Kei konei ngā waeroa i ia tau, me pēhea te karo i a rātou? Hei karo i te whakatoi a ēnei mea ngote toto, kua whakawhanake tonu te tangata i ngā momo ārai. Mai i ngā parepare kore mahi pērā i ngā kupenga waeroa me ngā ārai matapihi, ki ngā whakaeke kaha mengā patu pepekeme ngā rehu pepeke namu, he rehu pepeke "maha" kāore i te whai hua engari he rongonui, ki te hua rongonui hou - te poroporo ringa peia namu - no tētahi atu kāwai, ko tēhea o ēnei rōpū ka tino tutuki i te haumaru me te whai huatanga tuturu?
1.Piretroid——He taputapu kaha mō te whakangaromanga kaha
E rua ngā momo huarahi hei whakahaere i ngā namu: te whakakorenga kaha me te parenga kore mahi. I roto i ēnei, he roa te hītori o te kura whakakorenga kaha, ā, e kitea ana ōna pānga. I roto i ngā rongoā ārai namu o te whare pērā i ngā koiri namu, ngā pepa wera namu hiko, te wai wera namu hiko, me ngā patu pepeke aerosol, ko ngā matū matua ko ngā pyrethroid. He patu pepeke whānui-ahurea ka taea te whakahaere i ngā momo pepeke, ā, he kaha te pānga patu pā. Ko tana tikanga mahi he whakararuraru i te pūnaha io o ngā pepeke, ka huri i a rātou mai i te whakaohooho, te wiri ki te pararutiki me te mate. I te whakamahi i ngā rongoā ārai namu, kia pai ake ai te patu i ngā namu, me pupuri te taiao o roto kia kati kia mau tonu te taumata pumau o ngā pyrethroid.
Ko te painga nui o ngā piretiro ko tōna tino whai huatanga. Ka taea e rātou te patu i ngā waeroa me te iti o te kukū. Ahakoa ka taea te whakapūtā me te tuku i ngā piretiro i muri i te manawa o te tinana tangata, he iti tonu te paitini, ā, ka pā pea ki te pūnaha io o te tangata. Mēnā ka roa te whakamahinga, ka puta pea ngā tohu pēnei i te whanoke, te ānini, te kare ā-io rerekē, tae atu ki te pararutiki io. Nō reira, i te wā e whakamahi ana i ngā ārai waeroa i te wā moe, he pai ake kia kaua e waiho tata ki te pane o te moenga kia kore ai e manawahia te hau he nui rawa te kukū o ngā piretiro, ā, ka puta he tauhohenga kore whakamarie.
Hei tāpiritanga, he maha ngā matū kakara kino kei roto i ngā patu pepeke aerosol. Me tūpato te hunga mate pāwera i te wā e whakamahi ana i ngā patu pepeke aerosol. Hei tauira, i muri i te rehu i te nui e tika ana, puta atu i te rūma tonu ka kati i ngā tatau me ngā matapihi. Taria mō ētahi haora i mua i te hoki mai ki te whakatuwhera i ngā matapihi kia puta ai te hau. Mā tēnei, ka taea te whakarite i te whai huatanga o te patu i ngā waeroa me te haumaru.
E ai ki ngā whakaritenga e tika ana o ngā "Ture Whakahaere Patupatu" o te whenua, ko ngā hua katoa hei ārai, hei whakakore, hei whakahaere rānei i ngā waeroa, ngā namu, me ērā atu mea, e kī ana he pānga "whakamate waeroa" he pānga "aukati waeroa" me whiwhi i tētahi nama tiwhikete rēhita patupatu me te tohu i te paitini ki runga i te takai. Nō reira, i konei ka tūtohu mātou kia taea e te katoa te tautuhi i te nama tiwhikete rēhita patupatu.
I tēnei wā, ko ngā patu pepeke pyrethroid e wātea ana i te mākete ko te tetrafluoroethyl pyrethroid me te chlorofluoroethyl pyrethroid. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau he pai ake te whai huatanga o te chlorofluoroethyl pyrethroid ki te patu i ngā waeroa i te tetrafluoroethyl pyrethroid, engari he haumaru ake te tetrafluoroethyl pyrethroid i runga i te haumaru. Nō reira, i te hoko hua whakahaere waeroa, ka taea e te tangata te whiriwhiri i tētahi mea motuhake i runga i te kaiwhakamahi. Mō ngā whānau kāore he tamariki, he pai ake te whai huatanga o ngā hua kei roto te chlorofluoroethyl pyrethroid; ki te mea he tamariki kei roto i te whānau, he haumaru ake ngā hua kei roto te tetrafluoroethyl pyrethroid.
2. Ngā rehu ārai pepeke me ngā wai ārai namu——Ka tiaki i a koe mā te tinihanga i te kakara o ngā namu
I muri i te kōrero mō te patu matatau, me kōrero tātou mō te parepare kore mahi. He rite tonu tēnei kura ki te "Golden Bell Cover, Iron Shirt" i roto i ngā pukapuka a Jin Yong. Kāore e uru atu ki te whawhai tika ki ngā waeroa engari e whakamahi ana i ētahi tikanga hei pupuri i ēnei "mea ngote toto" kia matara atu i a tātou, kia wehea atu ai rātou i waho o te rohe haumaru.
I roto i ēnei, ko ngā rehu pehi pepeke me ngā wai pehi namu ngā mea matua. Ko tā rātou kaupapa pehi namu he rehu ki te kiri me ngā kākahu, mā te whakamahi i ngā kakara kino e kore e pai ki ngā namu, mā te hanga rānei i tētahi paparanga tiaki huri noa i te kiri hei whakararuraru i te kakara o ngā namu, hei ārai i a rātou kei hongi i ngā kakara motuhake e tukuna ana e te tinana tangata, ā, mā reira ka tutuki ai te pānga o te pupuri i ngā namu kia matara atu.
He tokomaha te hunga e whakapono ana ko te rehu wai putiputi, he mea hoki e "peia ai ngā namu", he mea hanga ki te hinu wai putiputi hei kakara matua me te waipiro me ētahi atu matū. Ko āna mahi matua he tango i te paru, te patu i ngā huakita, te ārai i te werawera me te whakamamae i te mākūkū. Ahakoa he pānga peia namu anō hoki, ki te whakatauritea ki ngā rehu peia pepeke me ngā wai peia namu, he rerekē rawa atu ēnei i runga i te tikanga mahi me ngā kai matua, ā, kāore e taea te whakamahi tauwhitiwhiti i ngā mea e rua.
3. Ngā poroporo ringa me ngā pāti ārai namu——Ko te whai huatanga, ko te kore rānei, kei ngā kai matua
I ngā tau tata nei, kua tino rerekē haere ngā momo hua ārai namu kei te mākete. He maha ngā hua ārai namu ka taea te mau pērā i ngā pāti ārai namu, ngā here ārai namu, ngā mātaaratanga ārai namu, ngā poroporo ringa ārai namu, me ngā tautau ārai namu kua rongonui i waenga i te tini tāngata, inā koa ngā mātua o ngā tamariki, nā te mea kāore e hiahiatia he pānga tika ki te kiri. Ko te tikanga ka piri ēnei hua ki te tinana, ā, ka whakamahia te kakara o te rongoā hei hanga i tētahi paparanga tiaki huri noa i te tinana, ka whakararuraru i te kakara o ngā namu, ā, ka tutuki ai te kaupapa o te pei i ngā namu.
I te hoko i tēnei momo hua ārai namu, me tirotiro anō hoki te nama rēhita o ngā patu namu, me tirotiro anō hoki mēnā he tino whai hua ngā kai kei roto, ā, me whiriwhiri hoki i ngā hua e tika ana ngā kai me ngā kukū e rite ana ki te whakamahinga me te kaiwhakamahi e hiahiatia ana.
I tēnei wā, ko ngā kai e whā mō te ārai namu haumaru, whai hua hoki kua rēhitatia e te US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) me te tūtohutia e te US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ko: DEET, Picaridin, IR3535/Immergen, me te Lemon Eucalyptus Oil (OLE) me tōna tangohanga, Lemon Eucalyptol (PMD). I roto i ēnei, ko ngā mea tuatahi e toru he matū hangai, ko te mea whakamutunga he wāhanga tipu. Mō te whai huatanga, he tino whai hua te DEET, ā, he roa te wā e mau ana, ko Picaridin me te IR3535/Immergen te mea e whai ake nei, ā, he poto noa te roa o te ārai a te Lemon Eucalyptus Oil.
Mai i te tirohanga haumaru, nā te mea he āhua whakapataritari te kiri o te DEET, ko te tikanga ka tūtohu mātou kia whiriwhiria ngā hua he iti iho i te 10% te ihirangi DEET mō ngā tamariki. Mō ngā pēpi kei raro iho i te 6 marama te pakeke, kaua e whakamahia ngā hua kei roto te DEET. Kāore he pānga paitini o te IR3535/Immergen ki te kiri, ā, kāore e uru ki roto i te kiri, ā, e mōhiotia ana i tēnei wā he hua ārai namu haumaru ka taea te whakamahi i ia rā. Ka taea te tango i te hinu rēmana ūkarepe mai i ngā matū taiao, ā, he haumaru, kāore hoki e whakapataritari i te kiri, engari ko ngā matū terpene me te hauhā aliphatic kei roto ka pāngia pea e ngā mate pāwera. Nō reira, i roto i te maha o ngā whenua o Ūropi me Amerika, kāore i te tūtohutia mō ngā tamariki kei raro iho i te 3 tau te pakeke.
4. Mō ngā wāhine hapu me ngā pēpi nohinohi——He pai ake te whakamahi i ngā tikanga ārai namu ā-tinana haumaru, whai hua hoki
Ahakoa he rehu ārai namu, he wai ārai namu, he pākete ārai namu rānei, nō roto katoa ēnei i ngā ārai namu matū. Ahakoa he whai hua, he watea hoki ngā tikanga ārai namu matū, mō ngā wāhine hapu me ngā pēpi kei raro iho i te ono marama te pakeke, e taunakihia tonutia ana kia whakamahia ngā tikanga ārai namu ā-tinana haumaru ake.
I tēnei wā, ko ngā hua ārai namu tūturu kei te mākete ko ngā rama ārai namu me ngā taputapu patu namu hiko. He rite te āhua o te taputapu patu namu ki te raketi tēnehi, ā, he hiko pūmau teitei kei waenganui i ngā waea whakarewa. Mā te huri noa i te "raketi", ka pāngia ngā namu pōuri e pā ana ki te waea e te hiko. Heoi, nā te hiko, e taunakihia ana kia whakamahia e ngā pakeke. Ka whakamahia e te rama ārai namu te kukume mārama e āhua ana ki ngā namu hei kukume i a rātou, ka taea ai te ngongo, te piri, te pāngia rānei e te hiko, ā, ka maroke, ka mate. He iti te tesibel mahi o te rama ārai namu, ā, kāore e pā ki te moe. He teitei te tauwehenga haumaru, engari me mōhio me whakatakoto ki te tūranga e kore e taea e ngā tamariki te tae atu.
Wā tuku: Mei-14-2026
