Nō nā tata nei, i mahi tahi te National Agricultural Technology Center me te Institute ofTe Tiakitanga o ngā Tipuo te Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences me ētahi atu whakahaere, kua whakatakoto, kua tukuna hoki te "Aratohu Hangarau mō te Whakamahi i ngā Waka Rererangi Ahuwhenua Kore Kaimahi hei Whakahaere i ngā Pepeke me ngā Mate Nui o te Kānga". Ko te whāinga he whakarei ake i te taumata pūtaiao me te paerewa o te whakamahinga o ngā waka rererangi ahuwhenua kore kaimahi hei ārai me te whakahaere i ngā pepeke me ngā mate nui o te kānga, me te whakaoti rapanga i roto i te ārai me te whakahaere i ngā pepeke me ngā mate i ngā wāhanga waenga me ngā wāhanga mutunga o te kānga.
He Aratohu Hangarau mō te Whakamahi i ngā Waka Rererangi Ahuwhenua Kore Kaimahi mōTe Whakahaere i ngā Pepekeme te Ārai i ngā Mate o ngā Pepeke me ngā Mate Nui o te Kānga
E ai ki te matapae a te National Agricultural Technology Center, i te tau 2026, ka tino kino te putanga mai o ngā mate kānga me ngā pepeke kino i te motu. I roto i ēnei, ko ngā pepeke kino pēnei i te whēkau kānga, te noke miro, me ngā pepeke rākau ka tino kino ake te puta i ētahi rohe o te Rawhiti-mā-rāwhiti o Haina me te Mania Kōwhai-Huaihai. Ka nui te tūponotanga o te mate pirau kakau kia puta anō i te Mania Kōwhai-Huaihai, te Tonga-mā-uru o Haina, me te Rawhiti-mā-rāwhiti o Haina.
1. Te whiriwhiri tika i ngā kaihoko whakahaere
(1) Arotahi ki te wā ārai tika. I runga i te wā puta, te momo, me te kaha o ngā mate kānga me ngā pepeke, whakatauhia ngā pepeke matua e arohia ana me te wā ārai tika e ai ki ngā āhuatanga o te rohe.
Mai i te wā hauhake taringa nui ki te wā tango hae, ko te rohe ki te raki-mā-rāwhiti e aro ana ki te aukati me te whakahaere i ngā pepeke me ngā mate pēnei i te kaipara kānga, te aphids, te pītau rau waewae roa takirua, te mate ira nui, me te mate ira hina; ko te rohe o Huaihai e aro ana ki te aukati me te whakahaere i ngā pepeke me ngā mate pēnei i te kaipara kānga, ngā pepeke piri, te mate pirau kakau, te mate waikura tonga, me te mate ira iti; ko te rohe ki te raki-mā-uru e aro ana ki te aukati me te whakahaere i ngā pepeke me ngā mate pēnei i te kaipara kānga, ngā pepeke piri, ngā mite pūngāwerewere whero, te pītau rau waewae roa takirua takirua, te mate pirau kakau, me te mate ira nui; ko te rohe ki te tonga-mā-uru e aro ana ki te aukati me te whakahaere i ngā pepeke me ngā mate pēnei i te kaipara kānga tarutaru, te kaipara kānga, ngā pepeke piri, te mate pirau kakau, me te mate ira nui.
Mai i te wāhanga o te hanganga witi ki te wāhanga miraka, i te rohe o te Tai Rāwhiti, ko te whakahaere matua o ngā riha e aro ana ki ngā pepeke kānga, ngā ngata, ngā pīrere rau waewae roa whai ira rua, ngā mate paru, ngā mate ira nui, me ngā mate ira hina; i te rohe o Huang-Huai-Hai, ko ngā pepeke kānga, ngā pepeke pītiti, ngā noke miro, ngā mate paru, ngā mate waikura tonga, me ngā mate ira iti te aro; i te rohe o te Tai Hauāuru, ko ngā pepeke kānga, ngā mite pungawerewere whero, ngā pīrere rau waewae roa whai ira rua, ngā mate paru, ngā mate ira nui te aro; i te rohe o te Tonga-uru, ko ngā kānga e kawe ana i te mawhitiwhiti, ngā pepeke kānga, ngā mate paru, ngā mate ira nui, me ngā mate ira hina.
(2) Kōwhiria ngā patupatu e tika ana. Hei ārai me te whakahaere i ngā pepeke pēnei i te pepeke kakau matomato, te pepeke piri, me te pepeke kānga, me whakamahi ngā patupatu i te wā o te torongū i te wā tamarikitanga. Ko ngā patupatu e tika ana ko Bacillus thuringiensis, chlorpyrifos-methyl, methamidophos-aminobenzoate, me te ethyl polyhydroxybenzyl imidazoline. Hei whakahaere i ngā aphids, me whakamahi ngā patupatu i te wā tuatahi o te pakarutanga. Ko ngā patupatu e tika ana ko te thiamethoxam, thiamethionam, me te imidacloprid. Hei whakahaere i te pepeke pītiti me te noke miro, me whakamahi ngā patupatu i te wā o te torongū i te wā tamarikitanga. Ko ngā patupatu e tika ana ko te tetra-cyanothiamamide, chlorpyrifos-methyl, methamidophos-aminobenzoate, me te cypermethrin. Hei whakahaere i ngā mate pēnei i te mate ira nui, te mate ira iti, te waikura tonga, me te mate ira hina, me whakamahi ngā patupatu i te wā tuatahi o te pakarutanga o te mate. Ko ngā patupatu e tika ana ko te flufurafos-dimethylamine, te pyrazofamet, te cipcon-pyrimidinethione, me te oxamoxazin-pentazole. Mō ngā mara e tino pāngia ana, ka taea te whakamahi tuarua i muri i ngā rā 7-10. Hei whakahaere i te mate pirau taringa, me whakamahi ngā patupatu i te wā tuatahi o te pakarutanga o te mate. Ko ngā patupatu e tika ana ko te pyrazofamet, te flufurafos-dimethylamine, me te ethylate. Hei tāpiri, i te wā o te mahi "kotahi te rehu mō ngā whakatairanga maha", ka taea te tāpiri i ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu tipu tika hei whakapai ake i te hauora o ngā tipu kānga me te ārai i te koroheketanga wawe me te whakatairanga i te pikinga o te hua.
II. Te whiriwhiri i te momo horopeta tika me te tāpiri i ngā āwhina whakaranu ki te tāke
(1) Kōwhiria te momo horopeta tika mā te pūtaiao. Ko ngā momo horopeta patu pepeke e tika ana mō te whakahaere i ngā waka rererangi ahuwhenua ko ngā kaihoko whakatārewatanga, ngā kaihoko whakatārewatanga hinu marara, ngā kaihoko wai-tū-ā-roto, ngā whakapūtanga wai, ngā moroiti-emulsion, ngā kirikiri wairewa-wai, me ngā otinga hinu emulsable. He iti te hototahitanga o ngā paura me ngā paura makuku. I te whakaranu i ngā patu pepeke maha, e taunakihia ana kia tāpirihia i roto i te raupapa e whai ake nei: wai – ngā kaihoko totoka (ngā kirikiri wairewa-wai) – ngā kaihoko whakatārewatanga (ngā kaihoko whakatārewatanga hinu marara, ngā kaihoko whakatārewatanga) – ngā kaihoko whakapūtanga (ngā moroiti-emulsion, ngā whakapūtanga wai) – ngā kaihoko wai marara (ngā otinga hinu emulsable). I muri i te tāpiri i ia patu pepeke, kia tino whakaranua kia tutuki ai he otinga pumau, kāore e rewa, kāore hoki e wehea i mua i te tāpiri i te patu pepeke e whai ake nei. Mā tēnei ka ārai i te hanganga o ngā puranga, te aukati i te pūwero, te whakaheke rānei i te whai huatanga o te patu pepeke.
(2) Whakapūmautia te tāpiri i ngā tāpiringa whakaranu i roto i te peere. I mua i te whakahaere i te mahi rehu, me tāpiri he nui e tika ana o ngā tāpiringa whakaranu i roto i te peere ki te otinga patu pepeke hei whakapai ake i tana mahi, hei whakatairanga i te taunga o ngā pata, hei whakaiti i te ngaronga o te wai, hei whakapakari i te ātete ki te horo o te ua me te mimiti, ā, hei whakapakari ake i te pānga whakahaere. Me matua whakamahi i ngā tāpiringa motuhake mō te rehu ā-rangi, me te aro ki te hototahitanga ki ngā patu pepeke e whakamahia ana. Hei karo i te korenga o te otinga patu pepeke, i ngā urupare kino rānei. I te nuinga o te wā, me tāpiri te tāpiringa i te tere o te 0.5% – 1% o te rōrahi wai rehu. Ka taea te whakarerekē i te nui o te tāpiringa kia rite ki te momo tāpiringa, te kukū o te otinga patu pepeke, me te taiao mahi.
III. Kia tino piri ki ngā whakaritenga mō te rehu mai i te rangi.
(1) Wāhi Mahi. Whakahaerehia ngā mahi rehu patu pepeke mā te whakamahi i ngā waka rererangi ahuwhenua i roto i tētahi wāhi tuwhera, he pai te hau. I mua i te mahi rehu, whakahaerehia he rangahau mō te taiao e karapoti ana i te wāhi rehu, whakatauhia te rohe rehu, aromatawaihia ngā tūponotanga ka pā mai, ā, āraihia te rere o ngā pata patu pepeke kei kino ki ngā rauropi kāore i te whāngaihia me te kino o ngā hua i te rohe e karapoti ana. I roto i te 200 mita i raro i te hau o te wāhi rehu, kaua he tipu whakaputa nekita.
(2) Taiao mahi. I te wā e pania ana ngā patupatu, me iti iho te tere o te hau i te taumata 3 (≤ 3.4 m/s), ā, me noho te pāmahana o te taiao i waenga i te 15℃ me te 30℃. Ka taea e ia rohe te whakatau i te wā pania e tika ana i runga i ngā āhuatanga tūturu, ā, me karo i te wā neke atu i te 30℃. Mena he kohu matotoru, he tomairangi rānei, me pania ngā patupatu i muri i te memeha o te kohu me te tomairangi.
4. Whakatakotoria ngā tawhā mahi kia tika
(1) Ngā tawhā mahi taketake. He rerekē ngā tawhā rehu o ngā waka rererangi ahuwhenua rerekē. Me whai whakaaro whānui ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te rahi o te waka rererangi, te papa hau e heke ana, te wāhanga tipu o te kānga, me ngā momo pepeke me ngā mate hei whakahaere. Me whakatakoto ngā tawhā rere tika kia ōrite ai te rehu, kia kaua e nui rawa te rehu, kia kore rānei e ngaro te rehu, kia iti ai te ngaronga o te rere, kia kore ai hoki e kino ki ngā tipu. I mua i te rehu nui, me whakahaere ngā whakamātautau ōrite me te pumau o te mahi. I te pikinga ake o te kawenga o te waka rererangi, me whakanui ake te teitei rere, me whakaiti hoki te tere rere.
(2) Ngā tikanga whakahaere rerekē i raro i ngā āhuatanga huarere rerekē. I te wā e whakamahia ana ngā patu pepeke, me whakarerekē te ara whakahaere me ngā tawhā kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga tūturu pēnei i te tere me te ahunga o te hau, ā, me whakarite te mahere whakahaere kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga o te rohe. Hei whakaiti i te nekenekehanga i puta mai i ngā hau whakawhiti, ka taea te whakatakoto i te ahunga rere kia rite ki te ahunga hau. Hei whakanui ake i te whakatakotoranga o te otinga patu pepeke, ina he rerekē te ahunga rere ki te ahunga hau, ka taea te whakaiti i te tere rere; ina rite te ahunga rere ki te ahunga hau, ka taea te whakanui ake i te tere rere.
(3) Ngā tawhā whakahaere mai i te pūwero nui ki te wāhanga pua. He wāhi nui tēnei wāhanga mō te whakahaere i ngā pepeke me ngā mate i roto i te kānga. He kapi katoa te mara i ngā tipu, ā, me whakarite te mahi kia taurite te kapi o te otinga patu pepeke me te haumaru o ngā tipu. Kāore e whakaaetia kia whakamahia ngā patu pepeke i te wā pua me te wā pua kia kore ai e pokanoa ki te whakapūpū. Mō ngā waka rererangi ahuwhenua maha-rotor me te kaha kawenga o te 50L ki te 70L, i roto i ngā wāhi whakato he 4500 ki te 8000 tipu ia eka, ko ngā tawhā whakahaere tino pai ko te nui o te tono patu pepeke o te 2L/eka ki te 2.5L/eka, te teitei rere o te 3.5m ki te 4m, me te tere rere o te 3m/s ki te 5m/s; I ngā wāhi whakato he 4000 ki te 4500 ngā tipu mō ia eka, ko ngā tawhā whakahaere tino pai ko te rahinga tono patupatu o te 1.5L/eka ki te 2L/eka, te teitei rere o te 3.5m ki te 4m, me te tere rere o te 3m/s ki te 5m/s.
(4) Ngā tawhā mahi mai i te wāhanga o te hanganga o te witi kānga ki te wāhanga miraka. I tēnei wā, ka whakatōkia ngā tipu kānga ki te matotoru, ā, ka takai pūmau ngā kiri. Me karo te rere a te manu rere ā-pāmu i te teitei iti rawa, i te tere tiketike rawa rānei, nā te mea ka kore e ranea te urunga o te patupatu, ka kore rānei e pakaru te rere. Mō ngā manu rere ā-pāmu maha-rotor me te kawenga o te 50L – 70L, i ngā wāhi whakatō he 4500 – 8000 ngā tipu mō ia eka, ko ngā tawhā mahi tino pai ko te rahinga tono patupatu o te 2.5L/eka – 3.5L/eka, te teitei rere o te 3.5m – 4m, me te tere rere o te 3m/s – 5m/s; I ngā wāhi whakato he 4000 – 4500 ngā tipu mō ia eka, ko ngā tawhā whakahaere tino tika ko te rahinga tono patupatu he 2L/eka – 3L/eka, te teitei rere o te 3.5m – 4m, me te tere rere o te 3m/s – 5m/s.
Hei tāpiri atu, i te wā e whakarite ana i te otinga rehu whakatairanga-maha i roto i te peere, me whakahaere tuatahi he whakamātautau pumau mō te ranunga rongoā kia kore ai he tauhohenga ā-tinana, ā-matū rānei pērā i te whakarārangi, te whakapūpū, te maturuturu rānei. I muri i te whakaūnga kāore he tauhohenga pēnei ka taea te whakahaere i te whakahaere pepeke whānui kotahi.
V. Whakapūmau i ngā mahi tono patu pepeke
(1) Me whakarite kia whai tohu ngā kaimahi me te tiaki haumaru. Me mau ngā kaimahi i ngā tiwhikete whai mana, me mau hoki i ngā taputapu tiaki e tika ana; me whakarite i te whakahaere haumaru o te rohe. I te wā e rere ana, e tau ana hoki ngā waka rererangi, me noho tawhiti atu rātou i ngā arai, i ngā raina hiko teitei me ngā tāngata, me te pupuri i te tawhiti haumaru.
(2) Whakahaerehia te mana whakahaere kounga i mua i te rehu. I mua i te whakahaere i te mahi rehu, ka taea te whakatakoto i ngā kāri whakamātautau mō te matotoru o te pata ki runga i ngā tipu kānga i mua i te wā hei kimi i te matotoru o te pata me te aromatawai i te kounga o te mahi rehu; hei whakarite i te kounga o te mahi me te pānga whakahaere mai i te wāhanga taringa nui ki te whakatō, mai i te hanganga witi ki ngā wāhanga pakari miraka, e taunakihia ana kia rite te matotoru o te pata ki te...≥30 pata ia henimita tapawha.
(3) Kia tino whakahaere i te haumaru i te papaanga. I te wā e whakamahia ana ngā patupatu, me whakanoho ngā kaimahi katoa ki te taha whakarunga o te wāhi rehu, ā, me tino āraia te hikoi i roto i te wāhi e whakamahia ana ngā patupatu; kaua te kaiwhakahaere e kai, e momi hikareti, e waea atu rānei; me titiro tonu rātou ki te waka rererangi ahuwhenua me te mana mamao i ngā wā katoa. Mēnā he āhuatanga ohorere, me tere tonu te whakahaere; kaua tetahi e whakaaetia kia hikoi i te wāhi taunga me te wāhi rere kia kore ai e whara ngā kaimahi.
(4) Whakapūmautia te aromatawai i muri i te mahi. Kia oti te mahi paninga patu pepeke, mō ngā wāhi kāore i rehuhia nā ngā arai, ngā kokonga rānei, me mahi te paninga ā-ringa i te wā tika; horoia me te tiaki i ngā pouaka patu pepeke, ngā pūwero, me ētahi atu, ā, tukuna ngā para tākai ki te toa pakihi, ki te teihana hangarua para tākai rānei (wāhi); tirotirohia tonutia te pānga whakahaere o ngā pepeke me ngā mate, ā, aromatawaihia te kounga o te mahi paninga patu pepeke.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-15-2026
