Ko te ahotea wera nui e pā ana ki tētahi āhuatanga huarere e nui ake ana te pāmahana i te rohe o runga o te awhe pāmahana e tika ana mō te tipu o ngā hua, ka kino ai te tipu me te whanaketanga o ngā tipu, ā, ka iti ake ngā hua, ka hinga rawa rānei. Hei whakaiti i ngā mate i puta mai i te pāmahana nui o te rangi, e taunakihia ana kia mahi ngā kaimahi pāmu i ngā mahi e tika ana mōngā hua rerekē me ngā wāhanga tipu rerekē.
Raihi
Te pānga o te pāmahana teitei ki te raihi: He hua e aroha ana ki te mahana te raihi, ā, he tino pāngia e te pāmahana i te wā e pihi ana, e tīmata ana te whakatō (arā, i roto i ngā rā 10 i mua atu, i muri hoki i te whakatō). Mena ka neke ake te pāmahana o te oneone i te 35°C i te wā e pihi ana, ka kore e tino whanake ngā whekau whakaputa uri o te raihi, kāore e tino whanake te hae, ā, ka heke tōna ora. Mena ka neke ake te pāmahana i te 35°C i te wā e pihi ana, e tīmata ana te pua, ka pāngia te marara o te hae, ka roa ake ngā ngongo hae, ka kore e taea te whakawairakau me te hanganga o ngā anga witi kau, ka heke te tere hua, ka iti iho te taumaha mano-witi, ā, ka hinga rawatia.
Ngā mahi ārai i te kino o te wera:
1. Whakapakari i te whakahaere wai o te mara. I te wā e whakatō ana, me whakamakuku te mara raihi ki te paparanga wai hohonu 5-10 henimita, ka taea ai te whakaheke i te pāmahana oneone o te raihi, te whakapakari i te ora o te pūnaha pakiaka, me te whakanui ake hoki i te haumākū o te hau i roto i te paparanga panicle, ka pai ake ai te whakatō me te whakatakoto purapura o te raihi. Mō ngā mara raihi kei te wā whakakī, ka taea te whakamahi i te whakamakuku pinepine me te waikeri i te pō hei ārai i te "whakapakari i te pāmahana teitei" me te whakaiti i te taumaha mano-kākano.
2. Kia tūpato ki te whakahaere i ngā pepeke i waenganui me te mutunga o te tipu o te raihi. Mā te pāmahana teitei ka tere ake te whakaputa uri o ngā pepeke. Ko te wā tika mō te whakahaere i ngā pepeke raihi ko te wā e pao ana te hua me te wā 1-2 o te tipu o ngā nimfa. Ka taea te rehu ki ngā wāhanga waenga me raro o te raihi he otinga 2000-whakarite o te 10% wai imidacloprid, he otinga 1500-whakarite rānei o te 25% paura thiazopyr·isoprocarb, me te pupuri i te paparanga wai papaku mō ngā rā 3-5.
3. Whakatōkia ngā rau ki te wai. Mā te rehu rau ki te wai superphosphate 3%, ki te wai pāhare pākawa dihydrogen waikawa phosphoric 0.2% rānei, ka taea te whakapakari i te ātete o ngā tipu raihi ki te pāmahana tiketike, ka whakaiti i te kino o te wera, ā, ka whakapiki ake i te tere hua me te taumaha mano-kākano.
Huawhenua
Te pānga o te pāmahana teitei ki ngā huawhenua: Ina kore e taea e te wai e mimitihia ana e ngā pūnaha pakiaka o ngā huawhenua mai i te oneone te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia mimiti o ngā tipu, ka piko, ka taka, ka heke te kounga o ngā rau o ngā tipu huawhenua, ka heke te hua, ā, ka maroke, ka mate hoki. I ngā āhuatanga pāmahana teitei, ka iti te maha o ngā pua o ngā huawhenua, ka ngoikore te whanaketanga, ā, ka heke te ātete ki ngā pepeke me ngā mate, ā, ka nui ngā raruraru o ngā pepeke me ngā mate.
Ngā mahi ārai i te kino o te wera:
1. whiriwhiria ngā momo huawhenua e tika ana mō te whakatipu ā-rohe, ā, he kaha te ātete ki ngā pāmahana tiketike me ngā mate.
2. te whakato tahi me ngā hua roa. Whakamahia te pānga whakamarumaru o ngā hua roa, me te whakataurite i te huinga o ngā tipu e pai ana ki te rā me ērā e pai ana ki te atarangi, pērā i te whakato tahi i te kānga me ngā huawhenua iti te tipu, te whakato huawhenua i waenganui i ngā rarangi rākau hua, me ētahi atu.
3. taupokina ki ngā rauemi whakamatao i te wā tika. Mō ngā huawhenua rau e whakatipuria ana i te raumati, he pai ake te hanga i tētahi whare tiaki me te hipoki ki ngā kupenga whakamarumaru hei tiaki i te rā me ngā pepeke. Ka taea hoki e koe te hipoki i te kiriata tiaki ki ngā kupenga whakamarumaru. Mō ngā rarangi hua tahanga, whakatakotoria he paparanga kakau witi, he kakau witi kuru, me ētahi atu ki runga i te whenua hei ārai i te pāmahana o te oneone kia tino teitei. Mō ngā hua o ngā huawhenua e whiti ana ki te rā, taupokina ki ngā taru kino, ki ngā nūpepa tawhito, me ētahi atu kia kore ai e wera i te rā.
4. Whakamahia te whakamarumaru o ngā rau hei tiaki i ngā hua. I ngā wā tino wera, whakamahia te whakamarumaru o ngā kakau me ngā rau hei tiaki i ngā hua. Mō te whakatipu huawhenua i te raumati, he mea tika kia whakatō kia matotoru, kaua kia whakatō noa, kia puta ai te whakamarumaru ngātahi, kia pai ai te tipu.
5. Whakamakukuhia kia tika. I ngā wā pāmahana teitei, whakanuia te auau me te nui o te whakainu kia tika. Mena ka taea e ngā āhuatanga, whakamahia he whakamakuku pītiti, he rehu wai rānei ki ngā rau hei ārai i te maroke o ngā rau. Me whiriwhiri te wā i te ata pō, i te ahiahi rānei, kaua hoki e whakainu i ngā pāmahana teitei i waenganui o te rā. Me ringihia te wai kia ōrite, kia tino pai hoki kia mau tonu te makuku o te oneone. I muri i te whatitiri wera, ringihia te wai i te wā tika, ā, whakamakukuhia ki te wai matao hei ārai i te kino o te wera.
6. arotahi ki te whakahaere i ngā pepeke. I ngā wā pāmahana tiketike me te tauraki, ka ngāwari te kino o ngā pepeke pēnei i te thrips, te aphids, te whiteflies, te leafhoppers, me te mites. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i ngā patu pepeke pēnei i te imidacloprid, dinotefuran, ethephon, cypermethrin, me te avermectin hei whakahaere. Kia mahara kāore i te tūtohutia kia rehuhia ngā patu pepeke i ngā pāmahana tiketike.
Ngā rākau hua
Te pānga o te pāmahana teitei ki ngā rākau hua: Whai muri i te pānga o te wera ki ngā rākau hua, me te kore e tipu pai, ka kitea he kiri rakau pakaru, he manga wera, he ira pirau i runga i ngā rau, ka pōuri me te kōwhai te tae o te rau; Te pānga o te pāmahana teitei ki ngā rākau hua: Whai muri i te pānga o te wera ki ngā rākau hua, me te kore e tipu pai, ka kitea he kiri rakau pakaru, he manga wera, he ira pirau i runga i ngā rau, ka pōuri me te kōwhai te tae o te rau; ina pāngia ngā hua, ka roa te pakeke, ka iti te rahi, ka kino te tae, te kakara, te kounga me te pumau o te rokiroki; ina pāngia kino, ka taka ngā hua me te wera kiko.
Ngā mahi ārai i te ahotea wera:
1. Whakakīia te wai o te mara i te wā tika. Mēnā ka pāngia e te rangi wera me te maroke, me whakamakuku wawe ngā rākau hua. Mā te whakanui ake i te wai o te oneone me te whakapai ake i te haumākū o te māra hua, ka taea te whakatutuki i te hiahia wai o ngā rau mō te mākū me te tipu o ngā hua, ka whakaiti i te kino o te tauraki me te ahotea wera nui ki ngā rākau hua. Whakamātauria te whakamakuku i te ata, i te ahiahi rānei, ā, ka taea hoki i te pō. Mēnā he tino maroke, ka taea te mahi i roto i ngā rahinga iti me ngā wā maha, ā, kāore e whakaaetia kia nui rawa te wai i te wā kotahi kia kore ai e pakaru ngā hua.
2. whakanui ake i te haumākū o te māra hua rākau. Mā roto i ngā taputapu tauhiuhi māra hua rākau, ka mahia te whakamatao me te whakamakuku i te tihi o te rākau, me waenganui i ngā rarangi i te ahiahi, i te pō rānei, hei whakapai ake i te āhuarangi o te māra hua rākau, hei whakaiti hoki i te kino o te pāmahana teitei me te hihi tika o te rā ki te rākau me ngā hua.
3. taupokina ki te wai e pupuri ana i te makuku. Ka taea te whakamahi i te kakau raihi, rau, me ētahi atu hei taupoki i te kōpae rākau hei whakaiti i te pāmahana oneone i te rohe pakiaka, hei whakaiti hoki i te mimiti o te wai.
4. whakamarumaru, pania rānei ki te mā. Mō ngā māra hua hou, mō ngā māra hua taitamariki rānei, ka taea te whakatō i tētahi kānga iti, i ētahi atu hua roa rānei ki te rarangi hei whakamarumaru. Mō ngā māra hua kua pakeke, me pania ki te mā te pū hei whakaiti i te pānga o te pāmahana teitei me te tauraki ki ngā rākau hua.
5. te whakatōtika i ngā wā katoa. I te wā wera me te wā maroke, tāpirihia te 600-800 wā o te otinga pāhare pākawa waro waikawa phosphoric ki ngā rākau hua hei aukati i te whakatuwheratanga o ngā pūwero rau, hei whakaiti i te mimiti wai o te tinana rākau, hei whakapai ake i te ātete o te tinana rākau ki te tauraki.
6. ārai i ngā mate me ngā pepeke. I te wā wera me te maroke, ka ngāwari te whakatupu i te tipu o ngā mite, ngā aphids me ētahi atu pepeke, ā, ka puta kowhai ngā rau, ka pirau ngā pakiaka. Me aro nui ki te ārai. Ina pāngia ngā hua, ka roa te pakeke, ka iti te rahi, ka kino te tae, te kakara, te kounga me te pumau o te rokiroki; ina pāngia kino, ka taka ngā hua, ka wera ngā kiko.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-02-2026
