I mua i te whakatō i ngā tipu mango, me whakarite te oneone, ā, me tāpiri he tongi matūkai ki reira.Mai i te wā tipu, i muri rānei i te oranga o ngā tipu, me tika te hanga me te tapahi kia ōrite te horapa o ngā manga.He pai te uru o te mārama ki roto i te rākau, he mea pai mō te tipu o ngā matūkai me te hua, ā, ka hanga he āhua rākau e hua wawe ana, e hua nui ana, e hua pumau ana. Ki te kore, tera pea ka ngoikore te uru o te rākau, ka kino ngā mate me ngā pepeke kino, ka iti hoki te uara arumoni o ngā hua i muri i te hua.
I. Ngā tikanga tapahi me te hanga āhua
1. Te tikanga hanga porowhita ā-taiao. Whai muri i te whakatōnga o te tipu, ina tupu ki te 60-70 henimita te teitei, tapahia te tihi hei whakatū i te pūtake matua. Me 30-40 henimita te tawhiti o te peka taha tuatahi mai i te pūtake matua, ā, me 25-35 henimita te tawhiti o te peka taha tuarua mai i te peka matua. Whakahokia tēnei tukanga hei hanga i te karauna rākau porowhita.
2. He tikanga hanga i te pūtake o te rākau. Ina tupu te tipu ki te teitei o te 60-70 henimita, ka tapatapahia te kakau matua, ka whakau. E toru ngā manga matua i te paparanga tuatahi, ā, e 3-4 ngā manga matua e toe ana i te paparanga tuarua, kia 20 henimita te tawhiti mai i te peka matua tuarua. He kakau matua motuhake tō tēnei rākau e tū tika ana, e piki ana. E rua ngā paparanga rau e hangaia ana e te karauna o te rākau, tētahi he iti ake i te tihi, tētahi he nui ake i te raro.
3. Te tikanga hanga āhua pā-pū. Ko tēnei tikanga he tango i ngā pito o ngā tipu ina eke ki te teitei o te 50 ki te 90 henimita, hei whakatairanga i te manga me te pupuri i ngā peka matua e toru. Ka hanga te paparanga tuarua o ngā peka matua i tētahi āhua ripeka whakarara me te paparanga tuatahi o ngā peka matua, ā, ka honoa te ahunga ki tērā o te paparanga tuatahi. He pai tēnei tikanga mō te whakatō iti, te whakatō matotoru, me te whakatipu kaha, he mea e pai ai te hauhautanga me te urunga mārama ki roto i ngā rarangi. Heoi, ko ngā tikanga hanga me te tapahi me whai pūkenga teitei, ā, he nui te mahi.
II. Ngā Kaupapa Matua mō te Whakahaere Hua Nui o ngā Māngo
1. Te Whakahaere Tongi. Haunga te tapahi me te hanga i ngā mea kua whakahuatia ake nei, ka taea te whiriwhiri i te tongi waro me te tongi matū kounga teitei hei tongi. I te wā whakaputa pua o ngā rākau mango pakeke (kotahi marama i mua i te pua, arā, Mahuru-Oketopa), me whakamahi he tongi whakaoho pua, ko te nuinga he hauota (urea) me te pāhare pākawa (potassium nitrate); i te marama o Āperira-Mei, i te wā tipu hua, me whakamahi he tongi whakatairanga hua; i muri i te hauhake hua, me whakamahi he tongi waro hei tongi matua.
2. Whakahaere kia nui ake te hua. I te wā pua o te kōanga o ngā māngo, ki te ua, ki te makariri hoki te rangi, ka taea te tango ā-ringa i ngā tautau pua e pua wawe ana, ā, ka taea te rehu i te 500 mirikaramu ia rita o te paclobutrazol hei whakaroa i te wā pua. Ki te pai te āhua o te rangi, ka taea te rehu i te ethylene hei whakatairanga i te pua o ngā rākau, hei aukati hoki i te tipu o ngā manga kua nui rawa te kai.Tangohia ā-ringa ngā tautau pua matotoru rawa kia ōrite ai te tupu o ngā hua.
3. Te whakahaere i ngā pepeke me ngā mate. Ko ngā mate noa o te māngo ko te anthracnose, te paura harore, me te gummosis. Ka taea te whakamahi i te rongoā hei ārai, hei whakahaere rānei i mua atu i te tīmatanga o te putanga mai o te mate, i te wā rānei e tīmata ana. Mō te anthracnose, ka taea te whakamahi i te 80% mancozeb WP i te kukū o te 400-600 wā, 70% thiophanate-methyl WP rānei i te 1000-1500 wā, 50% benomyl WP rānei i te 800-1000 wā, 25% mancozeb EC rānei i te 2000-3000 wā hei whakahaere. Mō te paura harore, ka taea te whakamahi i te 20% triadimefon EC i te 800 wā, 15% triadimefon WP rānei i te 500 wā. Mō te gummosis, ka taea te tapahi i te wāhanga mate ki te maripi, ā, ka taea te pania he kiriata whakaora patunga me te ārai-waikura hei hiri i te patunga. Tāpirihia he kiriata hou he nui te ngako i ia wā, ka rehuhia te 70% thiophanate-methyl WP ki te kukū o te 800 ngā wā.
Whakahaerehia kia nui ake te hua. I te wā pua o te kōanga o ngā māngo, ki te ua, ki te makariri hoki te rangi, ka taea te tango ā-ringa i ngā tautau pua e pua wawe ana, ā, ka taea te rehu i te 500 mirikaramu ia rita o te paclobutrazol hei whakaroa i te wā pua. Ki te pai te āhua o te rangi, ka taea te rehu i te ethylene hei whakatairanga i te pua o ngā rākau, hei aukati hoki i te tipu o ngā manga kua nui rawa te kai. Tangohia ā-ringa ngā tautau pua matotoru rawa kia ōrite ai te tipu o ngā hua.
Te whakahaere i ngā pepeke me ngā mate. Ko ngā mate noa o te māngo ko te anthracnose, te paura harore, me te gummosis. Ka taea te whakamahi i te rongoā hei ārai, hei whakahaere rānei i mua atu i te tīmatanga o te putanga mai o te mate, i te wā rānei e tīmata ana. Mō te anthracnose, ka taea te whakamahi i te 80% mancozeb WP i te kukū o te 400-600 wā, 70% thiophanate-methyl WP rānei i te 1000-1500 wā, 50% benomyl WP rānei i te 800-1000 wā, 25% mancozeb EC rānei i te 2000-3000 wā hei whakahaere. Mō te paura harore, ka taea te whakamahi i te 20% triadimefon EC i te 800 wā, 15% triadimefon WP rānei i te 500 wā. Mō te gummosis, ka taea te tapahi i te wāhanga mate ki te maripi, ā, ka taea te pania he kiriata whakaora patunga me te ārai-waikura hei hiri i te patunga. Tāpirihia he kiriata hou he nui te ngako i ia wā, ka rehuhia te 70% thiophanate-methyl WP ki te kukū o te 800 ngā wā.
Ko ngā pepeke matua ko ngā pūrerehua pō, ngā pepeke rau waha-papatahi, ngā pepeke whakararu rakau, me ngā namu hua iti. Haunga te whakamahi i ngā tikanga whakahaere ahuwhenua me te koiora, ina puta ngā wana ngawari, ngā tautau putiputi rānei mā te 1 ki te 3 henimita te roa, ka taea te whakamahi i te otinga karaihe carbaryl 90% i te kukū 1000-whakaritenga hei ārai me te whakahaere. Rehuhia kia kotahi i ia 7 ki te 10 rā, ā, whakahokia tēnei tukanga kia 2 ki te 3 ngā wā. Mō ngā pepeke whakararu rakau, ka taea te werohanga i te kukū 30% carbaryl emulsifiable i te 80 ki te 100 ngā wā o te kukū ki roto i ngā kōhao, kātahi ka hiritia ngā whakatuwheratanga o te kōhao. Mō ngā namu hua iti, ka taea te whakamahi i te methyl eugenol hei hopu me te patu. Ina koa, ka whakairihia ngā wahi iti o te papa muka tō kua rumakina ki te methyl eugenol me te otinga malathion 3% ki runga i ngā rākau hei hopu.
Wā tuku: Mei-27-2026
