Ngā mahi rerekē a Ethephon

Ina tae mai kietepona, ko te mea tuatahi e puta ake ana ki te hinengaro o te tangata he mea whakahaere tipu tipu e whakamahia whānuitia ana, e tere ake ai te maoa o ngā hua, te maturuturu me te koroheketanga. Inaa, koinei tētahi o ōna pānga. He maha atu anō ngā pānga o tēnei mea? I tēnei rā, me kōrero tātou mō ngā tikanga whakamahinga motuhake o tēnei mea.

He ngāwari te mimiti o te ethephon e ngā tipu, ā, ka tukuna mārire te ethylene ki roto i te tinana tipu, ka whakarei ake i te mahi peroxidase o te tipu, ka whakaiti i te mana o te tihi me te whakanui ake i ngā rau whai hua, ka poto ake, ka kaha ake te tipu, ā, ka ārai i te hinga; ka taea hoki e ia te whakangāwari i ngā tipu, te hua wawe ake, te whakatairanga i te maoa wawe me te ōrite o ngā hua; he pānga anō hoki tōna ki te whakaheke i ngā rau o te miro me te whakaheke i ngā puku o ngā rākau tī; ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei kaihoko maoa hua.

I. Te Whakatairanga i te Pakarutanga o ngā Hua

Kua whakaatuhia e ngā whakamātautau i te wā e pakari ana ngā hua, ka puta te ethylene. Ka taea e te ethylene te whakahaere i ngā mahi maha pērā i ngā whākōkī, ngā waikawa karihi, me te pākia o te manawa i roto i ngā hua, ā, ka whakatairanga i te pakari o ngā hua. Ina uru te wairewa ethylene ki roto i te tinana tipu, ka tukuna te ethylene i ngā tere rerekē i runga i te uara pH o te pūtau, ka tere ake te pakari o ngā hua.

1. Ngā tikanga mō te rongoā i ngā tōmato:

(1) Te tikanga ruirui purapura: Kohia ngā tōmato matomato me ngā tōmato pakari i te wā e pakari ana, ka ruia ki te 1500 ppm ethylene mō te 1 meneti pea. Tangohia, ringihia te wai, ka whakanoho ki roto i ngā kete pāpaka, i ngā moenga mahana, i ngā whare kati kōtuhi rānei. Whakahaerehia te pāmahana ki te 22-25℃. I muri i ngā rā e 2-3, ka whero te nuinga o ngā hua.

(2) Tikanga paninga hua: Whai muri i te tīmatanga o te pakari o ngā tōmato, i te haurua o te marama i mua i te kotinga, whakamahia he pōro miro, he paraihe, me ētahi atu hei tuku i te wairewa ethylene 2000-3000 ppm ki runga i ngā hua, whakamahia rānei he kākahu, he karapu kākahu, me ētahi atu hei muru i ngā hua. Mā tēnei ka taea te pakari o ngā hua i roto i ngā rā 6-8 i mua ake, ka piki ake te hua o ngā hua whero wawe, ā, ka pai ake te pakari me te kounga o te whero. I te paninga o ngā hua, ko te nuinga anake o te kiriuhi, o te mata rānei o te hua me pani, nā te mea i muri i te maimoatanga ethylene, ka taea te rere i roto i te hua, ahakoa kāore ētahi wāhanga i pania katoatia, ka pakari tonu te hua katoa. Mā tēnei maimoatanga ka taea te whakanui ake i te pai o te mahi me te penapena i te mahi.

(3) Te tikanga rehu hua: Hei whakatairanga i te urunga wawe mai o ngā tōmato o te kōanga ki te mākete, me te whakapai ake i te pai o te mahi, i te wā e pakari ana ngā hua tuatahi me te tuarua o te kotinga, whakamahia te wairewa ethylene 800-1000 ppm hei rehu tika i ngā hua, ka taea ai te tere ake te whero me te pakari i roto i ngā rā 5-7 i mua atu, ka whakapiki ake i te hua wawe. I te wā e rehu ana ngā hua, kaua e rehu i te wairewa ki ngā kakau me ngā rau.

(4) Te rehu i te tipu: He pai tēnei tikanga mō ngā tōmato kotahi te kotinga. He iti te mahi, he māmā hoki, engari me tino whakahaere te roa o te rehu me te kukū. I te nuinga o te wā, ina whero te nuinga o ngā hua, ā, kei te toe tonu ētahi hua matomato, hei tere ake te pakari o ēnei hua, whakamahia te 1000 ppm o te wairewa ethylene hei rehu i te tipu katoa. Mā tēnei, ka tere te kōwhai o ngā poro tōmato, ka tere ake te pakari o ngā hua matomato, ā, ka nui ake te ōwehenga o ngā hua whero pakari i te wā kotinga. Mena ka rehuhia te ethylene ki te tipu i mua i te wā pakari, ka taea te tere ake te pakari whero mā te 5-6 rā, engari me iti ake te kukū, pai ake 500-1000 mirikaramu ia rita. Ki te kore, ka ngāwari te kōwhai o ngā rau me te hinga o ngā rau.

2. Pepa: Ina huri te tae o te kiri o te hua, whakamahia te 1000-4000 mirikaramu ia rita ethylene hei whakamakuku i ngā hua, ka taea ai te tere ake te pakari me te huri tae o te hua. Ka taea hoki e koe te rehu i te 1000 mirikaramu ia rita ethylene ki te mara hei whakatairanga i te pakari, engari he ngāwari ki te hinga ngā rau.

3. Merengi: I mua i te tupu katoa o te hua engari kāore anō kia pakari, rehuhia te 300-500 mirikaramu ethylene ia rita ki runga i ngā hua, ka taea ai te pakari o ngā hua i roto i ngā rā 5-7 i mua atu. Nā te mea he nui ngā hua merengi, ko te rehu i te wai ki runga i ngā hua anake kāore e kino ki ngā tipu.

4. Te pakari o te karepe: E whakaatu ana te whakamātautau, mō ngā momo pēnei i ngā pī nunui, ina tīmata te pakari o te hua, rehuhia, tōia rānei te 250-300 mirikaramu ia kirokaramu o te ethylene ki runga i ngā tautau hua, ka taea te whakatere i te pakari mō ngā rā 6-8, ā, ka taea te kai i te rā tuarima i muri i te rehu.

Me mārama ki ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei i te wā e whakamahia ana te ethylene hei whakamātau i ngā karepe:

① Me tika te kukū. Mēnā he iti rawa te kukū, kāore e kitea te pānga. Heoi, ki te nui ake te kukū i te 500 mirikaramu ia kirokaramu, tera pea ka hinga ngā hua.

② Ko te wā pai rawa atu mō te maimoatanga ko te wā e tīmata ai te pakari o te hua. Mō ngā momo tae, ka tīmata te whanake o te tae, ā, mō ngā momo mā, ka huri kōwhai ngā tautau hua. Koinei te wā tino whai hua mō te maimoatanga.

③ He rerekē te kukū tino pai mō te whakamāoa i ngā momo rerekē. I roto i te whakaputanga, me whakahaere ngā whakamātautau hei whakatau i te kukū me te tikanga maimoatanga.

④ Nā te mea he pānga tō te ethylene ki te whakatairanga i te hanganga o ngā paparanga motumotu, ko te whakamahi i te ethylene anake hei whakamātau i ngā karepe ka arahi pea ki te wehenga o ngā hua, ka kore ai e ātete ngā tautau karepe ki te rokiroki me te kawe. Hei whakamama i tēnei pānga taha, ka taea te tāpiri i te 10-20 mirikaramu ia kirokaramu o te tributyrin, 10-15 mirikaramu ia kirokaramu rānei o te 2,4,5-T ina whakamahia te ethylene, he pānga pai tēnei ki te ārai i te wehenga o ngā hua.

II. Te Whakatairanga i te Rerekētanga o te Putiputi Wahine

He tipu hermaphroditic ngā huawhenua kūkamo, ā, he pua tāne, he pua uwha hoki. I te wā o te tukanga wehewehenga o ngā pua tāne me ngā pua uwha, hei tāpiri atu ki ngā āhuatanga matua o te whakaaturanga momoira, ka pā pea ngā taumata homoni rerekē ki te wehewehenga o te ira tangata. Ina kore e wehewehea ngā puku pua o ngā huawhenua kūkamo, mā te rongoā ki te ethephon ka nui ake te maha o ngā pua uwha. I te nuinga o te wā, ka rehuhia te 150 mirikaramu ia rita o te ethephon ki te mata rau 1 ki te 3 ngā wā i te rau 1 ki te 5 o te kūkamo, te rau 1 ki te 4 o te paukena, me te rau 2 o te merengi. I te rau 1 ki te 3 o te kūkamo, ka rehuhia te 50 ki te 250 mirikaramu ia rita o te ethephon 1 ki te 3 ngā wā ka pā te pānga patu tāne, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia mō te whakaputa purapura kūkamo i te mara.

III. Te Whakatairanga i te Whakaiti o ngā Tipu

Mā te rehu i te 240-960 mirikaramu ia rita o te ethephon ki runga i te 1-4 rau o te kāpeti, te tōreri, te kāreti, te rātiti, te aubergine, te tōmato, me te paukena ka whakaroa i te tere tipu o ngā tipu, ka mutu hoki te tipu. Ka pakaru te moe o te tipu. Ko te pānga o te ethephon he pakaru te moe me te whakatairanga i te whakatipu. Hei tauira, mā te rumaki i ngā rīwai ki roto i te 50-200 mirikaramu ia rita o te ethephon ka taea te whakanui ake i te maha o ngā puku, ā, mā te rongoā i te kanekane ka taea te whakatairanga i tōna whakatipu me te whakanui ake i ōna manga.

Te whakahaere miro:IBA+ DA-6 + ethephon e whakarāpopototia ana ko EBH. Ko tōna hanganga he 30% me te 40% wairewa, kua whakaranua kia 1500 ngā wā hei whakamahi, me te horopeta o te 20-30 ml ia mu. He mea whakahaere tipu tipu kua rongonui mō te whakahaere i te teitei o te tipu miro i ngā tau tata nei, ā, he mea whakahaere tipu tipu anō hoki mō te whakahaere i te teitei o ngā tipu kānga.