiaka maroke i ia wāhi. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā tikanga tono tongi tuku iho, mā te tono i ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu (PPR) ka taea te whakapai ake i te mimiti wai me ngā matūkai mai i te oneone e ngā pakiaka. Ko te pēhanga pakiaka he tohu mō te rere me te tukunga o te wai pakiaka. Ko te mimiti pakiaka ka whakawhirinaki ki tōna kaha, ko te mahi pakiaka ka rerekē i runga i ngā āhuatanga makuku oneone, te momo hua, me te wā tipu. I te mara, he uaua ki te mārama tika i te whanonga pakiaka, engari ka taea te whakamahi i te mimiti pakiaka hei matapae i te whanonga pakiaka me te mimiti matūkai me te wai. He maha ngā āhuatanga e pāngia ana e te noho pakiaka, tae atu ki te maha o ngā pakiaka, te whānui o te pakiaka, me te ahunga tipu. Ko te nui o te lignin he wāhanga matua o ngā kakau, ā, he pānga nui ki te tere noho o ngā kakau. He kaiwhakahaere tipu whai hua te Ethephon ka taea te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te noho. Ka taea te whakamahi i te Ethephon hei whakaiti i te teitei o te pakiaka kānga, hei whakanui ake i te kaha miihini, hei whakapai ake i te piri o te pakiaka. Ka taea e te Ethephon me te chlormequat chloride te whakarei ake i te ātete noho me te tohu homoni taketake. I whakaitihia e te DA-6 te tere noho, te maha o ngā panicle, me te teitei o te tipu, ā, i whakapai ake i te urunga o te kakau. Nō reira, ko te whakatika i ngā raruraru taunga i roto i ngā hua ahuwhenua te mea nui kia tutuki ai ngā hua pumau, teitei hoki.
E whakapae ana mātou i ngā rohe maroke-haurua, mā te whakakotahi i ngā mahi parau whenua me ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu ka taea te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te noho o te kānga me te whakanui ake i te hua. Hei whakamātautau i tēnei whakapae, i inehia e tēnei whakamātautau ngā pānga o ngā mahi parau whenua me ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu ki ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū o ngā kakau kānga, te āhua o te pakiaka, te hanganga ngota o ngā paihere toto, te ihirangi homoni taketake i roto i te wai pakiaka, me te hua. Ko te whāinga o tēnei rangahau he whakarato i tētahi pūtake ariā hei whakapai ake i te ātete ki te noho o te kānga me te hua i ngā rohe maroke-haurua. He pai te whakamahinga o ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu mō te whakahaere whakaputa ahuwhenua.
Te tohatoha ā-marama o te ua me te pāmahana i ngā māra whakamātautau i ngā wā whakatipu kānga 2021 me 2022.
Mā te whakamahi i tēnei tauira, ka taea te tatau i te tere tupu pakiaka toharite (Ć) i te wā tipu mā te whakamahi i te tātai e whai ake nei:
I te wā o te hanganga o te panicle, e rima ngā tipu i tīpakohia mai i ia wāhi, ā, i tangohia te pūnaha pakiaka mai i waenganui o te tipu, ko te tawhiti i waenga i ngā rarangi he haurua te whānui me te roa o te tipu. I muri i te horoinga o ngā pakiaka, ka whakamaroketia te makuku o te mata ki te pepa tātari, ā, ka tatauhia te maha o ngā paparanga pakiaka. I whakamaroketia ngā pakiaka coltsfoot hou i te 80°C kia pumau te taumaha, ā, i muri iho ka inehia te taumaha maroke. I whakatauhia te rere o te homoni endogenous mā te whakamahi i te enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Wang et al.).
Te pānga o ngā tikanga parau whenua rerekē me ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu ki te kiato pakiaka i te hohonutanga o te 0–100 cm i te tau 2022. Ko ngā rārangi poutū e tohu ana i te hapa paerewa o te toharite (SEM) (n = 3). Ko ngā reta iti e tohu ana i ngā rerekētanga nui i te taumata hiranga o P ≤ 0.05 (whakamātautau LSD).
Te pānga o ngā tikanga parau whenua rerekē me ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu ki te kiato papatipu pakiaka i te hohonutanga 0–100 cm i te tau 2022. Ko ngā rārangi poutū e tohu ana i te hapa paerewa o te toharite (SEM) (n = 3). Ko ngā reta iti e tohu ana i ngā rerekētanga nui i te taumata hiranga o P ≤ 0.05 (whakamātautau LSD).
He maha ngā maimoatanga parau whenua i honoa ki ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu i tino pā ki ngā āhuatanga āhua o ngā pakiaka kua whakapaitia i te wāhanga pane (Ripanga 6). I roto i ngā maimoatanga EYD me EYR, i piki ake te whānui, te rōrahi, te koki piko, me te taumaha maroke o ngā pakiaka kua whakapaitia, ā, ko te parau hurihuri i honoa ki ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu Jindel me Yuhuangjin i whakaatu i te hua pai rawa atu. I ngā tau e rua o te rangahau, i whakanui ake te whakamahinga o ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu i te whānui, te rōrahi, te koki piko, me te taumaha maroke o ngā pakiaka kua whakapaitia. Ki te whakatauritea ki te maimoatanga mana, i piki ake te maha o ngā paparanga pakiaka kua whakapaitia i roto i ngā maimoatanga EYD, EYR, me EYB i te tau 2021. Heoi, kāore he rerekētanga nui i kitea i waenga i ngā maimoatanga i te tau 2022.
I roto i ngā maimoatanga ngaki katoa, ko te tere noho (EYD), te ōwehenga noho (EYR), te taupū noho (EH), te tauwehenga noho (EHC), me te tauwehenga noho (CG) o te kānga i te tau 2021 me te 2022 he teitei ake i ērā atu tau (Ripanga 8). He maha ngā maimoatanga ngaki i whakapai ake i te tauwehenga noho me te taupū noho, i te mea ko te whakamahinga o te kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu Jindel + Yuhuangjin i whakapiki ake i te tauwehenga noho. I te tau 2016, kāore he rerekētanga nui i roto i te taupū noho, te tauwehenga noho, me te tauwehenga noho i waenga i ngā tau rangahau e rua. I tino piki ake te hononga i waenga i te taupū noho, te tauwehenga noho, me te tauwehenga noho me ētahi atu maimoatanga ngaki i roto i ngā maimoatanga ngaki mō te tauwehenga noho me te tauwehenga noho, ā, i hua ake ai he pai ake te mahi noho.
Ki te whakatauritea ki ētahi atu tikanga whakatipu, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu te whakahaere i te tipu o ngā hua kia rite ki ngā hiahia whakaputa.,te whakahaere i te āhua o te tipu, me te whakanui ake i te nui o te lignin, ngā taumata homoni tipu, me te hua.E mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko ngā painga o ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu he iti ngā utu whakauru.I tēnei wā, ki te whakaritea ki te maimoatanga whakahaere, he nui ake te ihirangi lignin i roto i te tuatoru o ngā internode e whakaatuhia ana e te maimoatanga EYD. He hononga pai te ihirangi lignin ki te mahi a ngā tohu homoni taketake, he rite ki ngā hua o ngā rangahau o mua. Ko te whakapai ake i te ātete noho e pā ana ki te pikinga o tengā ihirangio te lignin, te cellulose, ngā warowaihā, me ngā āhuatanga hanganga tinana pēnei i te matotoru o te kiri, tetauo ngā paihere toto, me te nui o te whakapūmautanga. I roto i tēnei rangahau, i kitea ko te matotoru o te kiri me te maha o ngā paihere toto o te kānga i piki ake i te maimoatanga EYD. I roto i te maimoatanga EYD, he kikī ngā paihere toto iti, ā, he pai te whanaketanga o ngā paihere toto nui. He mea nui anō hoki ngā paihere toto tipu mō te kawe i te wai me ngā matūkai.45 He hononga pai te urunga o te kiko toto kānga ki te maha o ngā paihere toto.42 I roto i te maimoatanga EYD, ki te whakatauritea ki te maimoatanga mana, i heke te SLR mā te 97%, te RLR mā te 65%, me te TLR mā te 74%.
Ko ngā ara taunekeneke matua ko te putanga mai o te wai pakiaka me ngā taumata homoni taketake. I roto i te maimoatanga EYD, he nui ake te tere o te putanga mai o te wai pakiaka i ngā wāhanga tipu katoa i ērā atu maimoatanga katoa. Kāore he rerekētanga nui i roto i ngā tere putanga mai o te wai pakiaka i waenga i ngā maimoatanga ER me EYR, i waenga rānei i ngā maimoatanga YB me EYB i tētahi wāhanga tipu. I tua atu, i te 25 me te 125 rā i muri i te rui, he nui ake te tere putanga mai o te wai pakiaka i roto i ngā maimoatanga YD me EYD i ērā atu maimoatanga katoa. He nui te pānga o te tikanga ngaki whenua ki te tere o te putanga mai o te wai pakiaka. Nā te rototillage i whakanui ake te putanga mai o te wai pakiaka, ā, i tino whakapai ake i te kaha tango matūkai o ngā pakiaka me te hua.46I ngā wāhanga whakakī V7 me te witi, KĀORE−me NH4+kawe wakahe nui ake te nui o te ionic i roto i te maimoatanga EYD i ērā atu maimoatanga. He nui ake hoki te kawe ionic i roto i te wai pakiaka i ērā atu maimoatanga i ngā wāhanga tipu rerekē. He mea nui anō hoki ngā paihere toto o te tipu mō te kawe i te wai, ngā matūkai, me te photosynthesis.34He hononga pai kei waenganui i ngā kiko kawe me ngā paihere toto i roto i ngā tipu kānga.38
Nā te kaha ake o te kakau me te āhua o te pakiaka i whakarei ake te kaha o te tipu ki te kawe i te wai, ngā matūkai, me te whakaahua, ā, i pā pai tēnei ki te wāhanga whakakī purapura. I te wā i whakakotahihia ai te parau hurihuri me te rehu i te kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu (PGR) mā te whakamahi i te Kindle + Yuhuanghuang, i whakanuia e ngā maimoatanga EYD me EYR ngā tawhā pakiaka. I te tau 2021, i tino piki ake te maha o ngā paparanga pakiaka i roto i ngā maimoatanga EYD, EYR, me EYB, engari kāore i te nui te rerekētanga i te tau 2022. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu te whakapai ake i te mimiti matūkai pakiaka mā te whakapai ake i te āhua o te pakiaka. Ko te nui o ngā homoni rerekē, kaua ko te nui tuturu o ngā homoni motuhake, te mea e whakatau ana i ngā pānga ā-tinana.
Mā te whakamahi i ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu i te wā e ngaki ana ka taea te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te noho, mā te whakanui ake i te kaha ā-ringa o te kakau. E whakaatu ana ā mātou hua ko te whakamahi i te Jindel + Yuhuangjin me te ngaki hurihuri i whakaiti i te tere noho, i whakapai ake i te tohatoha pakiaka me te papatipu maroke, ā, i whakarei ake i te hanganga moroiti o te kakau, te ihirangi lignin, te āhua o te pakiaka tautoko, me te hua kānga. I whakatairanga nui te maimoatanga EYD i te tipu pakiaka, i whakanui ake i te ihirangi lignin, me te kaha ā-ringa o te kakau, me te whakaiti nui i te tere noho. I tua atu, he nui ake te ihirangi NO3- me te NH4+ i roto i te maimoatanga EYD i ngā maimoatanga ED me te YD. I eke ngā tere whakawhiti o te Zn, Fe, K, Mg, P, me te Ca ki ō rātou uara mōrahi i roto i ngā maimoatanga EYD me te EYR. I whakanui ake te maimoatanga EYD i te koki piko pakiaka, te rōrahi papatipu maroke, me te diameter o te pakiaka tautoko. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā maimoatanga ED me te YD, i piki ake ngā uara Ć, cm, me te Wmax mō te TRDW, ARD, me te TRL me ngā maimoatanga EYD me te EYR. Mā te pikinga ake o ngā taumata o te RLD, ARD, me te RDWD mā te maimoatanga EYD ka whakatairanga i te whanaketanga o ngā pakiaka, ka whakapai ake i te makuku o te oneone, ka whakarei ake i te mimiti o ngā matūkai, ā, ka tino whakanui ake i te ātete ki te noho, ā, he tikanga whai hua hoki mō te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea o ngā hua i ngā rohe maroke-haurua. E whakaatu ana ngā hua he taputapu whai hua ēnei hangarau mō ngā kaimahi pāmu i ngā rohe maroke-haurua, e āhei ai rātou ki te pupuri i ngā hua kānga teitei me te whakaiti i ngā ngaronga noho. Heoi, me rangahau anō mō te whakamahinga o ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu i roto i te mahi ahuwhenua whakauru me ā rātou tikanga whakahaere i roto i ngā momo kānga rerekē.
Te wā tuku: Hui-tanguru-02-2026