Ko ngā maniua te tūāpapa o te haumarutanga kai. Ko ngā tuakiri o ngā whenua kawemai maniua nui me tetongiko ngā momo e hokona ana e rātou e whakaata tika ana i te whenua me te hanganga o te whakaputanga ahuwhenua o te ao.
I. Tirohanga Whānui o te AoTata ki te 290 Miriona Tana te Tapeke o ngā Kawemai, ā, tata ki te 40% o ngā Kawemai Matua e toru
I te tau 2024, ko te tapeke o ngā kawemai tongi puta noa i ngā whenua me ngā rohe 168 o te ao i eke ki te 289 miriona tana. He nui te kukū o te tauira kawemai:
Ko Brazil te tuatahi o te ao hei kaihoko tongi nui rawa atu o te ao, me te tata ki te 46.07 miriona tana (15.9%);
ā, whai muri ko te Hononga o Amerika (tata ki te 32.97 miriona tana, 11.4%) me Īnia (tata ki te 32.40 miriona tana, 11.2%). Ko ngā whenua e toru e hanga tahi ana i te 38.5% o ngā kawemai o te ao;
Ko ngā whenua kawemai tekau o runga rawa i tuhi i te tapeke o ngā kawemai o te 171.90 miriona tana, e tohu ana i te 59.4% o te tapeke o te ao, ā, koinei te "rōpū kawemai taumata-tuatahi" e tika ana.
II. Ngā Whenua me ngā Rohe 100 o Runga rawa atu mā te Rōrahi Kawemai Tongi o te Ao, 2024
Mai i te tirohanga ā-rohe, ko te hiahia mō te kawemai tongi ko ngā whenua ahuwhenua nui me ngā whenua ōhanga he iti ngā rauemi.
III. Te Tohatoha ā-Rohe: He Tauira Takitoru i waenga i a Āhia, Amerika Latina me Ūropi
I te taha rohe, ko te hiahia mō ngā tongi e kawemai ana ko ngā whenua ahuwhenua nui me ngā ōhanga kāore i te nui ngā rauemi.
Ko Āhia te whenua e nui rawa ana ngā kawemai nā te nui o ngā taupori o Īnia, Haina me te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia, me te whakatipu raihi me ngā hua hokohoko nui. I Amerika Latina, ko te mahi ahuwhenua pīni soya i Brazil me Argentina e whakakaha ana i te tono nui mō ngā maniua hauota, whākawa me te pāhare pākawa. Ko Parani, Tiamana me ētahi atu iwi te māngai mō Ūropi, ā, he nui te ōwehenga o ngā maniua matū me ngā maniua wai.
IV. Ranunga Hua: Ngā Momo Tongi Pai rawa atu e 5 mō ia o ngā Whenua Kawemai Pai rawa atu e 20
Papakupu Whakarāpopototanga:
Muriate o te Potash; Urea; Diammonium Phosphate; Monoammonium Phosphate; Tongi Whakakotahi NPK; Ammonium Sulfate; Otinga Ammonium Nitrate; Konupūmā Ammonium Nitrate; Ammonium Nitrate; Sulfate o te Potash; Ammonia Korewai; Toka Phosphate; Superphosphate Takitoru; Superphosphate Kotahi.
V. Ngā Tirohanga e ahu mai ana i ngā Raraunga: Ngā Tohu e Whā hei Aro atu ki te Ahumahi
1. Ko te tongi Potash (MOP) te taonga tongi kawemai matua o te ao
I roto i ngā whenua kawemai o runga e 20, ko Muriate of Potash (MOP) kei roto i ngā rārangi o runga e 5 mō te nuinga o ngā whenua, ā, ko ia te Nama 1 i Brazil, i te Hononga o Amerika, i Indonesia, i Haina, i Mareia, i Belgium me ētahi atu. He whakaata tēnei i te tauira o te tohatoha rauemi potash o te ao me te whakawhirinaki ki ngā kawemai mō te nuinga o ngā whenua ahuwhenua nui.
2. Ko te Urea te tongi hauota kawemai matua
E kitea pinepine ana te Urea (17 ngā wā) i roto i ngā rārangi 5 o runga o ēnei whenua 20, ā, ko te tuatahi tēnei i Ahitereiria, Thailand, Türkiye, Mexico, Poland, te United Kingdom, Spain me ētahi atu. Koinei te tongi hauota totoka tino whai hua, me te momo tongi hauota tino hokohokohia i roto i te tauhokohoko o te ao.
3. Ko te noho tahi o ngā phosphate ammonium (DAP/MAP) me te toka phosphate (PR) e whakaatu ana i ngā rerekētanga o ngā mekameka tukatuka
Ko te Hononga o Amerika, o Kānata me Ahitereiria e pai ake ana ki te kawemai i te Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP). Ko Īnia, ko Türkiye, ko Belgium, ko te Republic of Korea me ētahi atu whenua e kawemai ana i ngā rahinga nui o te toka phosphate (PR) hei rauemi whāngai mō te tukatuka i raro iho. Ko Bangladesh, ko Īnia me Kānata e kawemai ana i te Diammonium Phosphate (DAP). E whakaatu ana ēnei āhuatanga i te wehenga mekameka ahumahi puta noa i te whenua i waenga i te "kawemai rauemi mata" me te "kawemai hua kua oti".
3. Ko te otinga Urea-Ammonium Nitrate (UAN) me ngā maniua NPK e tohu ana i te taumata matatau o te ahuwhenua tino tika
4. Kei te kitea nuitia te otinga Urea-Ammonium Nitrate (UAN) i roto i ngā rārangi matua e 5 mō Parani, te United Kingdom, Belgium, te United States me ētahi atu whenua o te Hauāuru, e whakaatu ana i ngā pūnaha tono mīhini me te tongi wai kua whakapumautia. He nui te wāhi o ngā tongi matū NPK i Spain, Poland, United Kingdom, Thailand, Indonesia me ētahi atu wāhi, e whakaata ana i te ia o te whakahaere pai mā te "whakatoi taurite kotahi-pana".
VI. Whakamutunga
E ai ki ngā tatauranga o te tau 2024, ko ngā kawemai tongi o te ao e tohuhia ana e te "mana o ētahi whenua nui me te ranunga hua kua tautuhia pai". Tata ki te 40% o ngā kawemai katoa ko Brazil, te United States me Īnia. Ko te Potash me te urea ngā taonga matua kotahi; ko ngā kawemai ammonium phosphate/phosphate-toka e whakaatu ana i te wehenga mekameka tukatuka; ko ngā tongi wai me ngā tongi matū e whakaata ana i te taumata whanaketanga o te ahuwhenua tino tika.
Mō ngā umanga kawemai-kaweake tongi, ngā kaihokohoko me ngā kairangahau ahumahi, ko te mārama ki ngā manakohanga hua me ngā tauine hoko a ngā whenua kawemai he taunakitanga nui mō te whakatakoto rautaki mākete me te whakarite i ngā whakatakotoranga mekameka tuku.
Wā tuku: 25 o Ākuhata-2026
